Practices In School Physical Education Research Articles

Assessment for and of learning in nonlinear movement education practices

ABSTRACT Background Principles such as instructional alignment and step-by-step progression are often seen as crucial features of good assessment practices in school physical education (PE). These features are problematic from nonlinear educational perspectives, which are based on the idea that movement learning cannot be expected to take place in the same manner for all students. Without some resolution of the contradiction between nonlinear pedagogies and principles of good assessment, the likelihood of physical educators fully embracing any kind of nonlinear approach to movement education remains doubtful. Purpose and research question Our purpose in this paper is to illustrate how assessment for and of learning (AfL and AoL) can look when implemented in nonlinear movement education practices. Methods Illustrations of AfL and AoL are drawn from an investigation in which one educator implements a nonlinear movement education module. The module focuses on juggling for students at high school (grade nine students aged approximately 15 years). The module provided students with 10 × 50-minute lessons to explore juggling. Data were generated through observations (film clips and field notes) and ethnographic-type interviews that were conducted with the students during the lessons. Findings In the context of the nonlinear movement education module, AfL became: Interacting with students in joint exploration; Introducing learning strategies; Encouraging students to clarify and verbalise the object of learning; Helping students identify critical aspects of the movement activity, and; Inviting students to consider alternative learning trajectories. The educator then evaluates the students’ learning experiences in the context of a group performance at the end of the module. This performance can be seen as an instance of holistic assessment within a nonlinear movement education practice. Conclusions The suggested holistic perspective on PE assessment could help educators to: circumvent dichotomies such as mind-body and theory-practice; approach students as active meaning-makers; re-frame students’ actions as emergent and context-dependent; and replace direct instruction with explorative teaching and learning methods. The major contribution of this study is that it shows how assessment for and of learning can be implemented in nonlinear movement education practices within a linear, goal-related and criterion-referenced, education system.

ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA E EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: ASPECTOS DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE A PARTIR DE UM ESTUDO DE CASO

Cada vez mais diferentes processos formativos, em todos os níveis de ensino, estão acontecendo por meio de ferramentas tecnológicas, cenários que também impactam as práticas em Educação Física Escolar, área da saúde historicamente pensada tendo como base as práticas corporais presenciais. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo, recorte de uma pesquisa maior, é o de responder a indagação sobre como está acontecendo a formação de professores para a disciplina de Educação Física no formato de Educação a Distância-EAD, tomando como base as Universidades EAD do oeste do Paraná. Para tanto, a partir de uma revisão de autores sobre a Educação a Distância no Brasil e no mundo, a importância das tecnologias para as metodologias dessa modalidade e as características da Educação Física Escolar na aprendizagem virtual, realizou-se um estudo de caso com 24 acadêmicos da Educação Física Escolar EAD da região oeste do Paraná, os quais responderam a questionários aplicados por meio do google forms. Algumas conclusões importantes dizem respeito ao fato de que a EAD traz pontos positivos e possibilidades para os acadêmicos: flexibilização do tempo, espaço e preços acessíveis, o que contribui para o aumento de alunos universitários e a democratização do ensino. Todavia, a metodologia de ensino a distância é dependente dos recursos tecnológicos, o que pede novas posturas dos acadêmicos. Por fim, o estágio presencial em Educação Física Escolar está mudando, migrando para outras possibilidades, também baseadas nas tecnologias, as quais estão ressignificando a Educação e também a formação docente. 

Aligning the principles of assessment for learning to learning in physical education: A review of literature

ABSTRACT Background: A comprehensive international literature review on alternative assessment in physical education has been provided by López-Pastor et al. ([2013]. “Alternative Assessment in Physical Education: A Review of International Literature.” Sport, Education & Society 18 (1): 57–76). The authors remarked that while more authentic forms of assessment in physical education have been evidenced over the last three decades, the extent to which alternative assessment practices have become common practice in the teaching of physical education is yet to be established. Purpose: This review provides an updated perspective on the prevalence of assessment for learning (AfL) principles in physical education discourse since the 2013 publication. The intent is to inform and consider future AfL practices in school physical education and physical education teacher education (PETE) programmes. Methods: Eligibility criteria for the review required full-text articles written in English or Spanish; published (open access and/or in print) in peer-reviewed, academic and professional journals; and limited to the period 2013–2019. Inclusion criteria required articles to report assessment being used to promote learning in physical education, regardless of making reference to ‘assessment for learning’. Findings: Fifty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis of these articles resulted in four themes: i) traditional positioning of assessment in physical education; ii) AfL and physical education; iii) the constraints in enacting AfL in physical education; and iv) how to most effectively embed AfL in daily physical education practices. Conclusions: The main conclusions of this review are that i) AfL is a learning-oriented assessment based on socio constructivist theories and integrated into the teaching-learning process, ii) physical education teachers continue to use assessment solely to grade students; iii) physical education teachers do not have the necessary skillset to use AfL in physical education successfully; iv) physical education teachers need to be supported to implement AfL; and v) it is necessary to consider how best PETE programmes can infuse AfL across the programme.

Architectures of practice: constraining or enabling PE in primary schools

ABSTRACTTo the outside observer, physical education in many primary schools, both in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally, continues be practised in ways that students of the 1970s would recognise. The only significant change would arguably be the introduction of an increased regime of testing, and a narrower focus on physical health agendas. This is despite a large body of research, curriculum developments, and professional learning opportunities that have advocated for changing programmes and pedagogical practices to ensure that physical education is relevant and inclusive for all learners. I employ the theories of practice architectures and ecologies of practice that are detailed extensively in Kemmis, Wilkinson, Edwards-Groves, Hardy, Grootenboer, Bristol [2014. Changing practices, Changing Education. Singapore: Springer] and ecologies of practice [Kemmis, S., C. Edwards-Groves, J. Wilkinson, and I. Hardy. 2012. “Ecologies of Practices.” In Practice, Learning and Change, edited by P. Hager, A. Lee, and A. Reich, 33–49. London: Springer] to examine what constrains and enables transformative approaches to physical education in primary schools. In unpacking the cultural-discursive, material-economic, and socio-political arrangements that hold particular primary school physical education practices in place, I search for illumination about how to transform the conditions that reproduce particularly practices and the expense of transformative practice.

Student teachers’ understanding and application of assessment for learning during a physical education teacher education course

There is widespread consensus on the need for assessment for learning (AfL) in both university courses and school programmes. Given the prevalence of traditional practices in school physical education where assessment is basic or non-existent, we might ask whether AfL is present in physical education teacher education (PETE) courses. Where it is, we may wonder whether the student teachers’ concept of AfL is consistent with the concept advocated for and developed in the literature and in policy. This paper draws on a qualitative study that was conducted on a core unit within a PETE course delivered by a university in England. Despite the fact that the students lacked a voice in framing their understanding and uses of AfL, we found that most students appeared to have grasped the concept, not just as a theoretical framework but also in terms of applying different strategies during their practice in schools. They reported that they found this knowledge relevant and useful, they recognised the need to learn more about it, and they also had the intention to incorporate this knowledge into their future professional practice. Given these findings, we conclude this paper with a brief discussion of why traditional approaches to assessment in school physical education appear to persist.

Educação física escolar: estado da arte e direções futuras

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar e problematizar a Educação Física Escolar como prática profissional e subárea de pesquisa no campo mais amplo da Educação Física e das investigações educacionais. Para tal, inicialmente delimita o que é pesquisa em Educação Física Escolar, distinguindo-a da pesquisa sobre Educação Física Escolar, e quais seriam os objetos e hipóteses de pesquisa significativos para esta subárea. A seguir, analisa 289 artigos caracterizados como pesquisa em Educação Física Escolar, publicados em 11 periódicos (revistas) brasileiras, classificando-os nas categorias "ciclo de escolarização", "prática corporal " e "tema" investigados. Os resultados indicam que predominam os estudos no ensino fundamental, nas práticas "jogo" e "esporte", e pesquisas de cunho descritivo-interpretativo das aulas de Educação Física em várias dimensões e interrelações. Em conclusão, aponta a necessidade de maior direcionamento para as pesquisas nos âmbitos da didática, da implementação dos programas (currículos) formulados no bojo das políticas públicas, e da formação de professores. Por fim, alerta para a necessidade dos programas de pós-graduação em Educação Física no Brasil investirem mais nas pesquisas em Educação Física Escolar.

Recontextualizing and delivering the biomedical model as a physical education curriculum

This paper examines the problem of delivering a body of knowledge based on biomedical research as a school physical education discourse. The paper attempts to deconstruct the ideology of healthism upon which the discourse is based in order to show how ascetic practices in school physical education are promoted as a way of combating the hedonistic tendencies of modern lifestyles of the young. A critical examination is presented of the claims made by biomedicine in light of the paucity of evidence, the unresolved questions of individuality, the ineffective response to the consumer culture of modem youth, and the moral imperative that seem to be associated with the requirements for healthy living. The paper concludes that without reflection on what is being assumed in the recontexualization of biomedicine, a central tension will continue to exist between the dominant discourse of healthism and those it is attempting to influence. More specifically, the reduction of the disparity between healthism and the reality of consumer culture of modern youth must be achieved in order that the objectives of the discourse may be realized. Physical education teachers and biomedical experts will require a similar understanding of youth culture to those in the advertising industry if the values of physical activity are to be fully accepted.