Pre-attentive Change Detection Research Articles

Attention deficits revealed by passive auditory change detection for pure tones and lexical tones in ADHD children.

Inattention (IA) has been a major problem in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), accounting for their behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. However, there are at least three processing steps underlying attentional control for auditory change detection, namely pre-attentive change detection, involuntary attention orienting, and attention reorienting for further evaluation. This study aimed to examine whether children with ADHD would show deficits in any of these subcomponents by using mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and late discriminative negativity (LDN) as event-related potential (ERP) markers, under the passive auditory oddball paradigm. Two types of stimuli—pure tones and Mandarin lexical tones—were used to examine if the deficits were general across linguistic and non-linguistic domains. Participants included 15 native Mandarin-speaking children with ADHD and 16 age-matched controls (across groups, age ranged between 6 and 15 years). Two passive auditory oddball paradigms (lexical tones and pure tones) were applied. The pure tone oddball paradigm included a standard stimulus (1000 Hz, 80%) and two deviant stimuli (1015 and 1090 Hz, 10% each). The Mandarin lexical tone oddball paradigm’s standard stimulus was /yi3/ (80%) and two deviant stimuli were /yi1/ and /yi2/ (10% each). The results showed no MMN difference, but did show attenuated P3a and enhanced LDN to the large deviants for both pure and lexical tone changes in the ADHD group. Correlation analysis showed that children with higher ADHD tendency, as indexed by parents’ and teachers’ ratings on ADHD symptoms, showed less positive P3a amplitudes when responding to large lexical tone deviants. Thus, children with ADHD showed impaired auditory change detection for both pure tones and lexical tones in both involuntary attention switching, and attention reorienting for further evaluation. These ERP markers may therefore be used for the evaluation of anti-ADHD drugs that aim to alleviate these dysfunctions.

Automatic Pre-Attentive Auditory Responses: MMN to Tone Burst Frequency Changes in Autistic School-Age Children.

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that includes deficits in socialization, communication, and adaptive functioning. The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of evoked response potentials that reflects pre-attentive change detection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a group of autistic school-age children had abnormal changes in auditory MMN and to analyze and compare the results with an age-matched group of normal children. This prospective study was carried out on 31 autistic school-age children. Thirty age-, gender-, and IQ-matched children served as a control group. The children were evaluated through diagnostic procedures that included psychometric and speech language tests and audiological assessments. Auditory MMNs were recorded from all participants, and the peak amplitudes and latencies were measured. The mean ages were 11.3±2.8 and 11.2±3.2 years for the autistic and normal children, respectively. The MMN amplitudes obtained from the two groups were found to be statistically significantly different. The MMN amplitudes were reduced, and latencies were prolonged in autistic versus normal children. Our results suggest that children with autism do have auditory changes at the level measured by MMN, mainly pre-attentive response, which argues for a doubt on affection of the supposed origin of auditory MMN in those children.

Gender differences in pre-attentive change detection for visual but not auditory stimuli

ObjectiveDespite ongoing debate about gender differences in pre-attention processes, little is known about gender effects on change detection for auditory and visual stimuli. We explored gender differences in change detection while processing duration information in auditory and visual modalities. MethodWe investigated pre-attentive processing of duration information using a deviant-standard reverse oddball paradigm (50ms/150ms) for auditory and visual mismatch negativity (aMMN and vMMN) in males and females (n=21/group). ResultIn the auditory modality, decrement and increment aMMN were observed at 150–250ms after the stimulus onset, and there was no significant gender effect on MMN amplitudes in temporal or fronto-central areas. In contrast, in the visual modality, only increment vMMN was observed at 180–260ms after the onset of stimulus, and it was higher in males than in females. ConclusionNo gender effect was found in change detection for auditory stimuli, but change detection was facilitated for visual stimuli in males. SignificanceGender effects should be considered in clinical studies of pre-attention for visual stimuli.

Gender effect on pre-attentive change detection in major depressive disorder patients revealed by auditory MMN

Gender differences in rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are well established, but gender differences in cognitive function have been little studied. Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) was used to investigate gender differences in pre-attentive information processing in first episode MDD. In the deviant-standard reverse oddball paradigm, duration auditory MMN was obtained in 30 patients (15 males) and 30 age-/education-matched controls. Over frontal-central areas, mean amplitude of increment MMN (to a 150-ms deviant tone) was smaller in female than male patients; there was no sex difference in decrement MMN (to a 50-ms deviant tone). Neither increment nor decrement MMN differed between female and male patients over temporal areas. Frontal-central MMN and temporal MMN did not differ between male and female controls in any condition. Over frontal-central areas, mean amplitude of increment MMN was smaller in female patients than female controls; there was no difference in decrement MMN. Neither increment nor decrement MMN differed between female patients and female controls over temporal areas. Frontal-central MMN and temporal MMN did not differ between male patients and male controls. Mean amplitude of increment MMN in female patients did not correlate with symptoms, suggesting this sex-specific deficit is a trait- not a state-dependent phenomenon.

The role of auditory transient and deviance processing in distraction of task performance: a combined behavioral and event-related brain potential study

Distraction of goal-oriented performance by a sudden change in the auditory environment is an everyday life experience. Different types of changes can be distracting, including a sudden onset of a transient sound and a slight deviation of otherwise regular auditory background stimulation. With regard to deviance detection, it is assumed that slight changes in a continuous sequence of auditory stimuli are detected by a predictive coding mechanisms and it has been demonstrated that this mechanism is capable of distracting ongoing task performance. In contrast, it is open whether transient detection—which does not rely on predictive coding mechanisms—can trigger behavioral distraction, too. In the present study, the effect of rare auditory changes on visual task performance is tested in an auditory-visual cross-modal distraction paradigm. The rare changes are either embedded within a continuous standard stimulation (triggering deviance detection) or are presented within an otherwise silent situation (triggering transient detection). In the event-related brain potentials, deviants elicited the mismatch negativity (MMN) while transients elicited an enhanced N1 component, mirroring pre-attentive change detection in both conditions but on the basis of different neuro-cognitive processes. These sensory components are followed by attention related ERP components including the P3a and the reorienting negativity (RON). This demonstrates that both types of changes trigger switches of attention. Finally, distraction of task performance is observable, too, but the impact of deviants is higher compared to transients. These findings suggest different routes of distraction allowing for the automatic processing of a wide range of potentially relevant changes in the environment as a pre-requisite for adaptive behavior.

Rhythmic and melodic deviations in musical sequences recruit different cortical areas for mismatch detection

The mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential (ERP) representing the violation of an acoustic regularity, is considered as a pre-attentive change detection mechanism at the sensory level on the one hand and as a prediction error signal on the other hand, suggesting that bottom-up as well as top-down processes are involved in its generation. Rhythmic and melodic deviations within a musical sequence elicit a MMN in musically trained subjects, indicating that acquired musical expertise leads to better discrimination accuracy of musical material and better predictions about upcoming musical events. Expectation violations to musical material could therefore recruit neural generators that reflect top-down processes that are based on musical knowledge. We describe the neural generators of the musical MMN for rhythmic and melodic material after a short-term sensorimotor-auditory (SA) training. We compare the localization of musical MMN data from two previous MEG studies by applying beamformer analysis. One study focused on the melodic harmonic progression whereas the other study focused on rhythmic progression. The MMN to melodic deviations revealed significant right hemispheric neural activation in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal cortex (IFC), and the superior frontal (SFG) and orbitofrontal (OFG) gyri. IFC and SFG activation was also observed in the left hemisphere. In contrast, beamformer analysis of the data from the rhythm study revealed bilateral activation within the vicinity of auditory cortices and in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), an area that has recently been implied in temporal processing. We conclude that different cortical networks are activated in the analysis of the temporal and the melodic content of musical material, and discuss these networks in the context of the dual-pathway model of auditory processing.

Impaired pre-attentive change detection in major depressive disorder patients revealed by auditory mismatch negativity

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show deficits in cognitive functions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pre-attentive information processing in MDD patients are poorly understood. The present study investigated whether MDD patients have impairments in pre-attentive information processing indexed by auditory mismatch negativity (MMN). The deviant-standard reverse oddball paradigm was used to obtain the memory-comparison-based duration auditory MMN in 24 MDD patients and 24 healthy control subjects. Over the frontal–central area, MDD patients exhibited decreased MMN amplitudes only for the increment condition (150-ms MMN), whereas the temporal MMN did not differ between MDD patients and healthy subjects, regardless of the increment or decrement (50-ms MMN) condition. The MMN amplitudes were not correlated with depression symptoms. In addition, the peak latency of MMN amplitudes was longer in the MDD patients than the control subjects. These data indicate that pre-attentive information processing is impaired in MDD patients. This dysfunction may represent a trait of MDD patients rather than a state-dependent phenomenon.

Perceptual expertise affects pre-attentive change detection of visual features

Perceptual expertise affects pre-attentive change detection of visual features

Effects of alcohol on auditory pre-attentive processing of four sound features: evidence from mismatch negativity

Studies have shown that alcohol could impair automatic pre-attentive change detection. However, several earlier studies which investigated alcohol-induced effects on single auditory feature independently were different from each other on the results. Meanwhile, only few auditory features have been investigated yet. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate effects of alcohol on multiple auditory features in one experiment. This study investigates the effects of alcohol on automatic pre-attentive change detection of four kinds of auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration) in one experiment. This study, using multi-feature oddball paradigm, compares and analyzes mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by four kinds of auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration), of 12 participants, under alcohol (0.65 g/kg) and non-alcohol condition. Compared to non-alcohol condition, amplitudes of all the four MMN types significantly declined under alcohol condition, and their amplitude decline ratios decreased as deviant magnitude became larger. Latencies of frequency and intensity MMN were delayed while latencies of location and duration MMN were not delayed significantly. Alcohol impaired automatic pre-attentive change detection of all the four auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration). However, the alcohol-induced impairment magnitude on automatic pre-attentive detection of the four auditory features was different from each other. According to analysis of amplitude, frequency seems to be affected most among the four auditory features. According to analysis of latency, only frequency and intensity were affected.

Effects of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 3 Genotype on Phonetic Mismatch Negativity

BackgroundThe genetic and molecular basis of glutamatergic dysfunction is one key to understand schizophrenia, with the identification of an intermediate phenotype being an essential step. Mismatch negativity (MMN) or its magnetic counterpart, magnetic mismatch field (MMF) is an index of preattentive change detection processes in the auditory cortex and is generated through glutamatergic neurotransmission. We have previously shown that MMN/MMF in response to phoneme change is markedly reduced in schizophrenia. Variations in metabotropic glutamate receptor (GRM3) may be associated with schizophrenia, and has been shown to affect cortical function. Here we investigated the effect of GRM3 genotypes on phonetic MMF in healthy men.MethodsMMF in response to phoneme change was recorded using magnetoencephalography in 41 right-handed healthy Japanese men. Based on previous genetic association studies in schizophrenia, 4 candidate SNPs (rs6465084, rs2299225, rs1468412, rs274622) were genotyped.Results GRM3 rs274622 genotype variations significantly predicted MMF strengths (p = 0.009), with C carriers exhibiting significantly larger MMF strengths in both hemispheres compared to the TT subjects.ConclusionsThese results suggest that variations in GRM3 genotype modulate the auditory cortical response to phoneme change in humans. MMN/MMF, particularly those in response to speech sounds, may be a promising and sensitive intermediate phenotype for clarifying glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Dysfunction of Preattentive Visual Information Processing Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder characterized by depressed mood and inability to experience pleasure. Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been established as a correlate of preattentive change detection. In this study, preattentive processing of visual information in MDD patients was investigated using visual MMN (vMMN), and an abnormal vMMN was predicted in depressed patients relative to healthy participants because of dysfunction at the preattentive level. The processes underlying vMMN in MDD patients were also explored, and memory-based comparison preattentive processing was hypothesized to be impaired in MDD patients. Subjects included 14 medication-free patients (41.4 ± 12.6 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and 14 age-matched healthy volunteers (41.7 ± 17.5 years). vMMN was investigated using event-related potentials. The protocol used both an equiprobable sequence and a traditional oddball sequence, and three kinds of difference waves (i.e., deviant-minus-standard, deviant-minus-control, and control-minus-standard) were investigated. Mean amplitudes and peak latencies were subjected to repeated-measures analysis of variance. Although MDD patients showed no reduction in the oddball-vMMN (deviant-minus-standard), they showed a significantly decreased deviant-minus-control difference waves and a trend for an increased control-minus-standard difference waves compared with healthy participants. These data provide evidence for anomalous preattentive information processing in MDD patients. In particular, the abnormality may be due to an attenuated memory-based comparison process and an enhanced refractory process.

Automatic stimulus-change detection in the visual modality: an fMRI and ERPs study

Event Abstract Back to Event Automatic stimulus-change detection in the visual modality: an fMRI and ERPs study Marie Gomot1*, Marie-Hélène Giard2, Pierre Fonlupt2 and Nicole Bruneau1 1 INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, France 2 INSERM U821, France A number of studies now supports the existence of an automatic detection of deviancy in the visual system and therefore of a visual analog of the MMN (vMMN). However little is known about the brain generators involved in this processing. The present study was designed to localize in both time and space the brain activations elicited by unattended visual deviant stimuli by mean of fMRI and ERPs methods. Twelve healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. The first part of the experiment was an event-related fMRI paradigm in which stimuli consisted in the dynamic deformations of a circle (deviant, p=0.15), while a visual concurrent task was required. In the second part, subjects received the same stimulus sequence and performed the same task while their EEG was recorded. Electrophysiological results showed a vMMN over posterior sites at around 200 ms together with a frontal negative field. SCD maps allowed distinguishing between two posterior sinks on each hemiscalp, located over parietal and over occipital sites. Changes in BOLD response were evidenced bilaterally in different regions of the occipital cortex when deviant stimuli were presented, but also in the superior parietal and right middle frontal gyri. This study allowed to evidence regional brain activity associated with passive detection of infrequently occurring visual deviant stimuli. Electrophysiological mapping and fMRI results showed activity in the modality-specific sensory cortex, but also in non specific areas involved in preattentional processing of changing events. Moreover, these findings suggest the involvement of both the ventral and the dorsal visual pathway during such preattentive change-detection processing. Keywords: Cognition, EEG, fMRI Conference: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI), Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 25 Sep - 29 Sep, 2011. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Sessions: Neurophysiology of Cognition and Attention Citation: Gomot M, Giard M, Fonlupt P and Bruneau N (2011). Automatic stimulus-change detection in the visual modality: an fMRI and ERPs study. Conference Abstract: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2011.207.00449 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Nov 2011; Published Online: 28 Nov 2011. * Correspondence: Dr. Marie Gomot, INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France, gomot@univ-tours.fr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Marie Gomot Marie-Hélène Giard Pierre Fonlupt Nicole Bruneau Google Marie Gomot Marie-Hélène Giard Pierre Fonlupt Nicole Bruneau Google Scholar Marie Gomot Marie-Hélène Giard Pierre Fonlupt Nicole Bruneau PubMed Marie Gomot Marie-Hélène Giard Pierre Fonlupt Nicole Bruneau Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Acute dopamine and/or serotonin depletion does not modulate mismatch negativity (MMN) in healthy human participants

Schizophrenia is commonly associated with impairments in pre-attentive change detection, as represented by reduced mismatch negativity (MMN). While the neurochemical basis of MMN has been linked to N-methyl-D: -aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor function, the roles of the dopaminergic and/or the serotonergic systems are not fully explored in humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acutely depleting dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) alone or simultaneously by depleting their amino acid precursors on MMN in healthy participants. Sixteen healthy male subjects participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design in which each subject's duration MMN was assessed under four acute treatment conditions separated by a 5-day washout period: balanced amino acid control (no depletion), tyrosine/phenylalanine depletion (to reduce DA neurotransmission), tryptophan depletion (to reduce 5-HT neurotransmission) and tryptophan/tyrosine/phenylalanine depletion (to reduce DA and 5-HT neurotransmission simultaneously). Acute depletion of either DA and 5-HT alone or simultaneously had no effect on MMN. These findings suggest that modulation of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems acutely does not lead to changes in MMN.

Neural process underlying gap detection for spectrally rich and asymmetrical markers

Processing of silent gaps of the order of milliseconds is crucial in speech perception. To investigate such process, we compared gap detection for spectrally symmetrical, slightly or widely asymmetrical markers, using the mismatch negativity (MMN), an index of preattentive change detection in the brain. The slightly asymmetrical markers declined the MMN amplitude alone, but the widely asymmetrical markers affected both the MMN amplitude and latency, suggesting that the influence of spectrally asymmetrical markers on gap detection is not uniform across different magnitude of asymmetries. In contrast to the prevailing view, the MMN obtained indicated that the effects of marker asymmetry took place as early as at preattentive stage.

Unconscious effects of language-specific terminology on preattentive color perception

It is now established that native language affects one's perception of the world. However, it is unknown whether this effect is merely driven by conscious, language-based evaluation of the environment or whether it reflects fundamental differences in perceptual processing between individuals speaking different languages. Using brain potentials, we demonstrate that the existence in Greek of 2 color terms--ghalazio and ble--distinguishing light and dark blue leads to greater and faster perceptual discrimination of these colors in native speakers of Greek than in native speakers of English. The visual mismatch negativity, an index of automatic and preattentive change detection, was similar for blue and green deviant stimuli during a color oddball detection task in English participants, but it was significantly larger for blue than green deviant stimuli in native speakers of Greek. These findings establish an implicit effect of language-specific terminology on human color perception.

FMRI signs of involuntary and voluntary auditory attention

Event Abstract Back to Event fMRI signs of involuntary and voluntary auditory attention Kimmo A. Alho1* 1 Department of Psychology,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland The auditory-cortex component of mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential to deviant auditory events is evidently generated by pre-attentive change detection. The MMN component generated in the frontal cortex, in turn, has been associated with subsequent initiation of involuntary attention. An MMN to slightly deviant events is followed by a small positive P3a component, generated mainly in the auditory cortex. A larger P3a to widely deviant events, such as novel environmental sounds in a stream of tones, appears to get additional contributions from parietal and prefrontal cortices. These P3a responses have been related to actual switching of attention to and evaluation of the eliciting event. This has been supported by a decrease in performance speed or accuracy, or both, caused by task-irrelevant deviant auditory events eliciting MMN and P3a. Our recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that such distracting events are followed by enhanced activity in auditory, parietal, and prefrontal cortical areas. These areas partly overlap with those showing activity enhancements related to voluntary orienting and maintenance of attention and to subsequent task-related processes. Perhaps deviant auditory events distract performance in an attention demanding task due to this overlap. However, the overlap might be also due to attempts to fight against distraction and concentrate on task performance leading to enhanced task-related brain activity after a distracting auditory event. Whichever is the case, enhanced activity in the auditory, parietal and prefrontal cortices following deviant auditory events may contribute to MMN and P3a responses to these events. Conference: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications, Budapest, Hungary, 4 Apr - 7 Apr, 2009. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Symposium 6: Attention and consciousness Citation: Alho KA (2009). fMRI signs of involuntary and voluntary auditory attention. Conference Abstract: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.05.087 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Mar 2009; Published Online: 25 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Kimmo A Alho, Department of Psychology,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki,Espoo, Finland, kimmo.alho@helsinki.fi Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Kimmo A Alho Google Kimmo A Alho Google Scholar Kimmo A Alho PubMed Kimmo A Alho Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Event-related potentials to task-irrelevant changes in facial expressions

BackgroundNumerous previous experiments have used oddball paradigm to study change detection. This paradigm is applied here to study change detection of facial expressions in a context which demands abstraction of the emotional expression-related facial features among other changing facial features.MethodsEvent-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in adult humans engaged in a demanding auditory task. In an oddball paradigm, repeated pictures of faces with a neutral expression ('standard', p = .9) were rarely replaced by pictures with a fearful ('fearful deviant', p = .05) or happy ('happy deviant', p = .05) expression. Importantly, facial identities changed from picture to picture. Thus, change detection required abstraction of facial expression from changes in several low-level visual features.ResultsERPs to both types of deviants differed from those to standards. At occipital electrode sites, ERPs to deviants were more negative than ERPs to standards at 150–180 ms and 280–320 ms post-stimulus. A positive shift to deviants at fronto-central electrode sites in the analysis window of 130–170 ms post-stimulus was also found. Waveform analysis computed as point-wise comparisons between the amplitudes elicited by standards and deviants revealed that the occipital negativity emerged earlier to happy deviants than to fearful deviants (after 140 ms versus 160 ms post-stimulus, respectively). In turn, the anterior positivity was earlier to fearful deviants than to happy deviants (110 ms versus 120 ms post-stimulus, respectively).ConclusionERP amplitude differences between emotional and neutral expressions indicated pre-attentive change detection of facial expressions among neutral faces. The posterior negative difference at 150–180 ms latency resembled visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) – an index of pre-attentive change detection previously studied only to changes in low-level features in vision. The positive anterior difference in ERPs at 130–170 ms post-stimulus probably indexed pre-attentive attention orienting towards emotionally significant changes. The results show that the human brain can abstract emotion related features of faces while engaged to a demanding task in another sensory modality.

Temporal-frontal network underlying pre-attentive change detection: A lagged correlation path model of the event-related optical signal (EROS)

Event Abstract Back to Event Temporal-frontal network underlying pre-attentive change detection: A lagged correlation path model of the event-related optical signal (EROS) Chun Y. Tse1*, E. K. Ng2, T. Rinne3 and T. B. Penney2 1 University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, United States 2 National University of Singapore, Singapore 3 University of Helsinki, Finland Event-related potential (ERP), magnetic encephalogram (MEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that a temporal-frontal network is involved in pre-attentive change detection. The event-related optical signal (EROS) is an excellent tool to study the temporal dynamics of this putative network because it provides measures of neural activity with high temporal (milliseconds) and spatial (millimeters) resolution. In our previous EROS experiments, which used mean amplitude measures of the optical signal across participants, we consistently found a sequence of temporal and frontal cortex activations. However, we could not unequivocally conclude that the activation pattern was a consequence of temporal cortex activity preceding frontal cortex activity in all participants. In the present study, we applied a lagged correlation path model (a type of dynamic structural equation model - SEM) to study the correlation of temporal and frontal activations across time in the EROS data. The data was obtained in a typical MMN paradigm. Standard sounds (75 ms in duration) and infrequent deviant sounds (4% each; 15 ms - large deviant, 25 ms - medium deviant, and 35 ms - small deviant) were presented via headphones while the participants (N = 32) watched a video. Statistical brain maps of EROS results suggested temporal-frontal, frontal-temporal-frontal, and temporal-frontal activation sequences in large, medium, and small deviant conditions, respectively. Further analysis by lagged correlation path modeling revealed that the sequential activation patterns were found reliably across participants. The present results suggest that the activation of the temporal-frontal network is dynamically modulated depending on the magnitude of the sound change. Conference: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications, Budapest, Hungary, 4 Apr - 7 Apr, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Presentations Citation: Tse CY, Ng EK, Rinne T and Penney TB (2009). Temporal-frontal network underlying pre-attentive change detection: A lagged correlation path model of the event-related optical signal (EROS). Conference Abstract: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.05.097 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 26 Mar 2009; Published Online: 26 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Chun Y Tse, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, United States, ctse2@uiuc.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Chun Y Tse E. K Ng T. Rinne T. B Penney Google Chun Y Tse E. K Ng T. Rinne T. B Penney Google Scholar Chun Y Tse E. K Ng T. Rinne T. B Penney PubMed Chun Y Tse E. K Ng T. Rinne T. B Penney Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Hemispheric interactions during the pre-attentive change detection of different acoustic features in speech and non-speech sounds

Event Abstract Back to Event Hemispheric interactions during the pre-attentive change detection of different acoustic features in speech and non-speech sounds Caroline Jacquier1*, Rika Takegata2, S. Pakarinen2, T. Kujala2 and R. Näätänen2, 3, 4 1 CNRS UMR5596 and Université Louis Lumičre, France 2 Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland 3 Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia 4 Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience , Aarhus University, Denmark Human brain shows a functional hemispheric asymmetry for auditory processing. Different acoustic features activate the left and right hemispheres differently depending on their nature. In addition, speechness (speech vs. non-speech) may also influence the dominant hemisphere for processing the feature. Anomalous asymmetry for a certain acoustic feature, therefore, may provide a clue to identify the source of deteriorated speech perception. It was shown that dyslexic adults have an abnormal asymmetry of the efferent auditory pathways that may cause their difficulties in speech perception (e.g., voicing discrimination) (Jacquier, 2008). The present study examined the effects of the speechness (speech or non-speech) and the ear (left vs. right) of stimulation for pre-attentive change detection of four types of auditory features, using the mismatch negativity (MMN) as an index. Furthermore, speech and non-speech sounds were presented either alone (monaural condition) or in parallel (dichotic condition) to investigate possible interference effects. Speech and non-speech stimulus sequences each comprised a frequent sound (standard: S) and four types of infrequent sounds (deviant: D) that differed from the standard in one acoustic feature: duration, frequency, intensity, or vowel (or an equivalent temporal-spectral change in non-speech stimuli). The standard and the deviant stimuli appeared alternately in one sequence (e.g., S Dfrequency S Dduration S…), according to the multi-feature paradigm developed by Näätänen et al. (2004). In dichotic condition, speech and non-speech stimuli were presented alternately, with speech stimuli to the right ear and non-speech stimuli to the left ear. The stimulus-ear relation was reversed for half of the experiment. In monaural condition, either the speech or non-speech stimuli alone were presented to a single ear. Subjects watched silent films with subtitles and ignored the stimulus sounds. Speechness enhanced MMN amplitude for the vowel change but had no significant effect on the MMN for other features. In addition, the amplitude of the vowel-change MMN did not change between conditions although the overall MMN amplitude was significantly smaller in the dichotic than monaural condition. Whereas stimulation ear did not have influence on MMN amplitude in monaural condition, the left-ear stimuli elicited larger MMNs than right-ear in dichotic condition although this effect did not reach significant. The observed effects may reflect (1) the robustness of processing phonologically important features and (2) differential hemispheric interactions for the processing of different acoustic features embedded in speech and non-speech sounds. Conference: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications, Budapest, Hungary, 4 Apr - 7 Apr, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Presentations Citation: Jacquier C, Takegata R, Pakarinen S, Kujala T and Näätänen R (2009). Hemispheric interactions during the pre-attentive change detection of different acoustic features in speech and non-speech sounds. Conference Abstract: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.05.102 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 26 Mar 2009; Published Online: 26 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Caroline Jacquier, CNRS UMR5596 and Université Louis Lumičre, Lyon, France, caro_jacquier@yahoo.fr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Caroline Jacquier Rika Takegata S. Pakarinen T. Kujala R. Näätänen Google Caroline Jacquier Rika Takegata S. Pakarinen T. Kujala R. Näätänen Google Scholar Caroline Jacquier Rika Takegata S. Pakarinen T. Kujala R. Näätänen PubMed Caroline Jacquier Rika Takegata S. Pakarinen T. Kujala R. Näätänen Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Brain correlates of automatic stimulus-change detection in the visual modality: an fMRI study

Event Abstract Back to Event Brain correlates of automatic stimulus-change detection in the visual modality: an fMRI study Helen Clery1*, P. Fonlupt2, N. Bruneau1 and M. Gomot1 1 CNRS FRE 2448, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours, France 2 Inserm U821, Dynamique cérébrale et Cognition, Université Lyon I, France INTRODUCTION:Although the existence of an automatic detection of deviancy in the auditory system is recognized since several decades, the significance of its visual analog still contentious. Even if a number of studies support the presence of a visual MMN (vMMN), little is know about the brain generators involved in this processing. The present study was designed to localize the brain activations elicited by unattended visual deviant stimuli by fMRI. METHOD:Twelve healthy, right-handed adult volunteers participated in the study. The experiment consisted of an event-related fMRI paradigm in which stimuli consisted in the deformation of a circle into an ellipse either in the horizontal (standard) or in the vertical (deviant, p = 0,15) direction. In order to present the visual stimuli outside the focus of attention, a concurrent task was required in which subjects had to stare at the fixation cross and to respond to its random disappearance. RESULTS:Changes in BOLD response were evidenced bilaterally in different parts of the occipital cortex when deviant stimuli were presented to the subjects, but also in the superior parietal gyri and in the right frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION:This study allowed to evidence regional brain activity associated with passive detection of infrequently occurring visual deviant stimuli. Results showed activity in the modality-specific sensory cortex, but also in non specific areas involved in preattentional processing of changing events. Moreover these findings suggest the involvement of both the ventral and the dorsal visual pathway during such preattentive change-detection processing. Conference: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications, Budapest, Hungary, 4 Apr - 7 Apr, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Presentations Citation: Clery H, Fonlupt P, Bruneau N and Gomot M (2009). Brain correlates of automatic stimulus-change detection in the visual modality: an fMRI study. Conference Abstract: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.05.078 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Mar 2009; Published Online: 25 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Helen Clery, CNRS FRE 2448, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France, helen.clery@inserm.fr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Helen Clery P. Fonlupt N. Bruneau M. Gomot Google Helen Clery P. Fonlupt N. Bruneau M. Gomot Google Scholar Helen Clery P. Fonlupt N. Bruneau M. Gomot PubMed Helen Clery P. Fonlupt N. Bruneau M. Gomot Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.