Predictors Of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms Research Articles

Genetic influences on the interplay between obsessive-compulsive behavior symptoms and cannabis use during adolescence.

There are overlapping biological origins and behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and cannabis use. There is also evidence that OCS and cannabis use are associated over time. Thus, we investigated polygenic predisposition for OCS as predictive of OCS and cannabis use from age 17 to 19. We hypothesized that greater genetic risk for OCS would predict both OCS and cannabis use. The current study used participants from the Project Alliance 1 study, a US-basedsample, for whom genomic, OCS, and cannabis use data were available (n = 547). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were formed via a meta-genome-wide association study on OCS and examined as a predictor of OCS and cannabis use at age17 and 19. The sample was diverse (52.4% male; 45% European American, 30% African American, 14% multiracial, 5% Hispanic/Latino, 4% Asian American, and 2% other groups). Sensitivity analysis was performed by gender for European American and African American subsamples. Across the whole sample, the greater polygenic risk for OCS was negatively associated with cannabis use at age 17 and positively associated with OCS at 19. Cannabis use at age 17 was positively associated with OCS at age 19. The association between polygenic risk for OCS and cannabis use at age 17 was replicated in European American males, whereas the association between cannabis use at age 17 and OCS at age 19 was replicated in African American males. Cannabis use may exacerbate OCS through adolescence, and genetic predisposition for OCS may be associated with lower cannabis use in efforts to avoid exacerbation of OCS.

Not just right experiences and incompleteness as a predictor of Obsessive Compulsive symptoms in clinical and community samples: A meta-analysis

Sensory phenomena (SP) are uncomfortable feelings, including bodily sensations, “just-right” perceptions and feelings of incompleteness, which have been shown to be predictors of symptom severity in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). These sensory phenomena have also been related to obsessive compulsive (OC) traits within the general population. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify a possible relationship between sensory phenomena (incompleteness and Not Just in Right Experiences; NJRE), with OC symptoms in clinical and non-clinical samples. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for studies in children and adult populations of patients with OCD and in general populations displaying symptoms of OCD. Results: Effect sizes of incompleteness and NJRE were correlated to OCD symptoms. The effects sizes in the clinical and non-clinical groups did not differ significantly. Discussion: Robust effect sizes of incompleteness and NJRE in relation to OC symptomatology confirm sensory phenomena as marker of OC symptoms in both groups. The findings suggest that sensory phenomena could be targeted as an intervention in those showing both clinical and sub-clinical levels of OC traits.

Executive Functions and Reinforcement Sensitivity in Women with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms.

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with cognitive and motivational deficits caused by abnormal activities in certain neural circuits. This study sets out to determine the contribution of each component of executive function and reinforcement sensitivity in prediction of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Method : In this cross-sectional study, the study population consisted of all adult women living in Sabzevar city (Iran). Using cluster sampling, 365 women were selected as the study sample. Participants completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire - Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC) as well as Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Data analysis was conducted using correlation and regression tests. Results: The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that inhibition, shift and initiation variables as well as sensitivity to punishment and reward were best predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (adjusted R square = 0.34, F = 38.93, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that impaired executive functions in cognition and sensitivity to reinforcement in motivation contribute to the emergence or sustainability of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Self-Compassion, Frustration Intolerance and OCD Symptoms among Spouse of OCD Patients Authors

The present research was conducted to investigate the relationship among self-compassion, frustration intolerance and obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms in spouses of OCD patients. Purposive sampling technique was used and sample comprised of 80 participants with the distribution of 40 males and 40 female spouses of OCD patients. The age range of spouses of OCD patients was 20 to 40 years (M=1.50, SD= .50). Self-compassion scaleshort form (Raes, Pommier, Neff &amp; Van Gucht, 2011), frustration discomfort scale (Harrington, 2005) and obsessive compulsive inventory-revised (Foa, 2002) were administered on the participants. The findings of the current study uncovered that self-compassion had a significant negative relationship with frustration intolerance (r= -.80**, p&lt;.01) and with obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms (r=-.77**, p&lt;.01). Findings also revealed that frustration intolerance had a significant positive relationship with obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms (r=.98**, p&lt;.01). Multiple regression analysis signified that self-compassion and frustration intolerance both found to be significant predictors of obsessive compulsive symptoms among spouses of obsessive compulsive disorder patients. Male spouse scored higher on self-compassion while scored lower on frustration intolerance and obsessive compulsive symptoms as compared to female spouse.

Self-Determination as a Predictor of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms among Emerging Adults

Self-Determination as a Predictor of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms among Emerging Adults

Emotional Processing and Personality as Predictors of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in College Students.

The categorical definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and exclusive focus on thoughts and behaviors, have constrained the study and treatment of its symptoms. The present study's aim was to search for relationships among emotional processing dimensions, five major personality dimensions, and self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The participants were 100 college students, and the questionnaires used were a selection of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM), the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), and the NEO-FFI. We found differences in emotional processing dimensions between participants with high and low DOCS scores, grouped according to sex (d = .56); and evidence that the neuroticism and agreeableness dimensions predict self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Emotional processing dimensions and personality are considered useful to comprehending obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which lends support to dimensional models of OC symptomatology, as well as planning and developing psychological interventions.

Obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress symptoms among civilian survivors of war.

BackgroundSeveral psychological sequelae have been identified in civilian war survivors. However, little is known about the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their relationship to trauma in this population.MethodFifty-one adult civilian survivors of the Kosovo War (28 males) who had immigrated to Switzerland completed the Revised Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Scale, the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Data were analysed using multiple regression analyses.ResultsOverall, 35 and 39 % of the sample scored above the cut-offs for likely obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder, respectively. Participants with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly more likely to have obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and vice versa. In multiple regression analysis, gender and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms were predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, whereas number of traumatic life event types and depressive symptoms were not.ConclusionGiven the small sample size, the results of this study need to be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, a surprisingly high number of participants in our study suffered from both obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress symptoms, with obsessive-compulsive symptoms tending to be more pronounced in women. It remains, therefore, critical to specifically assess both obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress symptoms in civilian war survivors, and to provide persons afflicted with appropriate mental health care.

Analysis of the Relations between Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity in Adolescents with Structural Equation Modeling

The purpose of this study is to analyze the predictive effect of anxiety sensitivity on obsessive compulsive symptoms. The sample of the study consists of 542 students selected with appropriate sampling method from the secondary and high schools in Erzurum city center. Obsessive Compulsive Inventory and Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used in the study to collect data. The data obtained through the study was analyzed with structural equation modeling. As a result of the study, it was determined that there is a significant relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety sensitivity has direct and indirect meaningful effects on the latent variable of OCD in the sub-dimensions of doubting-checking, obsessing, hoarding, washing, ordering and mental neutralizing, and also anxiety sensitivity is a significant predictor of obsessive compulsive symptoms.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their impacts on psychosocial functioning in people with epilepsy.

Background and PurposeObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in people with epilepsy (PWE) have not been studied systematically. We evaluated the severity, predictors, and psychosocial impact of OCS in PWE.MethodsWe recruited PWE who visited our epilepsy clinic and age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls. Both PWE and healthy controls completed the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), which measures OCS. PWE also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31). We examined the severity of OCS in PWE relative to healthy controls. Predictors of OCS and the QOLIE-31 score were measured by regression analyses. A path analysis model was constructed to verify interrelations between the variables.ResultsThe MOCI total score was significantly higher in PWE than in healthy controls (p=0.002). OCS were found in 20% of eligible patients. The strongest predictor of the MOCI total score was the BDI score (β=0.417, p<0.001), followed by EEG abnormality (β=0.194, p<0.001) and etiology (β=0.107, p=0.031). Epileptic syndrome, the side of the epileptic focus, and action mechanisms of antiepileptic drugs did not affect the MOCI total score. The strongest predictor of the QOLIE-31 overall score was the BDI score (β=-0.569, p<0.001), followed by seizure control (β=-0.163, p<0.001) and the MOCI total score (β=-0.148, p=0.001). The MOCI total score directly affected the QOLIE-31 overall score and also exerted indirect effects on the QOLIE-31 overall score through seizure control and the BDI score.ConclusionsOCS are more likely to develop in PWE than in healthy people. The development of OCS appears to elicit psychosocial problems directly or indirectly by provoking depression or uncontrolled seizures.