Precoding Technology Research Articles

Linear digital precoding technology in massive multiple input multiple output wireless communication system

Linear digital precoding technology in massive multiple input multiple output wireless communication system

Q-Band MMW Transmission Enabled by Joint Probabilistic Shaping and Precoding With MZM-Based OCS Modulation

In this letter, we propose a novel and straightforward scheme for Q-band (33-50GHz) millimeter-wave signal generation enabled by a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM)-based joint algorithm, which combines probabilistic shaping (PS) and precoding technology, to enhance the anti-interference ability of the transmission system. Based on the proposed scheme, we experimentally demonstrate the generation and transmission of 1.4-Gbaud 46-GHz PS-16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (PS-16QAM) vector signals, showcasing improved bit-error-ratio (BER) in both standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and wireless transmission cases. The proposed scheme exhibits a clear advantage in terms of nonlinear interference suppression and satisfies the hard-decision forward-error-correction (HD-FEC) threshold with a BER of 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> in radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems.

Multifrequency Vector Mm-Wave Signal Generation with No Optical Filtering Based on One Dual-Arm MZM with Phase Factor Optimization

In order to reduce the number of devices in and cost of a multifrequency vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal generation system, we propose a novel scheme for multifrequency vector mm-wave signal generation based on one dual-arm Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) without optical filtering. This scheme utilizes the carrier suppression modulation of a single modulator, without the need for optical filtering and combines precoding technology to generate high-frequency QPSK and 16 QAM mm-wave signals. The transmitter is applied with precoding technology to make the frequency multiplying vector mm-wave signal display regular vector modulation at the receiver, and the system is optimized with a phase factor to ensure that the phase distribution of QPSK signal at the receiver is symmetrical. We demonstrated the generation of 4-Gbaud 76 GHz QPSK and 16 QAM vector mm-wave signals through simulation. The simulation results show that, at a fiber transmission distance of 12 km, when the launched optical power of the PD is greater than −20.535 dBm, the bit error ratio (BER) of the QPSK signal is lower than the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3. At a fiber transmission distance of 10 km, when the launched optical power of the PD is greater than −18.637 dBm, the BER of 16 QAM signal is also lower than 3.8 × 10−3.

Study on Cooperative Multipoint Communication Precoding Algorithm under SLNR-MMSE Framework

With the rapid growth of demand for wireless data services and the continuous introduction of new air interface technologies, mobile communication systems continue to face new challenges in supporting high-speed multimedia service transmission and achieving seamless coverage. In order to meet the requirements of the IMS system in terms of bandwidth, peak rate, communication throughput, etc., multiantenna enhancement technology and cooperative multipoint transmission technology have become research hotspots as key technologies. In the study of multiuser system, this paper focuses on the precoding technology based on noncode book, based on the minimum mean square error criterion and the maximum letter leakage noise ratio criterion, studies the precoding technology of different multiuser systems, expounds the collaborative multipoint transmission system, and makes a basic classification. The signal leakage-to-noise ratio precoding algorithm and the minimum mean square error precoding algorithm are analyzed in detail. In view of the shortcomings of these two algorithms, this paper takes the minimum sum of the total mean square error of the system as the optimization goal of the combinations of precoding and power allocation. The precoding algorithm of SLNR-MMSE is proposed. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed algorithm has certain advantages over other algorithms in terms of bit error rate and system capacity. It shows that this study is important for optimizing collaborative multipoint communication system.

Analysis on the Reform and Development of College Physical Education Teaching Service under the Background of 5G Internet Communication

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) made it possible for technology to communicate physical education by connecting cost-effective heterogeneous devices and digital applications to uncontrolled and accessible environments. This study explores the reforms and development of college physical education teaching services under the background of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology. The data channel algorithm and the Internet of things (IoT) resource allocation algorithm for deep reinforcement learning are adopted to analyze the physical education reform in colleges. The application scenario of the IoT, the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) precoding technology, and the repeated lifting coverage of transmission time interval (TTI) in data transmission are examined based on the downlink system of the Un-narrow Band Internet of Things (U-NB-IoT). Moreover, the resource allocation problem under the access of massive IoT devices is solved through the deep reinforcement learning framework. Results show that quality of service is difficult to measure the communication network centered on the integration of teachers and students, while the quality of experience can make teachers and students feel satisfied. Moreover, quality of experience can measure the quality of service by the satisfaction of teachers and students to experience teaching resources. The resource allocation algorithm proposed can improve the experience of teachers and students using teaching resources, make the satisfaction of teachers and students reach the ideal value, further optimize the traditional problems existing in teaching, and improve the quality of students in all aspects.

An Efficient Machine Learning Based Precoding Algorithm for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO

Millimeter wave communication works in the 30–300 GHz frequency range, and can obtain a very high bandwidth, which greatly improves the transmission rate of the communication system and becomes one of the key technologies of fifth-generation (5G). The smaller wavelength of the millimeter wave makes it possible to assemble a large number of antennas in a small aperture. The resulting array gain can compensate for the path loss of the millimeter wave. Utilizing this feature, the millimeter wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system uses a large antenna array at the base station. It enables the transmission of multiple data streams, making the system have a higher data transmission rate. In the millimeter wave massive MIMO system, the precoding technology uses the state information of the channel to adjust the transmission strategy at the transmitting end, and the receiving end performs equalization, so that users can better obtain the antenna multiplexing gain and improve the system capacity. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm based on machine learning (ML) for effective system performance in mmwave massive MIMO systems. The main idea is to optimize the adaptive connection structure to maximize the received signal power of each user and correlate the RF chain and base station antenna. Simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm effectively improved the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency and complexity as compared with existing algorithms.

The Research of STBC in MIMO System

MIMO technology refers to the use of multiple transmitting antennas and multiple receiving antennas to improve the quality of information transmission. MIMO technology includes space-time coding, channel modeling, channel estimation, and other technologies. This paper mainly studies the space-time coding technology and precoding technology in the MIMO system through Matlab. First, the Alamouti coding is extended to the MIMO system with more transmitting and receiving antennas. This way can get a space-time block code. Finally, this paper will introduce the precoding technology and compare it with simulation analysis by simulating and analyzing its bit error performance.

Research on anti-pilot contamination in massive MIMO

In order for the pre-coding technology to suppress the influence of pilot contamination, a hybrid pre-coding scheme is proposed in this paper by combining a full-digital pre-coding technology and an analog beamforming in the context of current massive MIMO. Simulation results show that the proposed pre-coding scheme effectively suppresses the pilot contamination while reducing the system structure complexity and ensuring the system’s basic performance, which is of important significance in practical communication applications.

Precoded OVSB-OFDM transmission system using DML with Kramers-Kronig receiver

Different from the use of IQ modulator or a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator, we investigate an optical vestigial sideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OVSB-OFDM) transmission system using a low-cost directly modulated laser. Precoding techniques and Kramers-Kronig (KK) algorithm are employed to enhance the bit error rate (BER) performance. The KK receiver is applied to eliminate the signal-signal beat interference caused by the square-law detection of the photodetector. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and orthogonal circulant matrix transform (OCT) precoding techniques can effectively average the signal-to-noise ratio over the data-carrying subcarriers and improve the BER performance. Through numerical simulation, we discuss the relationship between the order and center frequency of the optical filter and the carrier signal power ratio (CSPR). Furthermore, we study the influence of the KK algorithm and precoding techniques on receiver sensitivity under different transmission distances. The results show that both KK algorithm and precoding technologies can improve receiver sensitivity and extend the transmission distance. The performance of DFT precoding is better than that of OCT precoding. When there is no KK algorithm, the transmission distance of OCT precoding or no precoding is only 20 km at the BER of 3.8e-3; while DFT precoding can extend the transmission distance up to 60 km. With the help of the KK algorithm, OCT precoding and DFT precoding can further extend the transmission distance by up to 40 and 60 km, respectively, compared to the DFT precoding and without the KK algorithm case. The DFT precoding with the KK algorithm can improve the receiver sensitivity of more than 7 dB in terms of received optical power, compared to the no precoding and without the KK algorithm case.

Research on energy efficiency of massive MIMO system based on maximum ratio transmission precoding antenna grouping technology

Research on energy efficiency of massive MIMO system based on maximum ratio transmission precoding antenna grouping technology

Unified IRS-Aided MIMO Transceiver Designs via Majorization Theory

In this paper, we develop a unified framework for IRS-aided transceiver designs under general power constraints in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems which implement interference (pre-)subtraction via Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) or Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) technologies. Armed with majorization theory, two fundamental classes of performance criteria, namely $K$ -increasing Schur-concave and Schur-convex functions of the logarithm of Mean Square Error (MSE) of the data stream, are investigated in depth. Firstly, we propose a simplified counterpart of the optimal transceiver design under general power constraints, with equivalence guaranteed by Pareto optimization theory and Lagrange duality. Moreover, the optimal semi-closed form solution to this simplified transceiver design can be attained using the modified subgradient method. Next, we prove that for any Schur-concave objective, the optimal nonlinear THP (DFE) design is in essence the linear precoding (equalization). For any Schur-convex objective, the optimal transceiver design results in individual data streams with equal MSEs, and thereby reduces to the Gaussian mutual information maximization based design. Based on the above conclusions, we further propose an efficient alternating optimization algorithm to decouple the optimization of the transmit precoder and the IRS reflection coefficients, where the classical successive convex approximation (SCA) technique is applied to fight against non-convex subproblems. From the low computational complexity perspective, a two-stage scheme is also developed inspired by the capability of the IRS in constructing favorable wireless links. Finally, numerical results show the global optimality of the modified subgradient method and the excellent performance of the proposed alternating optimization algorithm and two-stage scheme.

A user matching and power allocation scheme for downlink MIMO-NOMA communication system

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) combined with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can greatly increase the system throughput, but it will cause additional interference. Generally, the interference can be eliminated by utilizing the precoding technology. The previous studies preferentially focused on the channel difference between users, and neglected the lowly correlated scenarios, leading to the decline of users’ throughput. A low-complexity user matching and power allocation scheme is proposed for such scenarios. Firstly, users with higher channel correlations are matched, and the remaining users are matched in terms of channel difference. Furthermore, the objective function is established to maximize the system throughput while assuring users’ quality of service (QoS). Eventually, with the objective function in the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions being solved, the power allocation factors are achieved. The simulation results quantify that the proposed scheme has an advantage over the conventional MIMO-NOMA scheme.

Beam Tracking Particle Filter for Hybrid Beamforming and Precoding Systems

Because millimeter wave (mmWave) systems can span notably wide spectral bands, mmWave systems are expected to dominate fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. Due to the short wave-length of mmWave radiation, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can use massive antennas and precoding technology to overcome signal attenuation in mmWave channels. However, the cost and power consumption of radio frequency (RF) chains would increase substantially with the number of antennas. Hence, hybrid beamforming was proposed to reduce the number of RF chains in massive MIMO systems. Hybrid beamforming involves RF beamforming matrix construction and baseband precoding matrix derivation. This study focused on the design and implementation of an algorithm for the RF beamforming matrix construction for mobile environments. Accordingly, this study presents a mixture particle filter that exploits the temporal continuity of beam clusters in a mobile mmWave channel to reduce the computational complexity of RF beamforming matrix construction. Moreover, this beam-tracking particle filter is based on parallel processing architecture to support the tracking of multiple beam clusters in the mmWave channel. Finally, the beam-tracking particle filter was implemented on a field-programmable gate array platform and was verified in a hybrid beamforming system for mmWave MIMO systems. The particle filter processor achieved a maximal throughput of 9.198k matrices/s with a clock rate of 192 MHz, which could support a speed of up to 88.5 km/h for mobile users.

Research on Massive MIMO Key Technology in 5G

The fifth generation mobile communication network (5G) has received extensive attention and a lot of research from global enterprises, research institutes and universities. massive MIMO technology is considered as an important technology in future 5G, mainly used to improve the spectrum utilization and channel capacity of communication system. This paper analyses in detail the standardization process of MIMO technology and the technical advantages of massive MIMO. It mainly applies scenarios, and then introduces from the perspective of channel measurement and channel modelling. It analyses the channel estimation technology, pre-coding technology and signal detection technology in massive MIMO system and makes a summary finally.

A Novel Adaptive Hybrid Truncation Precoding Strategy in Massive MIMO

The adaptive precoding technology is low-complexity precoding strategy based on a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in wireless communication. Such technique requires an accurate estimation of the SNR at the receiver, so that the transmitter can change the communication precoding method based on the value of the SNR. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the precoding, a new strategy can optimize the complexity of precoding through SNR when the number of antennas is large. The truncation algorithm is used to optimize the precoding strategy. This strategy selects a particular precoding under different SNR values.

A Novel Multi-User Codebook Design for 5G in 3D-MIMO Heterogeneous Networks

The 2D precoding technology can only adjust the beam in a horizontal direction through data processing, which will cause serious problems for multiuser systems, especially at the edge of the base station it will cause serious inter-cell interference. To solve this problem, in the frequency-division duplex (FDD) 3D-MIMO Heterogeneous network system, the influence of feedback overhead on system performance under limited feedback mechanism is studied using random geometry. Based on the deployment of a uniform planar array (UPA) at the base station, a 3D-MIMO multiuser codebook design scheme based on horizontal transmission angle and the vertical down-tilt angle is proposed, and the codebook design scheme is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the feedback overhead and the micro base station density affect the system throughput and even affect the bit error rate (BER) of the 3D precoding scheme. Compared with the precoding scheme based on 2D and 3D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebooks, this scheme greatly reduces the system’s BER, improves the system’s throughput, and optimizes system performance.

Research on Downlink Precoding for Interference Cancellation in Massive MIMO Heterogeneous UDN

In order to solve the data surge brought by largescale increasing of mobile de-vices, Massive MIMO ultra dense networking can greatly improve the system spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. It plays an important role in coping with the exponential growth of the business, but also brought big problems and challenges. For heterogeneous ultra dense networks, both macro and femto users are facing with both the cross-layer interference and co-layer in-terference. The precoding technology studied in this paper resolves the cross-layer interference and co-layer interference for macro users and femto users, and lays a theoretical foundation for the deployment of heterogeneous and ultra dense networks.

Research on the Pre-coding Technology of Broadcast Stage in Multi-user MIMO System

For the poor transmission reliability of data, this paper focuses on the precoding techniques of the multi-user MIMO system in the broadcast phase in, and the single-user MIMO and multi-user MIMO precoding techniques have been studied. In the multi-user MIMO system, BD-MMSE-VP coding algorithm is proposed to improve the BER performance of the system by using the MMSE criterion to optimize the perturbation vector, and the system uses QR technique to decompose BD channel matrix. Simulation results verify the effective of the proposed precoding algorithm.

The advanced progress of precoding technology in 5g system

With the development of technology, people began to put forward higher requirements for the mobile system, the emergence of the 5G subvert the track of the development of mobile communication technology. In the research of the core technology of 5G mobile communication, large scale MIMO, and precoding technology is a research hotspot. At present, the research on precoding technology in 5G system analyzes the various methods of linear precoding, the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding algorithm, zero forcing (ZF) precoding algorithm, minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoding algorithm based on maximum signal to leakage and noise ratio (SLNR). Precoding algorithms are analyzed and summarized in detail. At the same time, we also do some research on nonlinear precoding methods, such as dirty paper precoding, THP precoding algorithm and so on. Through these analysis, we can find the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm, as well as the development trend of each algorithm, grasp the development of the current 5G system precoding technology. Therefore, the research results and data of this paper can be used as reference for the development of precoding technology in 5G system.

Frequency-agile vector signal generation based on optical frequency comb and pre-coding

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of frequency-agile vector signals based on an optical frequency comb (OFC) and unbalanced pre-coding technology by employing a dual-driven Mach-Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM) and an intensity modulator (IM). The OFC is generated by the DD-MZM and sent to the IM as a carrier. The IM is driven by a 5 GHz 2 Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) vector signal with unbalanced pre-coding. The −1st order sideband of one OFC line and the +1st order sideband of another OFC line are selected by a programmable pulse shaper (PPS), after square-low photodiode detection, the frequency-agile vector signal can be obtained. The results show that the 2 Gbaud QPSK vector signals at 30 GHz, 50 GHz, 70 GHz and 90 GHz can be generated by only pre-coding once. It is possible to achieve a bit-error-rate (BER) below 1e-3 for wireless transmissions over 0.5 m using this method.