Practice Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Are physical activity and/or adherence to the Mediterranean diet determinants of the changes found in kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness in adolescents?

The practice of physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) have been extensively studied for their relationship with kinanthropometric, body composition and physical fitness variables. However, no previous study has analyzed whether these healthy habits are equally determinant for the differences found in kinanthropometric, body composition and physical fitness variables or, on the contrary, if one of them is more relevant. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to analyze the differences in kinanthropometric, body composition, and physical fitness variables between adolescents with different levels of physical activity and AMD, and (2) to determine whether physical activity and/or AMD are predictors of differences in kinanthropometric variables, body composition or physical fitness in adolescents. The sample consisted of 791 adolescents (404 males and 387 females; mean age: 14.39±1.26 year-old) whose physical activity level, AMD, kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness, were measured. The results showed differences when considering the level of physical activity in kinanthropometric variables, body composition and physical fitness, but not the level of AMD, which was relevant only when it was poor, and the adolescents were inactive. Nevertheless, the AMD did not seem to exert such a determining effect as to produce significant differences on its own. On the other hand, the practice of physical activity did act as a predictor mainly of changes in the fitness variables. Therefore, the main novelty of the present study is the establishment of an order of importance of the healthy habits acquired by adolescents, concluding that the practice of physical activity is more determinant for the differences found in the study variables.

EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION: PRELIMINARY DATA OF A FIVE YEARS ACTIVITY OF SPORTS MEDICINE UNIT –ULSS 2 TREVISO

Abstract Physical exercise plays a pivotal role in primary and secondary prevention of non–communicable chronic diseases. Nonetheless, to date, exercise prescription to chronically ill subjects is not yet in line with guidelines indications. In Veneto region, the goal of reducing the gap between guidelines and their actual application has been pursued for several years thanks to a regional “model”of exercise prescription in chronic disease. However, regional data indicative of the real clinical impact of this "model" are lacking. We evaluated the impact of the regional model on a population of chronically ill people visited at our Clinic between 2014 and 2019. In this period, 366 subjects living in the province of Treviso (Veneto region, Italy) with a history of heart disease and/or diabetes have been admitted to our facility and have been provided with precise indications (in the form of prescription) about physical exercise to be practiced in secondary prevention. For each subject, adherence to the exercise prescription was assessed. The study population was therefore divided into 3 classes of activity in accordance with the physical activity practiced during the observation period: 0=not adherent at all at the exercise prescription (no exercise practice phase); 1= practice of unstructured physical activity/ not monitored physical exercise and/or not completely adhering to the exercise prescription in terms of intensity, duration and frequency; 2= practice of structured and monitored physical exercise, completely adherent to exercise prescription provided. By this way, any temporary suspension and subsequent resumption of the activity was considered and the period of cessation of the activity during the monitoring period was taken into account for each subject. Data on “health expenditure”, was collected for each subject at time zero as new hospitalizations and deaths were analyzed following our intervention (exercise prescription letter delivery). According to a preliminary analysis of our data, time spent in practicing exercise in class 1 and 2 lead to a significant improvement in survival and less hospitalizations for considered pathologies. Furthermore, time spent in class 2 exercise practice (structured and monitored physical exercise, at target for intensity, duration and frequency), seems to determine even greater protection compared to unstructured physical activity or structured but not monitored and/or non–targeted physical exercise (class 1).

Factors associated with the consumption of voluntarily fortified foods with micronutrients by the Portuguese population.

This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with the consumption of voluntarily fortified foods with micronutrients (Mn-FF) by the Portuguese population, using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015-2016). Food consumption, sociodemographic and other health-related factors, and physical activity data were computerised using the You Eat & Move e-platform. Foods consumed by participants and labelled foods reported as consumed were included in the database. Mn-FF were considered all foods containing added micronutrients legally authorised, and MN-FF users were those who consumed at least one Mn-FF on at least one of the dietary recall days. Approximately 57% of the population consumed at least one Mn-FF. Children and adolescents consumed significantly more Mn-FF than older age groups. The primary contributors to Mn-FF consumption were breakfast cereals and fat spreads. Being a child (female OR 2.07 [95% CI: 1.52, 2.83]; male OR 4.80 [95% CI: 3.23, 7.14]) or adolescent (female OR 1.62 [95% CI: 1.78, 2.22]; male OR 4.59 [95% CI: 3.26, 6.47]), having a higher level of education (female OR 1.52 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.99]; male OR 1.85 [95% CI: 1.42, 2.42]) and engaging in regular physical activity (female OR 1.31 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.58]; male OR 1.36 [95% CI: 1.11, 1.68]) were factors positively associated with Mn-FF consumption. Conversely, obesity (female OR 0.76 [95% CI: 0.60, 0.96]), living in predominantly rural areas (male OR 0.70 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.91]) and eating fewer mid-meals per day (female OR 0.60 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.76]; male OR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.84]) were associated with lower Mn-FF consumption. Younger age, higher education and physical activity practice were positively associated with Mn-FF consumption. These findings provide important insights on priority factors to be considered when deciding on nutrient fortification policies from both public health and food industry perspectives.

Physical activity in students and its association with attention. A systematic review

Despite the recommendations for physical activity in children and adolescents, sedentary behaviors that may affect health are frequent in today's schools. Evidence suggests that physical activity has a beneficial effect on the development of attention, however, there is no clarity on the characteristics that physical activity should have to optimize the improvement of attention in schoolchildren. A search for articles in databases published between 2013 and 2023 was performed, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and after analyzing their results, thirty-three articles were identified. The results suggest that the practice of physical activity has a positive effect on attention, mainly selective attention, but it is not possible to establish the characteristics in relation to frequency, time, intensity, or type of exercise that yield the best results, probably due to the heterogeneity of the interventions and populations studied. More experimental studies are therefore required to help identify the characteristics of physical activity that best contribute to the development of attention as a cognitive indicator. Keywords: Attention, physical activity, school children, sedentary behaviors, cognitive indicators.

Analysis of the association between high workload and musculoskeletal pain in public school teachers according to physical activity level.

A high workload has been associated with musculoskeletal pain in public school teachers. However, the hypothesis of the present study was that physical activity (PA) practice is able to attenuate this association. To analyze the associations between high workload with musculoskeletal pain according to PA levels in public school teachers. Teachers (n = 239) from 13 public schools were evaluated. Workload was assessed using a Likert scale in which teachers reported their perception of their work routine as: very low, low, regular, high, and very high. Musculoskeletal pain and PA were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of high workload with PA levels and musculoskeletal pain in different body regions, compared to participants with normal workload, adjusted by sex, age, and socioeconomic status. A high workload was associated with higher chances of reporting pain in the wrists and hands (OR = 3.55; 95% CI = 1.27-9.89), knee (OR = 3.09; 95CI% = 1.09-8.82), and feet and ankles (OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 1.03-9.76) in less active teachers. However, these associations were not observed in teachers considered more active. PA practice is able to act as a good protector against musculoskeletal pain in teachers, even in individuals with a high workload.

Effect of a lifestyle intervention among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity: A randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe excess neonatal adiposity is considered a risk factor for the development of childhood obesity and the birth weight is a marker of health throughout life. AimsTo evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention conducted among pregnant women with overweight on neonatal adiposity and birth weight. MethodsA total of 350 pregnant women were recruited and randomly allocated into the control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups. Pregnant women in the IG were invited to participate in three nutritional counselling sessions based on encouraging the consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods, rather than ultra-processed foods, following the NOVA food classification system, which categorizes foods according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing, and the regular practice of physical activity. Neonatal adiposity was estimated using a previously validated anthropometric model. Adjusted linear regression models were used to measure the effect. ResultsAdopting the modified intention-to-treat principle, data from 256 neonates were analyzed for birth weight, and data from 163 for body composition estimation. The treatment had no effect on the proportion of fat mass [β 0.52 (95 % CI −1.03, 2.06); p = .51], fat-free mass [β −0.50 (95 % CI −2.45, 1.45); p = .61] or birth weight [β 53.23 (95 % CI −87.19, 193.64); p = .46]. ConclusionsIn the present study, the lifestyle counselling used had no effect on neonatal adiposity or birth weight. Future studies should investigate the effect of more intensive interventions.

Information management in social media to promote engagement and physical activity behavior

Social media can be an effective tool to foster values and lifestyles such as physical activity. However, it is still largely unknown what type of social media information helps to promote physical activity practices. This research aims to (1) identify the combination of variables that explain social media engagement in physical activity (SME-PA) and its relationship with physical activity behavior and (2) determine what type of social media content posted on social media could be most effective in promoting physical activity behaviors. Using a quasi-experimental and an experimental study, the findings showed that the conditions of high levels of information availability, social ties, trust in social media information, and opportunity seeking were present and combined in three of the four solutions (77% of the cases). SME-PA was correlated with the intention to improve physical fitness, and the physical shape, the type of benefit associated with physical activity practice and the gender of the person in the photo practicing physical activity were found to be relevant variables for improving the physical activity-related behavior of social media users. Finally, several implications are proposed to improve the administration of social media content for SME-PA.

An empirical analysis of factors determining changes in physical exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Aim The main objective of the study was to report the changes that have taken place in the practice of physical exercise during confinement and to examine the factors that favor or detract from it. Material and methods To determine the objective, a survey was carried out in the United States during the pandemic and a sample of 511 participants was obtained. A binary logit model was used to process the data, as well as several independence tests. Results The main result of this study is the increase in the practice of physical activity of the individuals surveyed during the pandemic. Some of the elements that most influenced this increase were annual family income, education level, and eating habits, but these results are subject to change depending on the respondent’s body mass index. On the other hand, the results also show changes in physical exercise habits during the pandemic, especially in the time of the week when it is performed, and these changes are highly correlated with the use of electronic devices, hours of sleep, and physical condition of the respondents before the pandemic. Conclusion Determining the different factors that affect the practice of physical exercise during pandemic periods seems to be important to determine in which populations it is more important to act or what resources are necessary when implementing physical exercise programs in specific situations such as pandemics.

Nutrition and exercise: Cornerstones of health with emphasis on obesity and type 2 diabetes management-A narrative review.

While a broad consensus exists that integrated nutrition and regular exercise are foundational for health maintenance and serve as a robust non-pharmacological strategy against cardiometabolic diseases, the nuanced interplay between these elements remains incompletely understood. Through multifaceted interactions, these factors profoundly influence primary metabolic organs, notably the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the critical nature of this interactivity, a holistic understanding of the combined effects of physical activity and dietary practices is still emerging. This narrative review aims to elucidate the intertwined roles of nutrition and exercise. It provides a comprehensive overview of their synergistic dynamics and emphasizes the importance of a dual-focus approach in mitigating and managing cardiometabolic disorders, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Sports participation in childhood and adolescence and physical activity intensity in adulthood.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between sports participation in childhood and adolescence and the practice of physical activity at different intensities in adulthood, and to verify if some sports participation characteristics such as number of sports; type of sport (individual, collective or a combination of both) and total estimated sports participation time are associated with the different physical activity intensities in adulthood. This is a cross-sectional study. This study included 129 young adults of both sexes aged 18-25 years. Sports participation in childhood (7-10 years) and adolescence (11-17 years) was retrospectively estimated through specific questionnaire. Light, moderate, vigorous and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was objectively estimated by accelerometers. To verify the association between SP in childhood and adolescence and BP intensities in adults, multiple linear regression was adopted, with 5% significance. Analyses showed that, in females, sports participation in childhood (β = 0.315; R2 = 0.14; P = 0.020) and persistence in sports participation (β = 0.364; R2 = 0.18; P = 0.007) were positive predictors of vigorous physical activity in adulthood. In addition, the comparison according to the specificities of the sport practice, indicated that participation in two or more sports in childhood, one sport and collective sports in adolescence and at least one year of sports participation throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with longer time in vigorous physical activity intensity and MVPA (minutes/day) in adult females (P < 0.05). It could be concluded that sports participation indicators in childhood and adolescence were considered predictors of vigorous physical activity in adult females. In addition, number of sports, type of sport and practice time in childhood and adolescence seem to predict vigorous and moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity for adult females.

Barriers and Enablers for Physical Activity Engagement Among Individuals From India With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mixed-Method Study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex, chronic condition that can cause multiple complications due to poor glycemic control. Self-management plays a crucial role in the management of T2DM. Lifestyle modifications, including physical activity (PA), are fundamental for self-management. This study explored the knowledge, perception, practice, enablers, and barriers of PA among individuals with T2DM. A mixed-method study was conducted among individuals with T2DM in Udupi taluk, India. A cross-sectional survey (n = 467) followed by an in-depth interview (n = 35) was performed. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. About half (48.8%) of the participants engaged in PA of which 28.3% had an adequate score in the practice of PA. Walking was the most preferred mode. Self-realization, Comprehension, perception, and source of information, PA training, Current PA practices, enablers and barriers for PA were 6 themes derived under knowledge, perception, and practice of PA. Despite knowing the importance of PA, compliance with PA was poor. The personal/internal, societal, and external factors constituted the trinity of barriers and enablers in compliance with PA. Behavioral changes, societal changes, policy initiatives, and PA training in health care settings may enhance PA practice among individuals with T2DM.

Promotion of Physical Activity by Québec Primary Care Physicians: What Has Changed in the Last Decade?

This study aimed to assess the changes in the frequency of physical activity (PA) counseling and in the predictors of primary care PA promotion in Québec primary care physicians (PCPs) between 2010 and 2020. In 2010, we conducted a survey among Québec PCPs. Questions included: frequency of promoting PA to patients, perceived barriers, needs to improve PA promotion practice, frequency of PCPs' PA practice, and sociodemographic information. In 2020, we took over the 2010 questionnaire to document the evolution of the PA promotion practice. The proportion of PCPs discussing PA with their patients significantly increased (P < .05) in 2020 for the following health conditions: depression, low back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer; it declined (P < .05) for overweight patients, those with metabolic syndrome, and in primary prevention. Collaboration with PA professionals was the major need identified, and it increased in 2020. PCPs' own practice of PA was a predictor of PA promotion in 2010 (odds ratio = 6.679; P < .001) and in 2020 (odds ratio = 6.679; P < .001). In both 2010 and in 2020, older or more experienced PCPs were more likely to discuss PA with their patients without diagnosed diseases than younger ones or those with less experience. Over the last 10years, there has been a significant increase in PCPs promoting PA in Québec; however, it has been mainly oriented toward secondary prevention. It is concerning that PA counseling in primary prevention has declined, notably among younger PCPs. The stronger claim for closer collaboration with kinesiologists suggests that PCPs are in favor of an interprofessional strategy, namely collaboration with PA specialists.

WALKING WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION: A NOVEL METHOD TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OLDER ADULTS?

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alternative physical activity modalities and methods are needed to combat low adherence among older populations. Therefore, we are investigating whether blood flow restricted (BFR) walking improves measures of lower limb strength, and functional performance, compared to traditional walking in older adults. METHODS Healthy adults ≥60 years were randomised into BFR (n=5) or non-BFR (n=4) walking groups. Both groups walked outdoors, 3 days/week for 12 weeks starting at 4km/h and increasing walking speed by 0.5km/h every 4 weeks. The BFR group walked for 25min with BFR applied (60% arterial occlusion pressure) to the lower limbs in 2x 10mins bouts (separated by 5mins walking without occlusion). The non-BFR group walked for 50mins without occlusion, matching current best practice for low-moderate intensity physical activity. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks) for knee extension maximal voluntary torque (MVTpeak) and functional capacity (four square step test [4SST], 5x sit-to-stand [STS], timed up and go [TUG], gait speed, and 6-minute walk test [6mWT]). RESULTS There were no differences at baseline between groups (p&amp;gt;0.05). Both groups improved across all measures from baseline to post-intervention, with significant effects for time observed for: 4SST (7.92±1.2s – 6.83±1.39s; p=0.035), TUG (6.16±0.81s – 5.58±0.9s; p=0.04), STS (11.30±1.70s – 10.14±1.7s; p=0.032), but not for gait speed (3.98±0.69s – 3.71±0.69s; p=0.456), 6mWT (564.72±72.13m – 601.27±64.2m; p=0.129) and MVTpeak (112.33±25.8Nm – 120.55±23.5Nm; p=0.995). No group x time effect was observed from baseline to 12 weeks (p&amp;gt;0.05). SUMMARY The current results demonstrate significant improvements in functional measures (4SST, TUG, STS) from baseline to post-intervention, with no differences observed between groups. This indicates that low-intensity BFR walking may provide comparable physical fitness improvements to non-BFR walking while completing only 50% of the volume.

Effects of different physical activity programs for elderly women

There is strong evidence of the benefits of physical activity (PA) for elderly. However, there is still no consensus as to whether one modality is superior to the others. The objective of this study was to compare three different PA programs for elderly women. The study included 107 participants between 60 and 75 years old that practiced PA in three different programs, which were: Strength Training Group (STG), Aerobic Training Group (ATG) and Adapted Sports Group (ASG). To evaluate body composition, we used the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Total Muscle Mass Index (TMSI), and for the functional tests we used the Sit-to-Stand Test (SST) and the Timed Up Go Test (TUGT). All participants of the three groups presented good physical performance, as the STG presented the best result in the SST, while in the TUGT the ASG was better. The study reinforces the need to stimulate the practice of PA for elderly, and that intrinsic motivation should be considered to offer something that is pleasurable and maintains their adherence to the program.

HEALTH STATUS, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND CORRELATES TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN IN SOUTH ITALY

The inverse relationship between sedentary habits, physical fitness, self-perception, and enjoyment during physical activity (PA) has been widely demonstrated by international literature. Furthermore, according to recent epidemiological report, Italy is one of the European countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents. The present study aims to assess physical fitness levels, self-perception and enjoyment in a sample of 3676 primary school children (M = 1861, F = 1815, mean age = 9-10 years) attending the SBAM! project in Apulia, Southern Italy. The objective is to provide epidemiological data of the health status of children through the assessment of BMI Z-scores, physical fitness and factors related to the practice of PA. The following physical fitness test were proposed: standing long jump, (SLJ), shuttle run 10x4, (10x4), and 6 minutes walk test (6MWT), to assess lower limb explosive strength, agility and coordination, and aerobic endurance, respectively. Two validated questionnaires were used to assess self-perception and enjoyment. Results showed a large percentage of children that were overweight/obese or underweight, and a negative relation with physical fitness test and questionnaires. Moreover, normal weight sample had better motor performance, self-perception, and enjoyment during PA than underweight or overweight/obese groups. These results confirm the needs to promote and develop projects and institutional interventions aimed at enhancing physical activity and healthy lifestyles in Southern Italy.

Ecological dynamics approach in physical education to promote cognitive skills development

The aim of this paper is to carry out a theoretical transposition of the principles of the ecological dynamic approach in the field of physical and sports education, aimed at defining educational approaches capable of promoting an effective acquisition of cognitive skills, through the practice of physical activity and sport. Physical education, according to an ecological dynamics perspective, considers the performer a complex adaptive system, which interacts with the environments in a functionally integrated way, underlining the interrelationship between motor processes, cognitive and perceptive functions. The cognitive area of Life Skills (Cognitive Life Skills, CLS), divided by the WHO, into decision making, problem solving, creative thinking and critical thinking processes, can be framed as an intrinsic part of goal-directed behaviour influenced by functional constraints determined by individual-environment interaction. Therefore, physical and sport activity practiced according to the principles of the ecological dynamic approach can be configured as an elective tool to promote the development of cognitive skills. In this article, the relevant theories of ecological dynamics are discussed and recent empirical data on the perceptual-cognitive processes which are activated through the practice of physical education and sport are described to underline the potential of such practices for the development of cognitive skills. The development of this specific theoretical transposition represents a starting point for the definition and experimentation of ecological dynamic interventions designed with the aim of investigating the effects of physical and sporting activity on the development of cognitive skills for life.

Habits of healthy living in adults former athletes of federated competition in the modality of volleyball in the province of Jaen

The main objective of this research is to know the healthy lifestyle habits of people who participated in federated competitions in volleyball in the province of Jaén once their competitive stage has ended. Therefore, to investigate whether people who in their adolescence and youth practiced a federated competitive sport in volleyball, maintain healthy lifestyle habits, referring to diet, quality of sleep, level of physical activity practice and their physical condition, in their stage of adulthood and seniority. This research has been carried out though a descriptive, cross-sectional, single measurement (Ato et al., 2013), and interpretive research; in which former athletes responded to a questionnaire about their daily habits related to health; In addition, to know the information through self-completed surveys by those who were captains and technicians of the volleyball clubs, in order to better understand their current healthy habits. The total number of subjects studied was 199 people, of which 18 were captains and 21 were coaches. When asking people about their eating habits, the majority values correspond to the response option “good”, both in women (61.5%) and in men (48.8%). The different groups of participants in the research state that they attach great importance to eating habits, nutrition, and diet quality in their daily lives. 84.6% of women and 91.9% of men consider that their current level of physical fitness is based on the sports practice of their youth. Physical-sports practice as a healthy lifestyle habit is incorporated as a healthy lifestyle habit mostly in the former athletes and sports technicians participating in this research.

Trend in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Adults in São Paulo, Brazil: Analysis between the Years 2006 and 2019.

The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obese adults in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2006 and 2019 across chronic diseases and the domains of physical activity. A descriptive retrospective study was carried out on the trend in the prevalence of 26.612 overweight and obese adults (10.150 men and 16.462 women). All data analyzed were based on information from the national system for monitoring risk factors called Protective and Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey-VIGITEL. The variables obese and overweight were analyzed in general and stratified by sex, age group, education level, each type of physical activity domain (yes or no), presence of hypertension and diabetes (yes or no), and smoking (yes or no). The prevalence of obesity significantly increased from 11.1% in 2006 to 19.8% in 2019, regardless of age, sex, physical activity practice, and presence of diabetes or hypertension, except for people aged 55-64 y, working people, and smokers. The total prevalence of overweight adults significantly increased overall (from 30.5% in 2006 to 33.4% in 2019) but it significantly increased only in females, in people aged 18-24 y, those who are non-white, those with an education level of 9-11 y, those who are not working, those who are non-smokers, those who did not have diabetes or hypertension, and those who were not physically active during leisure time but physically active at work and at home. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight adults and especially of obese adults living in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) between 2006 and 2019, the latter being observed in nearly every analyzed sub-category, regardless of age, sex, physical activity practice, and presence of diabetes or hypertension.

청소년의 신체활동횟수와 주요 사회적 문제와의 관계

Objectives This study aims to determine whether the number of physical activities of adolescents affects subjective health status and variables related to social problems. The 2021 data was used from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, a nationwide health and nutrition survey that has been conducted every three years since 1998. By confirming the relationship between physical activity and the general characteristics of adolescents and health practices, major social problems of adolescents, and health practices, we aim to provide basic data needed to find ways to improve physical activity and health in adolescents.&#x0D; Methods 442 adolescents aged 12 to 18 were selected as subjects for the study, and frequency analysis was performed on the general characteristics of the subjects and the characteristics of major social problems of adolescents, and differences between general characteristics and major social problem characteristics of adolescents according to physical activity practice were analyzed using Independent Two Sample-test and One-way ANOVA, and Scheffé 's post-test was conducted. In addition, the relationship between physical activity practice and general characteristics and major social problems among adolescents was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient.&#x0D; Results The health of our country's youth shows a high correlation to their main health problems, including lack of physical activity and exercise, easy access to smoking and drinking, and an environment in which they are easily exposed to depression, anxiety, and stress. This study also found that drinking alcohol has a negative impact on the youth's body. It appeared to be a variable closely related to activity.&#x0D; Conclusions In conclusion, this study is significant in that it empirically investigated the relationship between the number of physical activities, subjective health perception, and social problems of adolescents, and in particular, it is academic in that it provided implications for promoting adolescent health by using reliable.&#x0D;

Effects of Regular Exercise on the Biochemical, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Profiles and Quality of Life in Older Spaniards with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The regular practice of physical activity is a crucial factor for healthy aging and for controlling and preventing chronic diseases. To assess the effects of regular physical activity on the biochemical and inflammatory profiles, as well as the quality of life of older adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Participants (aged 55-70 years; living in the Balearic Islands, Spain) were divided into two groups (n = 50 each) according to the degree of physical activity measured by metabolic equivalents of task (METs). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, biochemical and hematological parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured. Beck Depression Inventory and adherence to the Mediterranean diet questionnaires, as well as the Dietary Inflammatory Index, chair test, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity, were also determined. The characterization of the patients was similar in both groups, showing a homogeneous sample. The group with the highest METs experienced a decrease in depression and an increase in the intensity of physical activity. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HRQoL physical dimensions increased in participants with the highest METs, also showing a decrease in glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin values. Inflammatory biomarkers, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and osteoprotegerin, decreased in patients practicing more physical activity. High levels of physical activity are related to a healthier lifestyle, characterized by high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, decreased depressive behavior, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in older people with metabolic syndrome.