Green Building Practices Research Articles

A Framework for Implementing Green Building Practices in Abuja, Nigeria

A Framework for Implementing Green Building Practices in Abuja, Nigeria

The impact of board gender diversity on green building practices: Moving beyond traditional linear and logistic specifications

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between sustainability and gender equality by analyzing how the percentage of women on the board of directors (still less than 50% in most cases) influences a company's commitment to green building practices. For this analysis, we estimate 30 competing multivariate pooled and panel data logistic specifications, including the gender diversity factor in both its traditional and polynomial forms. This methodological innovation (the polynomial form) allows for the examination of gender diversity's relationship with other variables beyond conventional models that assume constant effects, thus enabling a more realistic depiction of impacts that vary with the degree of diversity. Our dataset includes companies listed on the Euro Stoxx 300 and Standard & Poor's 500 for the period 2010–2021. The findings indicate that, in both indices, an increased percentage of women on the board (and a higher Blau diversity index) correlates with a greater propensity for sustainable building practices, up to a threshold nearing parity. The impacts are more significant in Europe than in the U.S., where board gender diversity appears to have a lesser influence on green building initiatives. The specification that best models the relationship between sustainable building practices and gender diversity, along with other relevant factors, is a multivariate panel data logistic model with the gender diversity factor included as a cubic polynomial for companies listed on the Euro Stoxx 300. A similar model, but with the gender factor in a quadratic polynomial form, was selected for companies listed on the Standard & Poor's 500. Therefore, the impact function of gender diversity on sustainable building practices is not constant but depends on the existing degree of board gender diversity, with the shape of the impact function differing between Europe and the U.S. Additionally, the study finds that other board characteristics—larger boards, longer tenures of directors, and higher compensation for senior executives—are associated with an increased propensity towards green practices in both the European and U.S. contexts. Conversely, linking CEO compensation to shareholder returns reduces this propensity. Moreover, the number of non‐executive directors and the overlap between the Chairperson and CEO positions do not significantly impact this propensity.

Mechanical carbon emission assessment during prefabricated building deconstruction based on BIM and multi-objective optimization

Machinery operation is a major source of carbon emissions in building deconstruction. Early intervention through Design for Deconstruction (DfD) is crucial for emission reduction, yet the factors influencing these emissions are underexplored. This study integrates parametric BIM with multi-objective optimization (MOO) to assess mechanical carbon emissions in deconstruction. Using the Octopus solver in Grasshopper for Rhino, the study analyzes independent variables—possible working hours (PWH), vertical speed (VS), and horizontal speed (HS)—and dependent variables—minimum mechanical carbon emissions (MCE (min)), minimum deconstruction period (DP (min)), and maximum working efficiency (WE (max)). A lightweight steel roof truss structure is analyzed, comparing real-world deconstruction with optimized DfD schemes. Sensitivity analysis for BIM-MOO optimized results reveal that: (1) Adjusting PWH, VS, and HS significantly affects WE and DP, though with limited impact on carbon emissions; (2) VS influences WE and DP more than HS; (3) Limiting DP is essential for balancing WE, DP, and MCE, with WE adjusted to 20–60% and modifications to PWH and VS achieving balanced management. This study underscores the importance of early design and real-time adjustments for efficient, low-emission deconstruction, supporting the advancement of green building practices.

Hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete and conventional concrete: a comparative analysis

This study presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete and conventional concrete, with a focus on their energy-saving potential and moisture regulation capabilities. Through detailed numerical simulations, the research examines how these two materials perform under identical climatic conditions, highlighting key differences in their ability to retain heat and manage moisture. The results reveal that hemp concrete provides up to 80% less thermal energy dissipation through building walls compared to conventional concrete, making it a far superior material for thermal insulation. In addition, hemp concrete exhibits improved moisture regulation, which not only enhances indoor comfort but also promotes healthier living environments by preventing excessive humidity. The study emphasizes hemp concrete's potential in significantly reducing energy consumption in buildings, thus promoting its application in sustainable construction. While hemp concrete lacks the mechanical strength required for load-bearing applications, its numerous environmental benefits, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for non-structural components make it an attractive choice for eco-friendly construction projects. This research also paves the way for future exploration of innovative uses for hemp-based materials in green building practices.

Barriers to the Effective Selection of Sustainable Materials for Residential Building Projects: A Qualitative Study

Although sustainability in Tanzania’s construction sector has been explored in areas such as energy efficiency and green building practices, little attention has been given to understanding the specific barriers to the selection of SBMs in residential projects. This study fills that gap by identifying and analyzing the critical barriers hindering the effective selection of SBMs in Tanzania’s residential construction sector. Through qualitative interviews with experts from regulatory bodies, public developers, and academic researchers, this research provides a comprehensive examination of these barriers. Using Atlas.ti 23 software for a qualitative data analysis, six key categories of barriers were identified: (1) Regulatory and Policy Barriers, (2) Financial Barriers, (3) Knowledge and Awareness Barriers, (4) Technical Barriers, (5) Market and Supply Chain Issues, and (6) Cultural and Social Barriers. Among these, lack of awareness and limited knowledge emerged as particularly significant, alongside regulatory and policy barriers, in hindering the effective selection of SBMs. This study’s novelty lies in its focus on the Tanzanian context, depth of the analysis of the unique challenges, and categorization of the barriers. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions, particularly in raising awareness, offering financial incentives, and establishing comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, this study presents a graphical representation to illustrate the categories and constructs of these barriers, adding a visual dimension to the understanding of the issues. Future research should expand the scope to include private developers and material suppliers, whose roles are critical in enhancing the availability and adoption of SBMs in Tanzania’s construction industry.

Unleashing the Power of Civil Society: Examining the Impact of the Saudi Green Building Forum in Advancing Eco-friendly Construction in Saudi Arabia

This paper delves into the role of civil society in propelling green building practices, one key to a sustainable future. It focuses on the Saudi Green Building Forum (SGBF) “in Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, since 2017” as a case study that illuminates how civil society organizations contribute to environmental stewardship, social equity, and economic prosperity in the construction sector. The concept of green building is traced from its origins through its global development, explicitly emphasizing notable examples from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Saudi Arabia. The paper reassures the audience by outlining the unique and robust alignment of SGBF’s initiatives and its support for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), underscoring its commitment to global sustainability. The study presents a descriptive analysis based on desktop research, illustrating the transformative impact of civil society in promoting sustainable construction practices through the SGBF. Key aspects covered include the historical evolution of the green building movement, successful implementations of green building standards, and the activation of civil society institutions and organizations in driving sustainability. The paper showcases SGBF’s strategies and projects as exemplary models of civil society’s contribution to greening the built environment and fostering a sustainable future in Saudi Arabia and beyond. The objective is to inspire by highlighting civil society’s far-reaching impact on the construction sector’s environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainable development.

A Framework for Industry 4.0 Related Green Concept Integration of Services Component in Commercial Buildings

The effects of global warming are far-reaching and can affect and threaten every aspect of human existence. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have mainly contributed to the emission of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Construction activities and practices are one such human activity. Building services are the aspects of a building that ensure the occupants are comfortable and secure within the building. However, building services use resources such as energy and water to create such comfort. The 4.0 era of industry has introduced dimensions to Green Building Concepts and practices of creating structures and processes that are environmentally friendly, responsible and resource efficient. This research, therefore, seeks to develop a framework for the integration of Industry 4.0-related green concepts into services in commercial buildings. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted in this research to provide information concerning integrating green concepts into building services in commercial buildings in Nigeria. Data were collected with questionnaires from 106 built environment professionals who also use commercial buildings in the study area of Abuja. Statistical tools for frequency, percentage, mean score, relative important index (RII), independent samples t test, Mann–Whitney U test and the factor reduction method based on eigen values were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that quality indoor air conditioning is the most critical satisfaction parameter for users within commercial buildings, with an average mean score of 3.81. The aesthetic effect of installed services on the building façade and high-quality building services components was ranked high, with an average mean score of 3.33 for each. The results also indicated that the lack of relevant technology and inadequate training of service personnel hindered the growth of green building concepts in Nigeria. These factors had a mean score of 4.35 each. Professionals ranked energy efficient/saving bulbs, e.g., CFLs, remote controlled, sensored lights, natural daylight, solar photovoltaic panels and building management systems, as the most effective green components that can be incorporated into commercial buildings. These factors and others were combined to create a framework for integrating green concepts for services into commercial buildings. When the construction industry and government in Nigeria adopt this framework, it can promote more integration of green concepts into commercial building services.

Adapting Green Building Practices and Smart Technology in Developing Countries

This paper reviews the integration of green building practices and smart technologies in developing countries, focusing on the challenges and opportunities these regions face. While developed nations have advanced significantly in sustainability through green building certifications and smart systems, developing countries encounter barriers such as financial constraints, limited technical expertise, and insufficient policy frameworks. This research employs a systematic literature review to examine case studies from Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, exploring how these regions can adapt sustainable practices to their unique socio-economic and environmental conditions. The findings reveal that despite significant challenges, green building and smart technologies offer long-term benefits, including improved energy efficiency, reduced operational costs, and enhanced quality of life. Successful adaptations, such as using locally sourced materials and implementing low-cost smart systems, demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable development even in regions with limited resources. Case studies from Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya showcase promising examples where sustainable construction has been successfully integrated. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing an in-depth analysis of the factors enabling or hindering the adoption of green building and smart technologies in developing nations. The research concludes that stronger governmental support, enhanced technical training, and broader awareness campaigns are essential to overcoming these barriers. Key recommendations include implementing financial incentives for developers, scaling successful green building projects, and fostering public-private partnerships to promote innovation. Additionally, the study calls for policy reforms that align with international sustainability goals while considering local challenges. In conclusion, the integration of green building practices and smart technologies presents a viable solution for sustainable urbanization in developing countries, offering a path toward environmental and economic resilience.

Green building and energy efficient design

In the construction industry, adopting strategies such as energy-efficient design or construction as well as green building construction technologies will minimize environmental harm and promote sustainability. The energy efficiency is emphasized as a core part of sustainability within the architecture, also as the perceiving ‘what is…’, its methods and benefits, green building concepts are explored. It includes energy efficiency, water efficiency, materials efficiency, interior environmental quality and site and building design efficiency. There is mention of a range of energy efficiency measures including the use of advanced insulation systems, passive solar design, energy management techniques, and the use of renewable energy sources. All these points bear very clearly the projections for enhancement of urban landscapes and health of the world while also looking into the challenges and possibilities for the future of the green building practices.

Photocatalytic inactivation of bio-aerosol using surface-active iron-titanium thin film immobilized on sustainable cementitious composite

The current research introduces a novel in-situ and visibly-active heterojunction formation concept to fabricate a sustainable antimicrobial cementitious material. To achieve this, cement mortar incorporating iron-rich industrial waste products (FWPs) was outer-coated with photocatalyst Titanium dioxide (TiO2). The proposed technique forms a novel surface-active Fe2TiO5 heterojunction oxide layer, which considerably improves the photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of TiO2 under the visible spectrum of light. Primarily, the study evaluated the structural suitability of the developed iron-rich cementitious material in terms of its durability and strength properties. The findings indicate that the iron-rich cementitious material performed better than conventional cementitious material. After this, the effectiveness and novelty of the proposed research were examined, such that the Fe2TiO5 photocomposite was subjected to detailed microscopic investigations such as XRD, HRTEM, UV-DRS, XPS, FESEM, etc. The results verified the production of the inherent Fe2TiO5 heterojunction through the presence of Fe in the photocatalyst TiO2 lattice via the formation of ITO complex bonds. It also revealed that the Fe2TiO5 photocomposite functions effectively under visible light with an energy band gap of 2.57 eV. The antimicrobial activity of the Fe2TiO5 photocomposite was also assessed by neutralizing E.coli bioaerosols. The disinfection results indicated that the Fe2TiO5 photocomposite exhibits excellent antimicrobial properties. It achieved 69.33 % and 95–98 % antibacterial efficiency under dark and visible light, respectively. Thus, the study establishes a Fe2TiO5 photocomposite material that combines photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties, making it suitable for use as a sustainable building material. Also, it contributes to environmental sustainability by promoting a circular economy and green building practices.

Fuzzy-Based Decision Support Model for Assessing Green Building Performance

Global warming is currently a major environmental issue that is capable of causing unpredictable climate changes. The phenomenon is due to the accumulation of gases and carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere, partly attributed to building operation and construction. The Green Building Rating System (GBRS) is developed to assess and measure the level of green building practices to address this problem. The assessments have typically been conducted using conventional methods that require parameters to meet specific criteria. However, certain parameter values cannot be calculated using objective methods, such as bias, time series, and distance values. The existence of these challenges leads to the development and integration of the Decision Support Model (DSM) into the GBRS in the research. The DSM uses a mathematical model, Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and conventional methods to handle the parameter values. Moreover, data related to the parameters are collected and analyzed quantitatively. As a result, the DSM-GBRS model is successfully implemented with two findings. First, there are 83 parameters, related to policy, retrofit, construction, and utilization aspects based on Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 21 Tahun 2021. Second, the model provides precise decision values by splitting the treatment into four types: conventional, Fuzzy logic, slope, and Euclidean distance to ensure a comprehensive assessment of green building performance.

Evaluating the Implementation of Green Building Materials in the Construction Sector of Developing Nations

The use of conventional building materials in the construction sector significantly contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in considerable environmental damage across Pakistan. Embracing sustainable building materials is crucial for mitigating pollution, conserving energy, and enhancing indoor air quality through the utilization of recycled and renewable resources, reducing environmental pollution. The focus of this study is to explore the adoption of green building materials within Pakistan's construction sector, particularly aiming to mitigate environmental impacts, including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The objectives include identification of sustainable materials, evaluation of their benefits and drawbacks, and the provision of recommendations for effective implementation. The research methodology includes the administration of closed-ended questionnaires, the conduct of interviews, and the observation process, utilizing both planned and random sampling techniques to ensure the collection of reliable data. The findings indicate a limited interest in eco-friendly materials, constrained by factors such as high costs, low market demand, and logistical challenges. Cronbach's alpha value is 0.926, which shows high internal consistency and reliability. The study highlights that 73% of construction firms in Pakistan do not use green building materials. This research distinguishes itself through a thorough evaluation of sustainable materials specifically suited to Pakistan’s industry, providing strategic insights to address current challenges and foster green building practices. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-015 Full Text: PDF

Indoor Environment Design and Energy Saving Analysis of Sustainable Development Integrated with Green Building

Modern architectural design has gradually distanced itself from the actual living needs of urban residents in the process of pursuing the integration of architecture and nature. To achieve the perfect combination of sustainable ecological concepts and effective energy utilization, green buildings have become an actively pursued design concept. Unlike relying solely on high-tech means, the core goal of green buildings is to build an environmentally friendly building environment by achieving sustainable and efficient utilization of energy and resources. In the design phase, green buildings should focus on functionality and economy, and be tailored to the local economic conditions, regional characteristics, natural resources, and climate conditions of the building's location to create green buildings with unique architectural and regional characteristics. This article endeavors to furnish both theoretical underpinnings and practical directives for the indoor environment design and energy conservation efforts of green buildings. By delving into the pivotal role of indoor environments as an essential architectural component, it integrates sustainable development principles with green building practices and delves into the intricate relationship between indoor environment design and energy efficiency, thus offering valuable insights and guidance for achieving sustainable and energy-efficient indoor spaces. In this process, this article examines the energy and resource utilization benefits that green building design can achieve, as well as the specific impact of indoor environment improvement on the quality of life of residents. Through an in-depth analysis of these aspects, this article aims to provide substantial contributions to achieving the sustainable development goals of green buildings. The experimental comparison results show that in terms of natural ventilation design, compared to mechanical ventilation, the proposed scheme can achieve an annual energy cost savings of 20%.

Urbanization and Its Impact on Real Estate Development in Uganda

Urbanization in Uganda is driving significant transformations, impacting the dynamics of cities and the real estate sector. As rural populations migrate to urban centers like Kampala, Entebbe, and Mbarara for better opportunities, the resulting population growth pressures existing infrastructure and exacerbates housing shortages. This surge in demand for residential and commercial properties necessitates substantial investments and innovative approaches to expand and upgrade urban infrastructure. The housing market faces a stark contrast between luxury developments and underserved informal settlements, highlighting the need for affordable housing solutions and policies. Urbanization also offers opportunities for sustainable and smart city development, integrating green building practices, renewable energy, and advanced technologies to enhance urban resilience and efficiency. Government policies and urban planning initiatives are crucial in promoting sustainable growth, affordable housing, and robust infrastructure development. By addressing infrastructure needs, implementing innovative housing solutions, and adopting sustainable urban planning, Uganda can create vibrant, inclusive, and resilient cities for the future. Keywords: Urbanization, Real estate development, Infrastructure, Affordable housing, Sustainable cities.

SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDING INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICES

In recent years, green building practices have received tremendous global attention for their ability to protect the environment and foster sustainable development, and Malaysia, one of the fastest-growing countries, is enthusiastically embracing the green building movement. However, throughout the construction period of this green building, many issues occurred that contributed to the deterioration of the performance of the building itself. This research aims to identify the main issues faced by green building projects in Malaysia to ensure the performance of the building can be maintained and improved, by using a questionnaire survey that collects the views of 72 experienced participants. The findings reveal that operation and maintenance are urgent issues that need to be addressed in Malaysian green building projects, underscoring the need for policy intervention. Overall, this study can support the regulation of green building maintenance, underlining the critical nature of recognizing and addressing these issues collectively to foster the growth and success of green building initiatives in the Malaysian construction industry, thereby contributing to a more sustainable construction environment throughout the country.

BIM-based building performance assessment of green buildings - A case study from China

In China, traditional buildings have begun to exhibit a range of issues, such as elevated levels of energy consumption and pollution. Consequently, these concerns have led to substantial resource inefficiency and environmental degradation. The evaluation and examination of green buildings are of utmost importance in promoting sustainable development. The current green building assessment framework is intricate and lacks sufficient development in terms of visual representation. Developing a green building strategy during the initial design phase is a multifaceted process that necessitates substantial allocation of human, material, financial, and temporal resources. In this study, we propose an assessment framework that incorporates a 15 s-level and 45 three-level green building indicator system, along with a 4-level classification standard. This framework is developed based on the most recent Chinese Assessment Standard for Green Building and the utilization of a Building Information Modeling (BIM) database. Furthermore, the integration of BIM with Pathfinder software is employed to assess the safety aspects of green buildings. On top of that, the combination of BIM with Ecotect software is utilized to evaluate the environmental aspects of green buildings. In this study, we performed a case study on a teaching building located at a university in central China, specifically focusing on the simulation of green building practices. The sequential calculation involves determining the duration of personnel evacuation, assessing the lighting conditions, evaluating the thermal conditions, analyzing the sound conditions, and examining the wind conditions. In addition, efforts were made to optimize the indicators requiring enhancement in order to enhance the efficacy of green buildings.

China's green building revolution: Path to sustainable urban futures

This paper critically examines the significant strides China has made toward sustainable urban development, emphasizing the evolution of green building practices since 2015. Through a detailed analysis of green building policies under China's 13th and 14th Five-Year Plans, as well as the General Code for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization, this study highlights the progressive integration of sustainability in construction. Notable advancements include the implementation of stringent energy efficiency standards and the incorporation of renewable energy technologies, which have collectively shifted the paradigm of architectural practices in urban China. Moreover, the paper draws upon several case studies, such as the Shanghai Chenghuaxinyuan Project and Mini Sky City, to illustrate the tangible outcomes and the effectiveness of these policies in real-world settings. These examples not only demonstrate significant reductions in energy consumption and carbon emissions but also reflect the scalability and replicability of such initiatives in other urban contexts. Key findings suggest that China's proactive policy landscape has catalyzed a national movement towards environmentally responsible construction, setting a global benchmark for sustainable urban development. The paper argues that these policy-driven initiatives have important implications for practitioners, who are encouraged to adopt innovative construction technologies and sustainable practices. For policymakers, the study underscores the necessity of continuous support for research and development in green technology, coupled with robust regulatory frameworks to sustain momentum in the green building sector. Finally, the paper offers comprehensive recommendations aimed at enhancing the efficacy and adoption of green building practices, proposing that future policy directions should focus on integrating smart city technologies to further optimize energy use and urban sustainability.

Decarbonization of Africa: Metamorphosing the Continent for Sustainable Trajectories

Africa has witnessed significant economic growth and development in recent years, driven by digitalization, industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancements. Despite contributing only a small fraction of global carbon dioxide emissions, Africa is facing the adverse impacts of climate change at an accelerated rate, with warming occurring faster than the global average. The urgent need to identify sustainable approaches for decarbonizing Africa has become paramount. This article highlights the challenges and pragmatic approaches to achieving decarbonization in Africa. The challenges encompass economic, social, and technological aspects, including difficulties in incorporating highly renewable energy and the lack of consideration given to system integration and non-financial aspects. Insufficient investments in low-carbon technologies, the absence of national-level commitments, and limited policies and financing options hinder progress toward decarbonization. Various pragmatic approaches are proposed to address these challenges. Expanding renewable energy sources through financial incentives and partnerships is crucial. Enhancing energy efficiency across sectors, promoting sustainable transportation, and adopting green building practices can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Emphasizing sustainable agriculture, forest conservation, and improving access to clean cooking services are vital for mitigating climate change and enhancing public health. Furthermore, international cooperation and financing are crucial in mobilizing resources for clean energy projects and decarbonization initiatives. Strengthening partnerships and creating supportive regulatory frameworks can attract private sector investment and promote a sustainable, low-carbon future for Africa.

Sustainable architectural practices: Integrating green design, smart technologies, and ultra-low energy concepts

This comprehensive study delves into the integration of green building practices, smart technologies, and ultra-low energy consumption strategies in modern architecture. Through a meticulous examination of existing green buildings, the implementation of smart technology, and the achievements of ultra-low energy structures, this paper highlights the pivotal role these practices play in promoting environmental sustainability and operational efficiency. By analyzing life cycle assessments, energy efficiency models, and the application of renewable energy sources, we provide a quantitative and qualitative overview of the benefits and challenges associated with sustainable architectural practices. The analysis reveals significant environmental impacts, including reduced carbon emissions and lower water usage, alongside notable economic benefits such as decreased operational costs and enhanced property values. Furthermore, the paper explores the technological integration of smart systems, emphasizing the importance of innovative solutions for optimizing building performance. Through detailed case studies and real-world applications, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of these integrated approaches in achieving sustainable, efficient, and comfortable living and working environments. This study not only underscores the necessity of adopting sustainable practices in architecture but also provides a roadmap for future developments in the field.

ESTIMATION OF GREEN BUILDING OVER CONVENTIONAL BUILDING

This report investigates the comparative costs and benefits of green building versus conventional building practices. By integrating five advanced techniques: Biophilic Design, Passive House Design Strategies, Digital Twin Technology, Net Zero Energy Techniques, and Water Harvesting System into the construction of a conventional building, we transformed it into a green building at an additional cost of approximately ₹6,72,420. The total cost for constructing the green building amounted to ₹24,23,876.78, inclusive of the base cost of a conventional building. The study outlines a comprehensive methodological approach, which includes creating theoretical models, conducting cost analyses using current market rates in India, and evaluating environmental impacts through carbon emissions calculations. The findings reveal that although the initial costs for green buildings are higher, they offer substantial long-term benefits, including reduced operational expenses, improved occupant health, and minimized environmental footprints. Green buildings are designed to maximize resource efficiency, enhance indoor air quality, and utilize renewable energy sources, resulting in significant energy savings and reduced carbon emissions. This investment in sustainable construction practices not only promotes environmental stewardship but also ensures economic viability through long-term savings and improved occupant well-being. The transition to green buildings is a crucial step towards addressing climate change and fostering sustainable development for future generations. This report underscores the importance of adopting green building techniques and demonstrates that the benefits far outweigh the initial financial outlay, making green buildings a worthwhile investment for a sustainable future.