Predictors Of Breastfeeding Duration Research Articles

Predictors of breastfeeding duration on mothers who return to work: a systematic review

Introduction: the idea of continuing breastfeeding and work raises conflicting demands on the mother. Work correlates with early termination of breastfeeding and full-time work is associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding than working part time.Objective: we aimed to systematically explore literature relating to factors related to breastfeeding duration in mothers returning to work.Materials and Methods: this research uses systematic review where systematic review is carried out following a combination of selected reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis.Results: many selected articles were found related to factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers who returned to work.Discussions: delaying return to work until at least 15 weeks postpartum indicates a long duration of breastfeeding (at least 6 months). Part-time work is also positively related to the duration of feeding.Conclusions: employment and early return to work, support from social environment, perception of milk production, higher maternal occupational and education, household income, delaying return to work at least 15 weeks postpartum, working part time and longer maternity leave are predictors of breastfeeding duration on mother return to work.

Prenatal Perception of WIC Breastfeeding Recommendations Predicts Breastfeeding Exclusivity and Duration in the Infants’ First Year

Pregnant participants who perceived that the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) recommends breastfeeding only were more likely to have better early breastfeeding outcomes. Our objective was to examine the association between prenatal perception of WIC's breastfeeding recommendations and breastfeeding duration through the first year of infant life. This observational study used a national longitudinal sample of 1594 pregnant participants in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 in 2013. Four measures of breastfeeding duration were used: 1) a discrete measure of exclusive breastfeeding through 5 mo; 2) a continuous measure of exclusive breastfeeding (in days up to 7 mo); 3) a discrete measure of any breastfeeding through 11 mo; and 4) a continuous measure of any breastfeeding (in days up to 13 mo). The primary explanatory variable was the participant's prenatal perception of whether WIC recommended breastfeeding only. The univariate analyses of time to breastfeeding cessation were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. The Cox regression model was adopted to estimate the likelihood of breastfeeding outcomes over time. All analyses accounted for complex survey design effects. Compared with their peers who perceived WIC to recommend formula only or both breastfeeding and formula equally, participants who perceived WIC as recommending breastfeeding only were less likely to stop exclusive breastfeeding through 5 mo (HR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.99) or to stop any breastfeeding through 11 mo (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.92), without controlling for prenatal infant feeding intentions. Similar patterns were observed in the 2 continuous measures, as they were also less likely to stop exclusive breastfeeding by 7 mo (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.90) or to stop any breastfeeding by 13 mo (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.95). Prenatal perception of WIC's breastfeeding recommendation can be a useful predictor of breastfeeding duration in WIC participants.

Mixed-Methods Study Examining the Relationship of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy to Breastfeeding Duration and Breastfeeding Exclusivity of Full-Term Infants in the NICU

To explore the confidence and experience of breastfeeding mothers of NICU full-term infants. A mother’s separation from her NICU infant may undermine her confidence to breastfeed. Full-term infants in the NICU receive less breast milk than preterm infants. Mixed method using an exploratory, comparative, correlational, and concurrent parallel convergent design. A Level III NICU. Forty-one diverse postpartum women. Use of the critical incident technique identified the facilitators and barriers for breastfeeding success. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale for Preterm and Ill Infants (BFSE-SF-IP) measured the mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy. One week after the infant’s discharge, the BSFE-SF-IP was completed and the women described what facilitated or hindered their breastfeeding success. Participants were contacted 3 weeks later to ascertain breastfeeding status and formula use. Cronbach’s alpha of the BSEF-SF-IP was .953. Regression analyses revealed BFSE-SF-IP was the only predictor of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity and accounted for 47% of the variance in formula amount and use at 4 weeks. A positive correlation among breastfeeding experience, number of live births, breastfeeding at 1 and 4 weeks, and BFSE-SF-IP and a negative correlation among breast milk pumping, formula use at 1 and 4 weeks and BFSE-SF-IP was found. Women identified 67 critical incidents as facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding success. Facilitators in the NICU were nurses–lactation consultant support and breastfeeding skills. Barriers were infant formula feeding, separation from the baby, scheduled feedings, and not enough breast milk. Facilitators were family support, determination, and staying with the infant. Not having enough breastmilk and infant not taking the breast were barriers. Experienced mothers with a moderate to high BFSE-SF-IP identified formula, scheduled feedings, and separation from their infants as barriers and family support and determination as facilitators. First-time mothers with a moderate to high BFSE-SF-IP identified facilitators as the nurse–lactation consultant support, developing breastfeeding skills, and fear of not producing enough milk. Determination and support were facilitators. First-time mothers with lower BFSE-SF-IP scores identified not feeling well or having had a cesarean, not enough milk, and the infant not latching as barriers to breastfeeding. Mothers whose infants are in the NICU require dedicated breastfeeding support from all health care staff at every encounter.

Predictors of breastfeeding duration in a predominantly M\u0101ori population in New Zealand

BackgroundAlthough breastfeeding duration in New Zealand’s indigenous Māori is shorter than in non-Māori, we know little about barriers or motivators of breastfeeding in this community. The aim of this analysis was to identify predictors for extended duration of breastfeeding amongst participants drawn from predominantly Māori communities in regional Hawke’s Bay.MethodsMother/baby dyads were recruited from two midwifery practices serving predominantly Māori women in mostly deprived areas, for a randomised controlled trial comparing the risks and benefits of an indigenous sleeping device (wahakura) and a bassinet. Questionnaires were administered at baseline (pregnancy) and at one, three and six months postnatal. Several questions relating to breastfeeding and factors associated with breastfeeding were included. The data from both groups were pooled to examine predictors of breastfeeding duration.ResultsMāori comprised 70.5% of the 197 participants recruited. The median time infants were fully breastfed was eight weeks and Māori women were more likely to breastfeed for a shorter duration than New Zealand European women with an odds-ratio (OR) of 0.45 (95% CI 0.24, 0.85). The key predictors for extended duration of breastfeeding were the strong support of the mother’s partner (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.76, 7.55) or her mother for breastfeeding (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.27, 4.82), longer intended duration of maternal breastfeeding (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03) and being an older mother (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.12). The key predictors for shorter duration of breastfeeding were pacifier use (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.17, 0.46), daily cigarette smoking (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.37, 0.69), alcohol use (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.31, 0.93) and living in a more deprived area (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22, 0.72).ConclusionsBreastfeeding duration in this group of mainly Māori women was shorter than the national average. Increasing the duration of breastfeeding by these mothers could be further facilitated by ante and postnatal education involving their own mothers and their partners in the support of breastfeeding and by addressing pacifier use, smoking and alcohol use.

Breastfeeding motivation in Pomerania: Survey of neonates in Pomerania (SNiP-Study).

BackgroundThe Nationale Stillkommission was founded in Germany in 1994 to increase the acceptance of breastfeeding as the primary means of infant nutrition. Scientific studies like “Stillen und Säuglingsernährung (SuSe-Studie)”, and regional studies in Bavaria, Freiburg, Hamburg, and Berlin demonstrated breastfeeding initiation rates of 90 to 95%, but the total breastfeeding rate decreased to 25–61% after infants were 6 months old. One predictor of breastfeeding duration may be maternal motivation. The present study aimed to describe breastfeeding motivation.MethodsWe analysed data collected in 2004–2008, during a previous study, the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP). We retrieved data regarding maternal breastfeeding motivation, family environment, and socioeconomic factors. We constructed a quantitative breastfeeding-motivation score to identify factors involved in maternal breastfeeding.ResultsNinety five percent of mothers who gave birth in the study period and area provided information in the survey. The breastfeeding initiation rate was 88.4%. Mothers’ intentions to provide exclusive breastfeeding (only breast milk, no other liquids or infant formula) increased linearly from 71.9% in 2005 to 76.8% in 2008. Women motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding were, on average, older, primiparous, and able to deliver spontaneously more often than women with less breastfeeding motivation. Furthermore, women with no motivation to provide exclusive breastfeeding and women that intended to provide breastfeeding combined with a complementary nutrition source had visited prenatal classes less frequently, had lower levels education, had lower average incomes, had a German nationality more often, and used tobacco more often than women motivated to provide exclusive breastfeeding.ConclusionsBreastfeeding intentions increased during the SNiP Study. This study identified several factors that might serve for targeted breastfeeding promotion in mothers younger than 25 years, mothers with low education, and multiparous mothers or women who have received a caesarean section. Furthermore, breastfeeding motivation might be enhanced during pregnancy and/or after delivery by providing prenatal classes.

Predictors of breastfeeding duration among women in Kuwait: results of a prospective cohort study.

The purposes of this paper are to report the prevalence of breastfeeding to six months among women in Kuwait and to determine the factors that are associated with the duration of breastfeeding. A cohort of 373 women recruited from maternity wards in four hospitals in Kuwait city were followed from birth to 26 weeks postpartum. The association of any and full breastfeeding duration and predictor variables were explored using multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards models. At six months, 39% of all infants were receiving some breast milk and only 2% of infants had been fully breastfed to 26 weeks. Women born in other Arab countries were less likely to discontinue breastfeeding than women born in Kuwait. Other factors positively associated with breastfeeding duration were level of maternal education, higher parity, infant being demand fed in hospital and a preference for breastfeeding on the part of the infant’s father and maternal grandmother. The introduction of a pacifier before four weeks of age and the mother intending to return to work by six months were negatively associated with duration. These findings present a number of opportunities for prolonging breastfeeding duration in Kuwait.

What Predicts Breast-Feeding Duration in Female Physicians?

Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life. Researchers surveyed 130 female residents and faculty physicians (65% surgical) from Florida and Baltimore to examine predictors of breast-feeding duration in the medical profession. Most participants (85%) had 1 or 2 children, and 15% had 3 or 4 children (total, 238 …

Infant feeding in Sweden: Socio-demographic determinants and associations with adiposity in childhood and adolescence

BackgroundRecent reviews and meta-analyses conclude that breastfeeding constitutes a small but consistent protective effect against obesity or higher values of body mass index (BMI) in children, though in some studies this effect was weakened after adjustment for potential confounders. The aim of this study was to explore the socio-demographic determinants of the duration of breastfeeding in Sweden and the associations between breastfeeding duration and adiposity in childhood and adolescence.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of Swedish children. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and the sum of five skin fold measurements were obtained in 1137 9- and 15-year old children. Breastfeeding data were retrospectively obtained from the medical records for 812 (71.4%) children. Multiple ordinal logistic regression was applied to study individual effects of the maternal characteristics on the duration of breastfeeding. The relationship between children's anthropometric characteristics and duration of breastfeeding was studied by multiple linear regression. Associations between the odds of being overweight or obese and the duration of breastfeeding were studied by multiple logistic regression. Both linear and logistic models were adjusted for children's age, gender, birth weight, maternal education and parental BMI in 1998 as well as maternal age and smoking status at childbirth.ResultsMaternal education was positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding in both 1983 and 1989. Non-smoking mothers were more likely to breastfeed longer than smokers in 1989 (OR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.3, 3.0). Fifteen-year old children breastfed for shorter than 2 months had 1.2 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.1, 2.4) higher BMI, 3.2 cm (95%CI: 0.2, 6.2) higher waist circumference and 10.6 mm (95%CI: 1.7, 19.6) higher sum of five skin fold measurements compared to those breastfed for 6 months or longer when adjusted for children's characteristics and maternal characteristics in 1998. Adjustment for maternal age and smoking status at childbirth weakened these associations to non-significant levels (0.9 kg/m2, 95%CI: -0.4, 2.1; 1.4 cm, 95%CI: -1.5, 4.4 and 5.1 mm, 95%CI: -4.0, 14.2, respectively). In the 9-year olds, the associations were less pronounced, but in the same direction. No trends between duration of breastfeeding and children's anthropometric characteristics were observed in any of the age groups.ConclusionMaternal education and smoking were significant predictors of breastfeeding duration in Sweden in the 1980s. Associations with measures of adiposity were observed only in 15-year old children between the children with shortest and longest breastfeeding duration, which were weakened after adjustment for maternal characteristics at childbirth.