Preadolescent Children Research Articles

Prevalence and psycho-social factors associated with alcohol use among primary school-going children aged 6 to 13 years in Mbale district, Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlcohol use among children in low-resource settings has received limited attention. This study investigated the prevalence of and biopsychosocial factors associated with alcohol use among children aged 6 to 13 years enrolled in primary education in Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study conducted in primary schools within Mbale district, employed stratified random sampling to select 470 child-parent dyads. Screening for child alcohol consumption utilized the validated Ugandan (Lumasaaba) version of the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) tool. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) was diagnosed using the AUD module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents (MINI KID). Logistic regression analysis explored associations between alcohol consumption (CRAFFT cut-off score: 1 or more) and biopsychosocial factors (age, sex, nutrition, family dynamics, socioeconomic indicators, and school environment). Data analysis utilized STATA-17 statistical software.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 11 years, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9 to 12 years and a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. The screened prevalence of alcohol consumption among the children in the past 12 months was 25.2% (95% CI: 21.4–29.4) and 7.2% (95% CI: 5.1–10.0) were diagnosed with AUD. The study found a comparable prevalence of alcohol use between boys (25.0%, 95% CI: 19.4–31.5) and girls (25.4%, 95% CI: 20.0-31.1). Age-specific variations indicated that early adolescents (10 to 13 years), were more likely to consume alcohol 28.1% (95% CI: 23.5–33.3) compared to pre-adolescent children (6 to 9 years) 17.6% (95% CI: 11.9–25.1) in the past 12 months. Factors associated with alcohol use included single-parent households, lower caregiver education, low socioeconomic status, maternal drinking, food insecurity, under-weight, physical discipline by parents, peer influence, rural school attendance, and the school environment.ConclusionThe prevalence of alcohol consumption among children in Mbale district, eastern Uganda was high with one-in-four primary-school-children aged 6 to 13 years consuming alcohol in the past year, and no significant gender differences. It highlights various interconnected factors associated with alcohol use among school-aged children. We recommend awareness campaigns at all levels, stricter implementation of alcohol policies, school prevention programs, and family-focused and socio-economic interventions. Nationwide school surveys should target pre-adolescent alcohol use.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Regular Dart Training on Visual Perception and Attention Level in Pre-Adolescent Children.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of dart exercises on the visual perception and attention parameters of pre-adolescent students. Methods: This study included 40 pre-adolescent secondary school students (n = 20 participants in the exercise group [10 girls and 10 boys] and n = 20 participants in the control group [10 girls and 10 boys]). A pre-test of visual perception and attention was conducted prior to the start of the structured dart exercise program, which lasted 12 weeks. The exercises were performed three days a week, with each session lasting 90 min. After 12 weeks, the visual perception and d2 attention tests were administered to both the exercise and control groups. Repeated measures 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group × time) was conducted for statistical analysis. Results: The results show that there was a statistically significant difference in the group × time interaction for the parameters of visual perception, focusing (E2), concentration (CP), and attention level (TN-E) (p < 0.05) Conversely, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters of psychomotor speed (TN) and selective attention (E1) (p > 0.05). In addition to the pre- and post-test scores of the control and exercise groups, it was observed that the exercise group scores showed a significant improvement compared with the control group. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that dart exercises can improve the visual perception and attention levels of pre-adolescent secondary school students. These results have implications for the use of dart exercises as a potential cognitive training tool in this age group. Further research could explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of such a program.

Self-rated health in preadolescents as a predictor for prescription redemption and hospital contacts

Abstract Background The decline in self-rated health among children and adolescents raises concerns for their overall well-being and future health outcomes. We examined whether self-rated health in preadolescence predicts both psychiatric and somatic prescription redemption and hospital contacts in later adolescence. Methods This cohort study is part of the Danish National Birth Cohort and focuses on children born between 1996 and 2003. A survey was distributed to 96,382 preadolescents aged 11, who were then followed from 2010 to 2018 (average follow-up of 6.9 years). Data on prescriptions and hospital contacts were obtained from Danish registries. Negative binomial regression was employed to calculate the incidence rate ratio (IRR), comparing preadolescent children who rated their health as poor (‘Not So Good’/’Poor’) to those who rated it as good (‘Excellent’/’Good’). Results Of the 47,365 (49.1%) 11-year-old preadolescents who participated in this study, 5.3% reported experiencing poor self-rated health. Overall, adjusted analyses revealed higher rates of prescription redemptions (IRR 1.63 [95% CI: 1.53; 1.73]) and hospital contacts (IRR 1.86 [95% CI: 1.74; 1.99]) in these children. Poor self-rated health in preadolescence was associated with more somatic (IRR 1.51 [95% CI: 1.40; 1.62]) and psychiatric (IRR 3.04 [95% CI: 2.59; 3.57]) prescriptions, as well as somatic (IRR 1.61 [95% CI: 1.51; 1.72]) and psychiatric (IRR 2.80 [95% CI: 2.42; 3.25]) hospital contacts in adolescence, with similar associations across sexes. Conclusions Poor self-rated health in preadolescence is associated with higher rates of prescription redemption and hospital visits in adolescence, suggesting that perceptions of health in early life influence long-term well-being, especially regarding psychiatric health. This straightforward self-rated health measure offers healthcare professionals valuable insights for identifying children who may require support and early intervention. Key messages • Poor self-rated health in preadolescence predicts higher prescription redemption and hospital visits in adolescence, especially regarding psychiatric health. • Simple self-assessment of health in childhood may have the potential to help identify those needing support and early intervention for long-term well-being.

Distinct functional connectivity phenotypes in preadolescent children with binge eating disorder by BMI status.

The neurobiological mechanisms underpinning binge eating disorder (BED) in children remain largely unclear, as the alterations that have been identified to date may be attributable to BED, obesity, or compound effects. This study aimed to delineate functional connectivity (FC) patterns in inhibitory control and reward networks in preadolescent children with and without BED from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study according to BMI. Resting-state FC was examined in the inhibitory control network by using seeds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas the reward network included seeds in the orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Seed-to-voxel analyses characterized FC differences between preadolescent children with BED with a high BMI and those with BED with a low BMI. We identified that BED was characterized by reduced connectivity between the reward network and regions in the default mode network, irrespective of weight status. Participants with BED also presented with hypoconnectivity in fronto-amygdalar circuits, which has been consistently associated with impaired emotion regulation capacity. Our findings support that FC alterations between the reward network and the default mode network may be specifically impacted by the presence of BED as opposed to weight status.

Dimensions of experienced gender and prospective self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in preadolescent children: A national study

ObjectivesGender diverse youth face higher risk of engaging in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) compared to cisgender youth. Limitations in past research include a focus on older adolescents, an emphasis on specific gender identity labels that may not be inclusive of the range of youth gender experiences, and reliance on cross-sectional data. Thus, the current study prospectively evaluated dimensions of experienced gender in relation to first-onset SITBs among preadolescents. MethodsData were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, a longitudinal study of youth across the United States. Youth (n = 7909) were aged 10–11 during initial assessment, and follow-up was conducted one year later. Two dimensions of experienced gender, felt-gender incongruence (not feeling aligned with the gender associated with one's sex assigned at birth) and gender non-contentedness (feeling dissatisfaction with the gender associated with one's sex assigned at birth), were assessed. Primary outcomes included non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SA). ResultsLogistic regressions were conducted stratified by sex assigned at birth. For youth assigned female at birth, felt-gender incongruence was prospectively associated with first-onset NSSI and SI and gender non-contentedness was prospectively associated with first-onset of NSSI. For youth assigned male at birth, gender non-contentedness was prospectively associated with first-onset SI. Diverse experienced gender did not prospectively predict SA. ConclusionsDimensions of experienced gender may be associated with subsequent first-onset SITBs among preadolescents. These findings support the need for future research on risk and protective factors that may mediate or moderate this relationship.

25 - Neurocorrelates of nocturnal enuresis in pre-adolescent children

25 - Neurocorrelates of nocturnal enuresis in pre-adolescent children

The Differential Relationships Of Fitness And Body Composition With Mental Health In Preadolescent Children

The Differential Relationships Of Fitness And Body Composition With Mental Health In Preadolescent Children

Correlations and consistency of body composition measurement indicators and BMI: a systematic review.

It is critical to accurately determine the level of obesity and health status since overweight/obesity has become a main global public health problem. This systematic review attempted to evaluate the consistency and correlation between body composition measurement indicators and body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adolescence. Seven electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, SinoMed) were searched to collect the literature published since 1999 with the focus on the relationship between body composition measurement indicators and BMI to measure obesity in childhood and adolescence. Among the 28 articles included, 13 articles reported a moderate to very strong correlation between %BF and BMI in obesity measurement (range: 0.49-0.907), while two articles reported a strong to very strong correlation between FM and BMI (range: 0.60-0.86). Six articles reported good to excellent obesity measurement consistency between %BF and BMI (range: 0.441-0.876), one article reported WC (0.58) and WHtR (0.46) in the moderate consistency with BMI, and one article reported a relatively poor to fair consistency between FM and BMI (range: 0.167-0.409). WC, WHtR, and BMI showed the moderate consistency in pre-adolescent children. In pre-adolescence and adolescence, the measurement consistency between %BF and BMI was higher than that between FM and BMI. Gender difference existed in the consistency between %BF and BMI during adolescence. A range of body composition indicators such as %BF, WC, WHtR, and FM could provide valuable body composition measurements, complement BMI for obesity assessment in children and adolescents, and facilitate efficient and comprehensive surveillance of childhood obesity. PROSPERO CRD42024506932.

Sleep Disturbance and Subsequent Suicidal Behaviors in Preadolescence

Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, who demonstrate high rates of sleep disturbance. Poor sleep appears to confer risk for suicide, but longitudinal investigation of suicidal behaviors remains rare, particularly in the transition from childhood to early adolescence. To evaluate sleep disturbances in preadolescent children (aged 9 and 10 years) in association with longitudinal risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at the 2-year follow-up. This cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study between June 2016 and January 2021. This dataset included children aged 9 or 10 years at baseline and their parents or caregivers who were recruited at 21 sites across the US. Data were analyzed July 2023 to June 2024. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a 26-item parent-reported inventory, was administered at baseline, generating a total score and 6 subscales. Central covariates included the Child Behavior Checklist Anxiety and Depression subscale and demographic variables. The computerized Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-COMP) assessed parent- and youth-reported suicidal behaviors and outcomes (none; passive, active nonspecific, and active specific suicidal ideation; and suicide attempt) at the 2-year follow-up. Sleep disturbance was further grouped by symptom severity (minimal, moderate, elevated, high, and severe). Of the 10 136 youths who reported no baseline suicidal ideation or behavior, 8807 youths (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 4507 males [51.2%]; 197 Asian individuals [2.2%], 1273 Black individuals [14.5%], and 5775 White individuals [65.6%]) completed the K-SADS-COMP assessment at the 2-year follow-up and were included in the analysis. At the follow-up, 8044 participants (91.3%) had no suicidal behavior, 317 (3.6%) had passive suicidal ideation, 258 (2.9%) had active nonspecific suicidal ideation, 130 (1.5%) had active specific suicidal ideation, and 58 (0.7%) had a first-time suicide attempt. Baseline sleep disturbance was associated with increased incidence risk for suicidal behavior at age 12 years (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44-4.98; P = .002), adjusting for covariates. Individual subscales or items demonstrating associations with risk included disorders of excessive somnolence and frequency of nightmares. Results of this longitudinal cohort study revealed that disturbed sleep at age 10 years was associated with risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the next 2 years. The findings highlight the potential importance of sleep as a visible risk factor and intervention target in the prevention of youth suicide.

Cognitive benefits of higher cardiorespiratory fitness in preadolescent children are associated with increased connectivity within the cingulo-opercular network

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness has been associated with improved cognitive control in preadolescent children, with various studies highlighting related brain health benefits. This cross-sectional study aimed to provide novel insights into the fitness-cognition relationship by investigating task-related changes in effective connectivity within two brain networks involved in cognitive control: the cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal networks. Twenty-four higher-fit and twenty-four lower-fit preadolescent children completed a modified flanker task that modulated inhibitory control demand while their EEG and task performance were concurrently recorded. Effective connectivity for correct trials in the theta band was estimated using directed transfer function. The results indicate that children with higher fitness levels demonstrated greater connectivity in specific directions within the cingulo-opercular network (average effect size, d = 0.72). Brain-behavior correlations demonstrated a positive association between the majority of these connections and general task accuracy, which was also higher in higher fit children (average correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.34). The findings further support a positive relationship between fitness and cognitive performance in children. EEG findings offer novel insights into the potential brain mechanisms underlying the fitness-cognition relationship. The study suggests that increased task-related connectivity within the cingulo-opercular network may mediate the cognitive benefits associated with higher fitness levels in preadolescent children.

Determination of plasma lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PE) by LC-MS/MS revealed a possible relation between obesity and lyso-PE in Japanese preadolescent children: The Hokkaido study.

Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PEs) are the partial hydrolysis products of phosphatidylethanolamine. Although lyso-PEs are important biomarkers in various diseases, their determination is limited by the lack of simple and efficient quantification methods. This study aims to develop an improved quantitative method for the determination of lyso-PEs and its application to an epidemiological study. Single reaction monitoring channels by collision-induced dissociation for seven lyso-PEs were established using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma lyso-PEs were extracted with a single-phase method using an isotopically labelled internal standard for quantification. The proposed method was adopted to define lyso-PEs in plasma samples of children aged 9-12years living in Sapporo, Japan. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for each lyso-PE ranged between 0.001-0.015 and 0.002-0.031pmol/μL, respectively. Recoveries were found to be > 91% for all the species. The analysis results of children's plasma showed that the total lyso-PE concentrations in boys (n = 181) and girls (n = 161) were 11.53 and 11.00pmol/μL (median), respectively. Participants were further classified by the percentage of overweight and subgrouped as underweight (n = 12), normal range (n = 292), or overweight (n = 38). Interestingly, the reduction of lyso-PE 16:0 and increased lyso-PE 22:6 were observed in overweight children compared with normal range (Fold change: 0.909 and 1.174, respectively). This study successfully established a simple quantitative method to determine lyso-PE concentrations. Furthermore, our method revealed the possible relation between plasma lyso-PEs and overweight status.

Perceived obstacles to implementing healthy eating habits amongst pre-adolescent Indian children – a parental perspective

ABSTRACT This study explored the mothers’ (N = 510) perceived impact of socialization agents, social media, relatives and parental eating habits on teaching healthy eating habits among pre-adolescents in urban India. Linear regression was applied to analyse the direct relationships, and Process Macros Models 1 and 4 were used to analyse the mediating and moderating relationships on SPSS (26.0) software. Findings suggest a significant association of the predictor variables with the healthy eating habits of the children, with a negative association of the mediator (parental control) and moderator (parental role model), implying that with an increase in the predictor variables, there is a decrease in the healthy eating habits of the pre-adolescents. The study’s originality lies in involving the children’s immediate family as the unit of analysis, which can further act as the base for designing interventions or measuring outcomes in future studies.

Socio-demographic and other factors contributing to excessive leisure screen time in preadolescent children.

Excessive screen use in early school age is associated with worsened health habits and negative child development in later age. We aimed to assess the time spent on modern and traditional screen-based devices and examine its associations with socio-demographic characteristics. This population-based cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Czechia, Slovakia and Finland between April and June 2021. Participants (N = 1,915) were parents/caregivers of children attending elementary school grades 1 to 3, selected by stratified random sampling. Children's daily leisure screen time (LST) based on parental reports was the main outcome. Descriptive statistics, mean comparison and linear regression analysis were used for the analysis. The average daily LST was found to be as high as 3.5 hours and significantly associated with most socio-demographic variables. Eighty percent of children exceeded the threshold of two hours of LST per day, which was formerly introduced by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The most important predictor of LST in children was having their screen-based device(s) for their exclusive personal use (EPU). Linear regression with all predictors assessed together confirmed the significant effect of the screen-based devices' EPU, the child's sex and grade, the child's birth order and the parent's education, even when controlled for media parenting practices. Given the widespread availability of smartphones for exclusive personal use among young children, the regulation of EPU and the reinforcement of effective media parenting practices, particularly in families with lower education and income, are critical public health strategies to mitigate the negative impact of excessive screen time on child development and overall well-being.

Success and Survival: Black Advantaged Parents’ Views of Race, White Space, and HBCU Attendance

The sociocultural norms of White spaces place Black individuals at greater risk of anti-Black racism, racial discrimination, exclusion, and violence. This reality requires that Black people develop sociocultural toolkits with strategies, behaviors, and knowledge to navigate and advance within society. Black parents play a critical role in readying their children for such survival and achievement in an unequal world. Existing scholarship on socialization focuses on Black parents raising preadolescent children, limiting our understanding of how Black parenting continues throughout emerging adulthood. Through the lens of college decision-making and the case of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), the author uses interviews with Black advantaged parents of college-bound children to explore understandings of the worlds children will enter as adults. Findings show that parents are aware of the burdens of Whiteness in its many forms in the environments where their children will enter and recognize that their children require sociocultural tools to succeed and thrive. These perspectives are made clear by parents’ discussions of the benefits and limitations of HBCU attendance. This article raises implications for understanding Black parenting, socialization, higher education, and transitions to adulthood and work.

Factors facilitating and delaying disclosure and reporting of child sexual abuse: insights from forensic interviews

ABSTRACT In light of limited existing knowledge, we aimed to examine the connection between disclosure facilitators and delays in the context of forensic interviews. We examined interview records from 403 children under 18 suspected of sexual abuse at a child advocacy center. The forensic interview records, family interview forms, and psychiatric examination reports in the files were retrospectively examined. Frequency, mean, and chi-square tests were implemented to analyze the data. The reasons for facilitating and delaying the disclosure of abuse were evaluated using a descriptive analysis method. Of the cases, 79.4% were girls, and 74% were in the 12–18 age group. It was determined that the presence of witnesses, evidence, and messages (16.37%) and discomfort with the suspect’s/abuser’s behavior (11.66%) facilitated the disclosure of abuse. On the other hand, reporting of abuse was delayed due to the suspect’s/abuser’s threats (18.85%) and the victim’s fear, embarrassment and avoidance of her/his family (10.66%). The characteristics of abuse and disclosure reasons varied based on age groups and the intimacy level of the suspect. It has been observed that pre-adolescent children may face cognitive obstacles in disclosing abuse.

Impact of Yoga Intervention on Physical Fitness Parameters in Preadolescent Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose:This study aims to assess the impact of yoga on physical fitness among healthy primary school children using a randomized control design. Material and Methods:A total of 52 children, aged 8-13, were randomly assigned to either the Yoga Group (n = 27, mean age = 10.48 ± 1.25 years) or the Control Group (n = 25, mean age = 11.20 ± 1.50 years). The participants underwent evaluation using the EUROFIT Test Battery as the primary outcome measure.The Yoga Group engaged in 45-minute yoga sessions twice a week for a duration of 10 weeks, while the Control Group received no intervention. Outcome assessments were repeated at the conclusion of the 10-week intervention period. Results:Significantly positive enhancements were observed in the Yoga Group across various components of the EUROFIT Test Battery, including balance, speed, flexibility, muscle endurance, and cardiovascular endurance. Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that yoga interventions contribute to improvements in physical fitness among preadolescent children. Consequently, incorporating yoga exercises into the school curriculum is recommended, given their efficacy, minimal resource requirements, and positive impact on sports readiness.

Clinical Profiles Associated With Deliberate Self-Harm in Preadolescent Children

Clinical Profiles Associated With Deliberate Self-Harm in Preadolescent Children

Cardiac Structure and Function in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children Following In-Utero Exposure to Preeclampsia (FINNCARE Study).

We evaluated how elevated blood pressure in children exposed to preeclampsia (PE) impacted on their cardiac structure and function, as well as relations with maternal, gestational, and perinatal factors and child body size and composition. A total of 182 PE (46 early-onset preeclampsia) and 85 unexposed (non-PE) children were examined in the FINNCARE study 8 to 12 years after the index pregnancy with echocardiography; office, central, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures; and body anthropometrics and composition. PE children had lower right ventricular basal sphericity index (mean difference, -0.26 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.12) and lower mitral lateral E'-wave peak velocity (-1.4 cm/s [95% CI, -2.1 to -0.6]), as well as higher E to E' ratio (0.40 [95% CI, 0.15-0.65]) and indexed tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.05]) compared with non-PE children. These differences were accentuated in early-onset PE children. Left ventricular mass (LVM) or left atrial volume were not different between PE and non-PE children. Lean body mass, body fat percentage, and 24-hour systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of LVM. Lean body mass and body fat percentage were independent predictors of left atrial volume. No significant associations between LVM or left atrial volume and maternal, gestational, or perinatal parameters were found. Preadolescent PE children display a more globular-shaped right ventricle with higher longitudinal systolic displacement as well as mildly altered diastolic indices, with the alterations being pronounced in early-onset preeclampsia. Lean body mass and adiposity are independently related with LVM and left atrial volume, and systolic blood pressure with LVM in both PE and non-PE children. These unfavorable associations indicate remodeling of cardiac structure in young children also reflected in mild functional changes in PE children. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT04676295.

Assessing the Relationship between Body Image Satisfaction and Physical Activity in Italian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Investigation.

Body image perception can significantly influence various aspects of adolescent lives. The study analyzed the relationship between body image satisfaction and sports participation in adolescents, examining various factors that contribute to body image concerns and their implications for sports engagement. A total of 237 schoolchildren were recruited from lower secondary Italian schools. Anthropometric characteristics were measured directly. Assessment of body image perception was performed using Body Silhouette Charts for preadolescent children. The Italian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents questionnaire was administered to assess physical activity (PA) levels at school and during leisure time in the last 7 days. Analysis of variance was used to test differences in PA levels, while multiple regression models were carried out to assess possible predictors of body dissatisfaction. In total, 42.6% of children were not satisfied with their figure and 23.2% were very dissatisfied; among them, the vast majority would have liked to be thinner. The dissatisfaction and satisfaction were similar in boys and girls. The frequency of satisfaction with one's body image was higher in children who practiced extracurricular sports compared to those who did not. The percentage of dissatisfaction with one's body image was similar in the two groups, but the frequency of children being very dissatisfied was double in the group that does not practice extracurricular sport (31.2% vs. 17.7%). Body dissatisfaction increases with increasing body mass index in both genders but decreases in children involved in extracurricular sports. Encouraging teenagers to engage in regular physical activity should be a key component of therapies supporting positive body image. This study found a relationship between extracurricular sports and body image satisfaction, suggesting that physical activity protects teenagers' body image satisfaction.

A comparative analysis of age-related alterations in foot biomechanics and visual input in pre-adolescent and adolescent children with normal body mass index

Background: Foot biomechanics undergo age related changes and visual input may be important for postural stability and stance dynamics. This study aimed to investigate how age-related alterations in foot biomechanics and visual input interact to influence postural stability and stance dynamics in children aged 6 to 19 years. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study was conducted after getting permission from Institutional Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained before collecting data. OHM3000 used for collecting data. Data was collected for bipedal stance test, stabilometry test with eyes open and eyes closed, and dynamic stance test during walking with predefined protocol. Result: Statistically significant difference in maximum pressure, average pressure, foot area and foot length are exhibited in both feet with higher values in adolescents as compared to pre-adolescents. Maximum lateral deviation was significantly less in adolescent with eyes open toward right feet as compare to preadolescents and the difference was lost with eyes closed. Maximum pressure, average pressure, foot contact area and forefoot maximum pressure in both feet were statistical significance. Conclusion: Increased maximum pressure, average pressure, foot area and foot length indicating physical growth and higher load-bearing capacities in adolescents. Weight distribution over the forefoot and hindfoot remained consistent across age groups even if significant changes shown in foot size and pressure. Visual input significantly improved postural stability in both groups. Adolescents show better postural stability probably due to foot maturation. During walking, adolescents showed increased maximum and average pressures, especially in forefoot. Keywords: foot; clinical anatomy; biomechanics; adolescents; children; postural stability; gait; visual input