Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder that affects over 400 million people worldwide. The deficit causes individuals susceptible to hemolysis during oxidative stress. In newborns, G6PD deficiency can lead to hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction, and kernicterus, making early detection and screening crucial. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of three rapid screening tests for G6PD deficiency in newborns: the fluorescent spot test (FST), G6PD rapid test kit, and SD Biosensor, using spectrophotometry as the gold standard. Materials and methods: Blood samples from 70 newborns were tested using these three methods. The diagnostic performances, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and efficiency of each method were analyzed. Results: Both the FST and G6PD rapid test kit exhibited higher specificity, PPV, and efficiency compared to the SD Biosensor. Nonetheless, the SD Biosensor exhibited superior sensitivity and NPV, but it was unable to identify G6PD activity in 16.4% of instances due to elevated hemoglobin concentrations. Conclusion: The FST and G6PD rapid test kit are reliable and suitable for G6PD deficiency screening in newborns, especially in settings with limited resources, due to their high efficiency, specificity, and rapid results. The SD Biosensor remains a valuable tool in clinical contexts requiring high sensitivity. For newborns with high hemoglobin levels, the FST or G6PD rapid test is recommended for accurate screening. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm the reliability of these tests in diverse populations.

Prognostic value of Nanopore sequencing-based metagenomics next-generation sequencing in clinical infectious cases: A retrospective observational study.

Attenuated learning rates for negative outcomes in substance use disorders: A replication and extension of prior longitudinal computational modeling results.

Feasibility and prognostic utility of laryngeal adductor reflex monitoring in anterior cervical spine surgery.

Diaphragm excursion as a predictor of noninvasive ventilation failure in the emergency department: A prospective study.

Assessing Ghanaian radiographers' competency in preliminary image evaluation: A pre- and post-test study.

Introduction: Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain is a frequent emergency presentation, associated with a wide range of possible differential diagnoses. While Ultrasonography (USG) is widely available and radiation-free, its diagnostic accuracy is limited by the patient’s habitus and bowel gas. Multi-slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) offers a comprehensive evaluation but comes with a higher cost and increased radiation exposure. Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT in adult patients with acute non-traumatic abdominal pain negative or inconclusive for USG. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India over a period of one year from June 2024 to July 2025. In this study, 81 adult patients who were referred for CT after an inconclusive/negative USG report underwent contrast-enhanced MSCT using a 128-slice scanner. CT findings were compared with surgical and histopathological outcomes when available, and with clinical follow up in conservatively managed cases. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV), as well as the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT in cases of non-traumatic acute abdominal pain were calculated. Results: The mean age was 41.3±15.8 years, out of which 47 (58%) patients were male. MSCT diagnosed 16 (25.9%) cases of pancreatitis, 7 (16%) cases of appendicitis, and 5 (13.6%) cases of ureteric calculi among the most common pathologies. Among the 47 patients who got operated, CT findings were concordant with intraoperative results in 37 (90.2%) patients and with histopathology in all 41 patients (100%). MSCT provided new or alternative diagnosis in 66 out of 81 (81%) cases, significantly altering the management plans. Conclusion: The prompt use of MSCT in cases of an acute abdomen with equivocal USG findings significantly improves diagnostic accuracy and ensures appropriate management, outweighing its higher cost and radiation risks.

Amoebic liver abscess (ALA) remains a major health burden in tropical regions. Our observational study evaluated the association between serum lipid profiles and disease severity in 118 patients with ALA. Patients were classified into uncomplicated and complicated ALA groups. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in ALA patients compared to controls and further reduced in complicated cases. HDL-C emerged as an independent predictor of complicated ALA and demonstrated better predictive value than conventional inflammatory markers such as total leucocyte count and C-reactive protein. Lower HDL-C levels were also linked to an increased need for percutaneous catheter drainage and longer hospital stay. Post-treatment assessments showed significant improvement in HDL-C levels. These findings suggest that HDL-C is a valuable, low-cost biomarker for assessing ALA severity and guiding clinical decisions, especially in resource-limited settings.

Comparison of Anatomical and Physiological Indices of Angiographically Intermediate Left Main Coronary Artery Stenoses.

Identification of Legionella anisa, Legionella longbeachae and Legionella pneumophila using MALDI-TOF MS: A method validation study with environmental isolates.

Trust your gut? Evaluating non-expert gastric ultrasound performance - A prospective observational cohort study.

Purpose To determine whether combining the arterial phase onset time to washout onset time interval (AWTI) with washout onset time improves the accuracy of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) and reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being misclassified as LR-M. Materials and Methods CEUS and clinical data from patients with focal liver lesions (FLLs), collected between January 2019 and October 2024, were retrospectively analyzed. The AWTI was calculated for all FLLs with washout < 60 seconds. A revised classification was proposed: (a) washout < 45 seconds + AWTI < 21 seconds for LR-M; and (b) washout ≥ 45 seconds + AWTI ≥ 21 seconds for LR-5. Diagnostic performance of the revised classification was compared with that of the standard LI-RADS with washout < 60 seconds (and ≥60 seconds). Results The study included 352 patients (median age, 56 years [IQR, 46-65]; 284 male), each with one FLL. Among HCCs, 75.9% exhibited washout ≥ 60 seconds. In contrast, 75.0% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, 52.0% of metastatic liver carcinomas, and 66.7% of other malignancies demonstrated washout < 45 seconds. Of benign FLLs, 12.8% showed washout ≥ 60 seconds. Among FLLs classified as LR-5, 92.6% were HCCs; among FLLs classified as LR-M, 41.8% were HCCs. The optimal AWTI cutoff to distinguish LR-M from LR-5 was 21 seconds. The revised LR-M (washout < 45 seconds + AWTI < 21 seconds) significantly increased the positive predictive value to 92.6% (P < .05). The revised LR-5 (washout ≥ 45 seconds + AWTI ≥ 21 seconds) significantly improved the sensitivity and negative predictive value to 89.0% and 87.0%, respectively (both P < .05). The diagnostic accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 88.4% and 0.88, respectively, despite slight decreases in the specificity and positive predictive value. Conclusion Combining washout onset time with AWTI as an alternative for standard washout onset time (<60 sec/≥60 sec) reduced misclassification of HCC and significantly improved the diagnostic performance of CEUS LI-RADS for LR-M and LR-5. Keywords: Ultrasound, Reconstruction Algorithms, Diagnosis, Classification, Ultrasound-Contrast, Abdomen/GI, Liver, Contrast Agents-Intravenous, Efficacy Studies, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound, Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, Washout Time Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2025 See also commentary by Hui and Chiang in this issue.

Bcl-2 binding component 3 (BBC3) as a precision biomarker in breast cancer.

Determination of Warner-Bratzler shear force thresholds for classifying meat tenderness of Kivircik lambs: A study in Türkiye.

Total knee radiomic feature atlas derived from magnetic resonance imaging segmentation: Insights into osteoarthritis incidence predictors.

A novel non-contact screening tool based on Vibraimage technology for detecting depressive disorder in psychiatric outpatients: A diagnostic accuracy study.

Immature platelet fraction in cardiology.

Intratumoral microbiome in breast cancer: A hidden player in tumor development, progression and treatment response.

Introduction: Non thyroidal neck lesions represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies arising from lymph nodes, salivary glands, softtissues, and other cervical structures. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive and cost-effective diagnostic tool, but its accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant lesions requires continuous evaluation against histopathology, the gold standard. Aim: To evaluate the spectrum of non thyroidal neck lesions using FNAC, categorise them cytologically, and assess the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC by correlating it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India from April 2024 to March 2025. A total of 210 consecutive cases of non thyroidal neck lesions underwent FNAC, of which 103 cases had subsequent histopathological evaluation. Cytological diagnoses were classified into inflammatory, benign, and malignant categories. Histopathological specimens were processed using routine paraffin embedding and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Concordance between FNAC and histopathology was assessed, and diagnostic indices—sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy—were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test (χ²) with IBM Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics Version 25.0. Results: Of the 210 cases, 115 (54.76%) were inflammatory, 51 (24.29%) benign, and 44 (20.95%) malignant. Histopathological correlation in 103 cases revealed 21 inflammatory (20.4%), 51 benign neoplastic (49.5%), and 31 malignant neoplastic (30.1%) lesions. FNAC–histopathology concordance was 92.2% (95/103), with discordance in 7.8% (8/103). Diagnostic performance metrics were: sensitivity 92.68%, specificity 90.48%, PPV 97.43%, NPV 76.00%, and overall diagnostic accuracy 92.23%. Conclusion: FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific preliminary diagnostic modality for non thyroidal neck lesions, showing excellent concordance with histopathology. While it can reliably guide initial clinical management, histopathological confirmation remains essential in inconclusive or suspicious cases.

Feasibility of Transcutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy for Base of the Tongue and Floor of the Mouth Lesions: A retrospective study.