Pragmalinguistic Aspects Research Articles

The effect of instruction on L2 learners’ ability to use verbal irony online

Abstract As verbal irony, including jocular irony, is common in many cultures and since language learners have difficulty with it in the target language, L2 educators have made efforts to help learners recognize irony. However, empirical research on using verbal irony online is lacking. Using a pre-posttest, control group design, this study aimed to fill the research gap by examining the efficacy of instruction on the ability of L2 learners to use verbal irony effectively (e.g., saliently, humorously) in response to social media posts. Japanese learners of English (N = 77) were involved. The instruction focused on sociopragmatics (e.g., appropriate usage) and pragmalinguistic aspects (e.g., non-verbal irony cues). Two instruments of 42 mock social media posts each were created (e.g., “My boss just yelled at me even though it was HIS fault.”), and the participants were asked to choose 12 of these to respond ironically to. Two independent raters judged all 1,848 blinded responses for their overall quality. The irony types and cues were also coded by researchers. The findings suggested that the experimental group significantly improved their ability to use verbal irony appropriately and saliently. Compared to the control group, in the posttest they more often used irony in more appropriate contexts (e.g., in response to funny posts as opposed to saddening news). Moreover, they used more irony cues, and their irony was more often rated as funny in the posttest. Implications for teachers and researchers are discussed.

Pragmalinguistic Aspect of the Concepts “oath”, “swear”, “promise” in the Kazakh Folk Tales

The concepts such as “to be a man of one's word”, “to keep one's word”, “fulfill one's promise” are prevalent in Kazakh folk tales in the mentality of the Kazakh people are widely used in Kazakh folk tales, and they appear as an important language unit used in the regulation of human relations in the Kazakh society. Because the spiritual concepts “oath”, “swear” and “promise”, considered as “a universal event” are concepts used by societies to create feelings of trust and persuasion among individuals. The paper deals with the spiritual concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in tales from the view of a pragmatic perspective. The authors also describe the traditions and ceremonies related to “oath” in nomadic Turkish culture and analyze spiritual concepts of “oath”, and “swear”, “promise”, which have a sacred value for Turkish society. As a result of the study, the findings regarding the concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in Kazakh folk tales, which play an important role in transferring the traditions and customs and cultural heritage of our people from generation to generation, as well as the legal, magical, religious, "pure" ethical rituals used commonly in the nomadic lifestyle were presented. In the paper it is stated that the speech acts in the analysed tales have a special place in terms of pragmatic meaning and it is revealed that the role of the concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in regulating the relationships between people and society has changed over time, their the sсope of use and stylistic color have changed, and they have acquired different semantic dimensions. Furthermore, it is concluded that the semantic development of the word can reflect the development of human cognition.

Образ учителя в немецкоязычном и русскоязычном дискурсе трудоустройства (на материале объявлений о вакансиях)

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the representation of the image of a foreign language teacher in the employment discourse in two linguistic cultures. The relevance of the research topic is due to transformations in the educational sphere, the trend towards increasing the importance and prestige of the teaching profession in the Russian society, as well as the need for competent training in intercultural communication skills in the modern world. The purpose of this article is to identify the content components of the teacher’s image and the features of their representation in job advertisement texts. The research material was Russian and German job advertisements for foreign language teachers in the amount of 300 texts. The methodological basis of the study is the cognitive and discursive paradigm. In accordance with the goal, the comparative analysis method was used in the work. The authors believe that in the Russian linguistic culture one can distinguish the image of a secondary school teacher and a teacher or tutor in private schools. Consequently, the content components of the image, which include professional competencies, personal qualities, and working conditions, will differ: a private school teacher is presented as a creative, motivated teacher who is provided with both methodological support and various digital tools. A secondary school teacher is a person who performs not only pedagogical tasks, but also organization and management work. A comparative analysis showed that in the German employment discourse, a teacher is, first of all, a “team player.” The main difference between the images of a teacher represented in German job advertisements is the so-called “gender neutrality”. In the Russian employment discourse, a trend has been noted towards the transition of foreign language teaching to an online format. In the pragmalinguistic aspect, in both linguistic cultures, age restrictions are revealed through an informal address to a potential employee, while in German job advertisements, emotional and evaluative vocabulary explicates the employer’s interest.

The pragmalinguistic aspect of the choice of speech units in the author's strategies of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries.

The subject of the study is the texts of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries. The object of the research is the author's strategies, which are studied from the perspective of two modern areas of science: cognitive and pragmatic linguistics.The audience's reaction to the author's conviction is determined by the communicative factors of the impact of speech on the reader's consciousness and is determined by the vital connection of language and thinking. Therefore, the issues of speech impact (a pragmatic problem) and cognition in natural language (a problem of cognitive linguistics) should be considered in synthesis. This approach, according to the authors, makes it possible to study the subject side of the study most fully and achieve the goals set.The purpose of the study is to consider the possibility of classifying the speech units of texts of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries from the standpoint of the synthesis of cognitive and functional-pragmatic ways of studying the text.The tasks are to substantiate the possibility of synthesizing linguistic-cognitive and functional-pragmatic methods of studying author's strategies, as well as the classification of speech units of the text of monuments of the XIV – XVI centuries according to the author's strategies. The research methods are conceptual analysis and functional diagnostic method of pragmalinguistics. The ability to categorize concepts allows you to cluster them based on certain similarities and present them as units (clusters) based on the main feature. The functional nature of the choice of units acting as influencing tools that form the reader's attitude to the text, the author, the ideas of a particular author or a group as a whole. The novelty of this work lies in the possibility of combining the approaches of cognitive linguistics and functional pragmalinguistics to the study of author's strategies, which has not been widely practiced by researchers before. The achieved results allow us to conclude that this synthetic approach can be applied to research in the field of textual psychology, author's strategies, the author's speech image, and speech portraiture. The strategies identified in the texts act as clusters of concepts, which in turn constitute the main functional and pragmalinguistic tools that implement the author's intentions and ensure the perlocative effect of the text. The cognitive-pragmatic component of the author's impact strategies is structured mainly around the ideological and religious struggle. In second place are public– and private-business relations, which often mix into a single conceptual and pragmatic space.

Pragmalinguistic aspect of the choice of speech units of authorial strategies in state acts of the XIII-XVI centuries

The subject of the study is the texts of monuments of state acts of the 18th-16th centuries. The object of the study is the choice of speech units of authors’ strategies, which are studied from the position of synthesis of cognitive and pragmatic linguistics. The authors consider the reactions of the professional (statesmen) audience to the speech impact of authors, which is conditioned by communicative factors and determined by the immanent connection between language and thinking. Therefore, the issues of speech impact (pragmatic problem) and cognitions in natural language (problem of cognitive linguistics) should be considered in synthesis. The aim of the study is to consider a possible classification of speech units of state acts of the Middle Ages from the position of synthesis of cognitive and functional-pragmatic ways of studying the text. The objectives are the determination and classification of such units. The goals and objectives determine the research methods.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЛЮБОВНОЇ МАГІЇ В ТЕКСТАХ TABELLAE DEFIXIONUM

The main focuses of the study include the analysis of lexical items related to “love potions” in Latin, such as amātōrium, medicamentum amatorium, potio, venus, venenum. The author notes that these terms have a double meaning, covering both love and poison. The focus of this study is the analysis of lexical units related to “love potions” in Latin (amātōrium, medicamentum amatorium, potio, venus, venenum), which have a double meaning, covering both love and poison. A separate aspect of the article is devoted to tabellae defixionum, which are considered an important element of the sacred Latin text. The motives that prompted the creation of such tablets are considered, in particular in the context of the difficult position of women in ancient Rome. Love was especially important for women at that time, and the article points to a variety of motives: revenge for betrayal, the desire to “get your desired man”, strong love and healthy children. The analysis of phonetic and morphological features of tabellae defixionum is carried out in the works of V. Vaananen, R. Tomlin, G. Herman, A. Kropp, J. Blansdorf and others. However, the author focuses not on the systemic and structural features of the texts, but on the pragmalinguistic aspect, simultaneously solving the question of whether these texts belong to everyday speech and considering their lingual pragmatic function. The article also highlights different types of achieving the desired effect in the texts of love magic: a) aimed at arousing attachment and b) aimed at seduction. The connection between the magical text and its effect on the psyche and feelings of the target person is being tracked. A general conclusion is drawn regarding the high level of organization and careful use of verbal elements to achieve the desired effect in the context of love magic in ancient Rome.

ELECTRONIC BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE TEXT IN THE PRAGMALINGUISTIC ASPECT

Background. Competent execution of business letters is one of the important factors in conducting successful business activities. With the widespread use of video communication, voice messages and instant messengers, written business correspondence remains relevant. Electronic business correspondence, which determines the social and cultural specifics of the modern world community in the field of business, management and material production, is considered in the article as a linguistic phenomenon.
 Purpose. To reveal the pragmalinguistic features of the texts of English-language electronic commercial letters and consider the specifics of the English-language electronic commercial letter.
 Materials and methods. To solve the tasks set, a set of scientific research methods was used: analysis of scientific literature on the research problem and texts of English-language electronic commercial letters, continuous sampling method, descriptive method, comparative method.
 Results. Particular attention is paid to business letters as a traditional way of communication between organizations, enterprises, associations and bodies. It was revealed that each business letter has its own communicative purpose, pragmatic essence. The pragmalinguistic aspect of the texts of electronic business correspondence is carried out through the implementation of a specific communicative intention with a specific goal.
 Practical implications. The results of the research can be useful for further research in the field of communication technologies: problems of communication efficiency, public relations, advertising, speech etiquette, theory and practice of translation.

Базовая модель и вариативность речевого жанра вебинара образовательной направленности

The study is devoted to the analysis of the speech genre of the webinar related to the educational field – the field of teaching children and adults. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of genre studies of webinars as such, conducted for educational purposes. The webinar genre is currently a highly demanded speech genre, formed on the basis of the seminar genre, taking into account its use in the Internet space. The objectives of the study were to identify the basic and variable genre features of an educational webinar in terms of its communicative goal, addresser and addressee, the image of the past and the image of the future, dictum (event) content, linguistic embodiment. As a result, a basic model of the speech genre of the webinar was built and the variability of this model was noted. The basic model also includes speech strategies and tactics used in this speech genre; their potential variability is revealed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the genre features of the webinar in accordance with the questionnaire of the speech genre, focused on the analysis of the speech genre in the pragmalinguistic aspect. This aspect involves the analysis of the speech genre body of content, their goals and objectives, the social roles of the communicants, their speech expectations and the way they are implemented in the process of communication. It is noted that almost every element of the webinar structure allows for significant variability, which indicates the constant development of this genre, the continuation of the process of its formation. The least variable elements of the webinar speech genre model are the image of the past and the image of the future.

SPEECH ACT PRESENTATION IN A LOCALLY-WRITTEN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

<p><em>A textbook is developed to provide language input for language learners. The input should contain appropriate language use to assist learners to be able to communicate effectively from the communicative competence perspective which focuses on pragmatics. For this reason, the present study attempts to investigate speech act presentation in a local English textbook from metapragmatic, sociopragmatic, and pragmalinguistics point of view. The data were taken from common phrases or language expressions of particular functions integrated with conversations in the textbook. Findings revealed that the the speech acts investigated in the textbook were presented in more discrete items lacking sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic information. Concerning metapragmatic information, there seems to be a significant correlation between metapragmatic, sociopragmatic, and pragmalinguistic aspects. Pedagogically, it implies that the speech acts exposed through the textbook may not serve communicative functions as it was supposed to be and therefore, the textbook did not contain adequate pragmatic knowledge which may cause fewer opportunities to reach communicative competence. </em></p><p> <strong></strong></p>

Pragmalinguistic aspects of compound nouns in English and Uzbek

This article describes compound nouns in English and Uzbek, their specific pragmatic aspects. Although the problem of compound nouns in linguistics has been studied by many linguists, there are many unsolved problems in comparing compound words in languages ??and analyzing them from a pragmalinguistic point of view. The compound word, which has a special place in the richness of language vocabulary, is in fact a convenient way of naming in simple terms the concepts of events that take place in reality, of existing objects. Hence, it can be concluded that the study of semantic, grammatical and syntactic features of language alone is not enough. As a result, the field of "pragmatics" has found its place in linguistics, having its own goals and objectives. In addition, the article also uses analysis from examples from the literature to reveal the pragmatic nature of compound words. However, scientific examples have shown that no sign is a leading factor in determining the nature of compound words.

Communicative codes of professional Internet communities: pragmalinguistic aspect

The article identifies and comments on the principles of communication adopted in professional Internet communities. The study was carried out on the material of Facebook social network groups created to discuss the problems of higher education and teaching the Russian language. The theoretical foundations of the research are works devoted to Internet communication and professional communication; the most significant are theses on communicative norms, the meaning of their observance and the causes of violations. The relevance of the author's approach is determined by the inclusion of research in the communicative paradigm. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the communicative codes of professional Internet communities. To achieve this goal, the authors, using the methods of discursive, semantic and contextual analysis, investigated the descriptions and rules of the selected professional groups, finding: (1) lexico-grammatical and stylistic features of texts; (2) communicative norms and taboos, explicated in texts; (3) correlation of these norms with universal communicative principles of cooperation and politeness and their individual maxims. The novelty of the approach is provided by the chosen object: scientific and pedagogical Internet communities have not previously received a comprehensive description. The results achieved during the study allowed us to formulate significant conclusions: (1) at the new stage of research in the field of Internet communication, a differentiating approach is needed to detect the specifics of various platforms; (2) research on professional communication should be supplemented by observations of the open communicative space that is being formed in social networks; (3) Internet communities demonstrate the processes of communicative normogenesis, self-organization and self-regulation of the communicative space; (4) the language design of communicative codes is not regulated and gives authors (community administrators) freedom of action; 5) codes of professional Internet communities go back to the principles of cooperation and politeness, while most of the maxims are not explicated and constitute a normative communicative background, others (for example, maxims of relevance, tact and sympathy) are specifically stipulated.

Pragmatic Marker as a Language Politeness Mitigating Device in Talk Show on Spiritual Genre

High level social communication skill involving language politeness is important in communications and as such, it cannot be ruled out. As such, this paper aimed to explore the function of the ya pragmatic marker as a tool for language politeness as well as its relationship with the usage of the language politeness strategy from the pragmalinguistic aspect. In this study, the researcher used the religious talk show programme hosted by ustazah (female religious teachers) in the context of examining the pragmatic marker. The particular religious talk show programme was produced by TV9 and it was titled Tanyalah Ustazah with the topic The Decency in Facing Difficulty ‘Kebaikan dalam Masalah’. The data acquired was then transcribed to enable the analysis process. The data was processed using the AntConc 3.2.4w software and later it was analysed using a qualitative method. Additionally, the ya pragmatic marker was also described based on the contemporary and authentic corpus data. The analysis was conducted using Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory (1987). The findings showed that the ya pragmatic marker in the religious talk show genre could function as a language politeness device.

To the description of semiotic theory in the tradition of Chinese Linguistics

The Russian scholars often associate semiotics with such names as Ferdinand De Saussure, Charles Morris, Roland Barthes, who wrote a wide variety of works and significantly contributed to the formation of semiotics. Therefore, the Russian science has sound understanding of semiotics in Europe. In Asian regions, namely in China, semiotics is also one of the most popular trends. This article gives special attention to the formation and development of semiotics in the modern Chinese academic environment for the purpose of revealing and clarifying the key periods of study of semiotic theory, trends and directions of semiotic research, as well as the main works written by the Chinese authors from the perspective of semiotics. The author's special contribution into this research consists in introduction to the Russian linguistic paradigm of the process of formation of semiotics as an independent scientific direction within the Chinese academic environment. Description is provided to the three key periods of development and advancement of semiotic theories in China. The main trends and directions of research in the modern academic environment are explored. The article features the works of the prominent Chinese linguists – Yaping Huang and Hua Meng, who implemented  the semiotic ideas into the study of ideographic writing. The article also examines the work of the renowned Chinese scholar Qian Guanlian, who studied the pragmalinguistic aspects from the perspective of semiotics, which allowed comprising a semiotic base of the communication theory and pragmatics, and thus made a significant contribution to further research of these trends.

Evaluation of Bloggers’ Speech Behavior by Readers in the Russian-speaking Segment of the Internet (Pragmalinguistic Aspect)

Оценивание речевого поведения блогеров читателями в русскоязычном сегменте сети Интернет (прагмалингвистический аспект) 의 이용 수, 등재여부, 발행기관, 저자, 초록, 목차, 참고문헌 등 논문에 관한 다양한 정보 및 관련논문 목록과 논문의 분야별 BEST, NEW 논문 목록을 확인 하실 수 있습니다.

Speech aggression as a manifestation of dominance: pragmalinguistic aspects

The authors investigate the phenomenon of speech aggression in texts of various directions. The destruction of the cultural system, built exclusively on religious unity, marks the end of the Middle Ages, coming towards the end of the fourteenth century. It was then that the formation of a new principle begins, which is that “objective reality and its meaning are sensual. Reality is comprehended not with the help of revelation, transposed by selected religious practices, but through the senses. The role of anthropocentrism is growing both at the philosophical and cultural, and at the speech-thinking (linguo-cognitive) levels. А cultural system based on such a premise idealistic. In it, feeling is balanced by intellect, faith by science, empirical perception by intuition. Its values belong to both the Earth and Heaven. Her world is both sensual and supersensible.

Pragmalinguistic Aspect of Interrogative Speech Acts in Discourse of “Rig Veda”

The interrogative speech acts presented in the linguistic material of the “Rig Veda” — one of the most ancient and culturally significant works that were a manifestation of ritual and mythological discourse, are researched. The language of Vedic texts is considered from the standpoint of the functional approach as a pragmatic system for which such communicative characteristics as intentions and illocutionary power of utterances are relevant. The system of norms and ideas that govern speech activity in the Vedic ritual interaction is taken into account. It has been proven that interrogative speech acts are one of the most important pragmatic elements of this type of discourse. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that all the interrogative structures of the monument extracted as a result of a continuous sampling are studied for the first time from the point of view of pragmatics, taking into account communicative intentions. Various types of questions are described and analyzed, including interrogative constants, interrogative directives, including questions with secondary illocution, as well as proper interrogative sentences. The author comes to the conclusion that, in addition to non-specific pragmatics for a given linguistic material, interrogative sentences in the text of the Rig Veda contribute to the realization of the magic-incantatory function of speech. The results are valuable both for studying the named type of discourse and for clarifying the understanding of the text of the monument and Vedic culture as a whole.

Pragmalinguistic representation of the olfactory image: gender aspect (based on German-language fiction)

The article is devoted to the review of the olfactory image representation in fiction. The relevance of the research is determined by the linguists' interest in description of the linguistic features of the designation of odoric sensations in the pragmalinguistic aspect. In this regard, relevant is the linguo-pragmatic study of the olfactory image formation and means of its description in German. The purpose of the article is a description of the means and methods of forming of men and women olfactory image in the German language. The material of the research were the examples from German-language fiction works that are part of the national German language corps DWDS. In total, 1184 text fragments from 30 works by German-speaking authors were analyzed. In this research, the authors describe in detail the structure of the lexical-semantic field “smell” in German, which is used to form olfactory images in a gender aspect and acts as a pragmatic marker. Based on the analysis of text fragments, the authors describe the means of olfactory images forming of men and women. The analysis shows that the olfactory image of a woman focuses on the pleasant smell that occurs while using cosmetics and while mentioning the woman’s natural smell. By describing an olfactory image of a man, vocabulary with a negative connotation dominates, and the “unpleasant smell” acts as a marker. Quantitative results of the study showed that the prevailing female image is positive, which causes positive emotions in the reader, while negative is prevailing by creating a male olfactory image. This pattern can be explained by social expectations from a woman who, in any circumstances, should look attractive. A negative olfactory image of a man can be an indicator of his masculinity, strength.

Political discourse of parliamentary debates: pragmalinguistic aspect

Political discourse of parliamentary debates: pragmalinguistic aspect

Ordens e pedidos em língua italiana: um estudo da percepção de falantes nativos e aprendizes brasileiros

O objetivo do estudo é investigar ordens e pedidos em língua italiana, identificando os elementos que caracterizam e diferenciam esses dois atos de fala, a partir da percepção de falantes nativos e aprendizes brasileiros. O instrumento elaborado para a coleta dos dados apresentava aos informantes interações verbais entre falantes nativos de italiano (role plays, gravados em áudio e vídeo, e diálogos extraídos de material cinematográfico), que deveriam ser classificadas como ‘ordem’ ou como ‘pedido’ com uma justificativa para a escolha. Havia também um terceiro campo em aberto (‘outro’). Analisando as respostas de 40 italianos e 40 aprendizes brasileiros, observamos que ordens e pedidos em língua italiana são diferenciados pela estrutura linguística e pelos elementos contextuais que envolvem a interação. A comparação dos resultados não revelou diferenças significativas na classificação dos dois atos de fala por parte de falantes nativos e brasileiros. Contudo, foi possível constatar que, enquanto os informantes italianos recorreram com maior frequência a elementos de tipo pragmático e prosódico para justificar suas respostas, os aprendizes brasileiros se basearam na maior parte dos casos em aspectos de tipo pragmalinguístico.

“Please”, “Thank you”, “Excuse me” – “Why can’t you behave naturally?”. Linguistic politeness in post-revolutionary Soviet Russia

Abstract – The aim of this work is to outline the main tendencies in linguistic politeness in post-revolutionary Soviet Russia during the 1920s, when the transformation of social classes and gender politics had a great impact on the definition of linguistic etiquette and formulaic expressions. In particular, the expressions encoding social deixis were largely affected by semantic shifts. For instance, the address terms “tovarisch” ‘comrade’, “gospodin” ‘sir’ , “papasha” ‘daddy’ are claimed to be ideologically biased. The study is based on the analysis of fictional dialogues from Michail Bulgakov’s satirical novel the Heart of a Dog (2004 [1925]). It is seen as the story of a failed attempt to create a new man, with the absurd name Poligraf Sharikov, undertaken by a prominent Russian professor of medicine, Filipp Preobrazhenskiy. Professor Preobrazhenskiy and an artificially created Sharikov represent the two different archetypes of an old tsarist era and an emerging Bolshevik regime, respectively, in a constant clash at the verbal and nonverbal level. The analysis considers the micro level of conversation dynamics in its pragmalinguistic aspects (address terms, speech act formulas and hypocoristics) and sociopragmatic aspects (distance and power dimensions) and shows the features of the interactional behavioural norms of the chosen period of investigation. During this transition period, politeness formulas and address forms undergo constant negotiation.