Power Supply Options Research Articles

Game theory-based electricity pricing decisions incorporating prosumer energy preferences and renewable portfolio standard

The implementation of renewable energy-based power generation substantially enhances the greenness of the energy market. Concerns about pricing policies and widespread renewable energy (RE) industries have resulted in ongoing economic conflicts among stakeholders, including power companies (PCs) and different prosumer groups. This study proposes a game theory framework embedded in a pricing model to examine the influences of three-part tariff (3 PT) and renewable portfolio standard (RPS) on electricity pricing. Employing a Stackelberg game, the objective is to maximize stakeholders' profits through a sequential decision-making relationship between PCs (as the leader), and residential and industrial prosumers (as the followers). The findings reveal that the PC can maximize profit by coordinating the 3 PT and RPS, regardless of environmental awareness. Furthermore, given the prosumers’ preference for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, the PC should employ a comprehensive approach encompassing 3 PT, P2P, and buy-back to maximize the total profit. On the energy trading platform, the relationship between residential and industrial prosumers is mutually beneficial, with the P2P scheme allowing residents to sell electricity while the industry approaches a lower electricity price from peer channels. Overall, understanding the energy preferences of prosumers should provide flexible and reliable power supply options for different groups of prosumers.

Системный анализ методов расчета систем электроснабжения карьеров

To optimize decisions on the choice of power supply options and obtain the greatest technical and economic efficiency in computer-aided design, it is necessary to improve the methodological base, develop economic and mathematical models of the most important and labor-intensive problems and algorithms for solving them using modern computer technology. In this work, a block diagram of an algorithm for computeraided design of power supply systems for quarries has been developed. The scheme provides the ability to calculate electrical loads taking into account the features of technology and mechanization of mining operations, select the number and power of transformer substations, calculate quarry distribution systems, compare options for power supply schemes taking into account changes in electrical loads and the dynamics of mining operations.

Efficient Deployment of Wired Intercom Systems

This paper delves into the planning and execution of a wired intercom system with the intention of enhancing communication efficiency in residential and commercial environments. A wired intercom system provides a dependable and efficient means of communication between people located in different rooms or areas of a building or property, allowing for uninterrupted communication. Substations are placed in designated rooms or zones, while master stations are strategically placed throughout the paper. The careful selection of appropriate wiring, the availability of alternative power supply options, and, if necessary, the incorporation of the existing infrastructure are all factors that are taken into consideration. The main goal of the wired intercom system is to provide users with a dependable and user-friendly way of communicating that is customized to their individual requirements through meticulous planning, execution, and validation. The above abstract demonstrates the usefulness and adaptability of wired intercom systems.

Research and Design of a Novel Hygiene Protection Handrail Based on Pyroelectric Infrared Sensing

This article focuses on the widespread prevention of public health incidents and the promotion of smart cities, proposing a low-cost and widely accessible intelligent health protection railing based on pyroelectric infrared sensing. The railing consists of three main components: power supply, monitoring, and operation. In terms of power supply, the intelligent railing can be divided into solar-powered and electric-powered types depending on its usage. The monitoring part is mainly composed of pyroelectric infrared sensors, which constantly monitor the movement of individuals to determine whether to activate the ultraviolet disinfection function. The core of the operation part is the design of ultraviolet disinfection. When the sensors detect human movement, the railing automatically activates the ultraviolet disinfection function. These three components are organically integrated into the railing body and controlled by a 51 microcontroller. The various power supply options, strong applicability, high safety, and superior effectiveness of ultraviolet disinfection complement each other, making the railing widely applicable and highly functional. The design of this new type of health protection railing, with the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and broad applicability, allows the general public to complete disinfection and protection without affecting their normal behavior, thus serving the purpose of preventing public health incidents and assisting in the advancement of smart cities.

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Power Supply Optimization with V2X Capabilities Based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

The European Union is committed to both lowering greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) on its roads. To achieve these goals, it is imperative to speed up the development of the charging infrastructure as well as to ensure the effective integration of the charging infrastructure into distribution networks. Given that EV charging costs significantly contribute to the total cost of owning an EV, it is important to hedge against rising electricity prices and ensure affordable charging for the end users. Connecting solar power plants and battery storage to the electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) serves as a measure of hedging against potential future electricity price increases but also as an option that can contribute to reducing impact on the distribution network loading. In addition to this, connecting EVCS through grid connections of existing consumers (office/residential buildings, shopping malls, etc.) can reduce grid connection costs for EVCS but also contribute to electricity cost reduction for both EVCS and existing end consumers. Additionally, by integrating advanced charging strategies like the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) approach, the overall charging costs can be reduced even further. This paper focuses on optimizing the power supply and operation of EVCS by considering strategic investments in grid connection, photovoltaic plants, and battery energy storage. The research explores the potential savings derived from reduced energy/charging costs, along with the reduction in peak power expenses for different power supply options. In addition to this, the research explores the effect of different EV charging strategies as well as EVCS grid connection on optimal investments and total system costs. The combined investment and energy management problem is focused on determining the optimal EVCS power supply and operation while minimizing total investment and operation expenditures over the project lifetime. The underlying optimization problems for different supply scenarios are cast as mixed-integer linear programming problems that can be solved efficiently. The results show the influence of different grid connection options and EV charging strategies on the joint operation and costs of EVCS and existing buildings.

Portable self-charging power unit with integrated flexible supercapacitor and triboelectric nanogenerator

In recent years, with the rapid growth of intelligent electronic devices, there is a growing need for portable and sustainable energy sources. Self-charging power storage devices, owing to their green and environmentally friendly nature, simple structure, low cost, and maintenance-free characteristics, have emerged as the most promising solution. To this work, we perform an integrated self-charging motive power unit with silver nanowires (AgNW) doped silicon rubber based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and carbon cloth (CC) based solid-state supercapacitor. The assembled NiMn-LDH@CC//PVA-KOH//Fe2O3@CC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), exhibits good capacity and stability as an energy storage component. In terms of the TENG, it effectively captures the energy from human body movements by single electrode structure, and demonstrates remarkable stability even during continuous operation for 2000 s. By integrating the self-charging energy storage device with the combined capabilities of the ASC and the TENG, this technology offers a one-stop solution for energy harvesting and storage. Therefore, this novel integrated self-charging power unit holds good promise to offer a practical and reliable power supply option for electronic systems.

AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY ON SOLID FUEL AND BIOGAS

"The article considers two options for autonomous power supply using both traditional and non-traditional fuels. The efficiency of using renewable energy sources is described depending on the climate, geographical location and method of energy production. The relevance of this topic is caused by increasingly high environmental requirements for production. Moreover, decentralization with the use of unconventional sources allows the energy system to be more flexible in an autonomous mode, taking into account the time of day, the intensity of solar, wind and hydropower. The use of renewable energy sources is also possible in combination with solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Combined systems are very convenient for power supply of small objects. These can be settlements remote from centralized power supply, autonomous industrial facilities, peasant farms, livestock farms. One of the energy supply options is more suitable for the northern region of the country with a long cold period and the presence of large coal reserves, there is an opportunity for the consumer to receive gas, as well as heat and electric energy when using coal as a feedstock, a kind of local gas network. The second method will ensure the disposal of animal waste and organic waste. Keywords: alternative energy sources, biogas, gaseous fuel, coal processing, autonomous power supply."

Methodological Aspects of the Technical and Economic Assessment of Rural Power Supply Systems

The issues of rural power supply and the importance of local systems for providing agricultural production with electricity are considered. A system of indicators for a comprehensive technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the use of various power supply options is proposed, taking into account the features of the economic assessment of the use of bioenergy plants in agriculture.

On the design and optimization of distributed energy resources for sustainable grid-integrated microgrid in Ethiopia

This paper presents a study that focuses on alleviating the impacts of grid outages in Ethiopia. To deal with grid outages, most industrial customers utilize backup diesel generators (DG) which are environmentally unfriendly and economically not viable. Grid-integration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) might be a possible solution to enhance grid reliability and reduce environmental and economic impacts of utilizing DG. In this study, an optimization of grid integrated HRES is carried out for different dispatch and control strategies. The optimal power supply option is determined by performing comparative analysis of the different configurations of grid integrated HRES. The result of the study shows that grid integrated HRES consisting of photovoltaic and wind turbine as renewable energy sources, and battery and hydrogen as hybrid energy storage systems is found to be the optimal system to supply the load demand. From the hydrogen produced on-site, the FC generator and FCEVs consume 143 620 kg/yr of hydrogen which is equivalent to 394 955 kg/yr gasoline fuel consumption. This corresponds to saving 1 184 865 kg/yr of CO2 emissions and 605 703 $/yr revenue. Besides, this system yields 547 035.4 $/yr revenue by injecting excess electricity to the grid. The study clearly shows the economic and environmental viability of this new technology for implementation.

Decarbonised Future Regional Airport Infrastructure

Sustainability and, especially, emission reductions are significant challenges for airports currently being addressed. The Clean Sky 2 project GENESIS addresses the environmental sustainability of hybrid-electric 50-passenger aircraft systems in a life cycle perspective to support the development of a technology roadmap for the transition to sustainable and competitive electric aircraft systems. This article originates from the GENESIS research and describes various options for ground power supply at a regional airport. Potential solutions for airport infrastructure with a short (2030), medium (2040) and long (2050) time horizon are proposed. This analysis includes estimating the future energy demand per day, month and year. In addition, the current flight plan based on conventional aircraft is adapted to the needs of a 50-PAX regional aircraft. Thus, this article provides an overview of the energy demand of a regional airport, divided into individual time horizons.

A review of renewable energy based power supply options for telecom towers.

Telecom services play a vital role in the socio-economic development of a country. The number of people using these services is growing rapidly with further enhance growth expected in future. Consequently, the number of telecom towers that are critical for providing such services has also increased correspondingly. Such an increase in the number of telecom towers in a country implies a corresponding increase in the electricity demand of the country. Moreover, in view of growing concerns about climate change, it is necessary that the decarbonization of telecom towers is prioritized so as to minimize their carbon footprint. In view of the above, the primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of various renewable energy-based systems and the advantages they offer for powering telecom towers, based on a review of the existing literature and fieldinstallations. Telecom towers are powered by hybrid energy systems that incorporate renewable energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, and microturbines. Utilizing these systems helps to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and consequently mitigates the anthropogenic carbon emissions. Moreover, information related to growth of the telecom industry, telecom tower configurations and power supply needs, conventional power supply options, and hybrid system combinations and their benefits. Several field installations of renewable energy-based hybrid systems have also been summarized. This review can help to evaluate appropriate low-carbon technologies and also to develop policy instruments to promote renewable energy-based telecom tower power systems.

Regulation of feeding part of complex of vibroacoustic diagnostics of rotary units of rolling stock

The article deals with the study of parameters of power supply control systems for the position of non-disassembly vibroacoustic diagnostics of rotary units of rolling stock. It is assumed that the power sources transmit constant electricity to bring the traction motors of electric locomotives and electric trains into rotation with the required frequency at the position of non-disassembly diagnostics of bearings. Experiments were performed following the MatLab/Simulink software. Analytical methods are used to determine the parameters of traction motors of electric rolling stock according to the program and the parameters of the controlled part as the power factor of various power supply options. The energy indicators of electric traction motors of electric rolling stock were determined in tabular and analytical forms, controlled parameters with different power coefficients of power sources. Based on the assessment of the energy indicators of various power supply options, it is concluded that it is advisable to use a circuit with a pulse converter in the position of vibroacoustic diagnostics of rotary assemblies. A variant of an energy–efficient power supply for non-disassembled vibroacoustic diagnostics is proposed, including an uncontrolled semiconductor rectifier and a pulse converter executed on an IGBT transistor. A radical way to increase the power factor of the power supply is using pulse voltage regulation.

Технико-экономическая сравнительная оценка локальной системы электроснабжения крупнотоварного агропромышленного предприятия

The power supply of agro-industrial enterprises depends on qualitative power supply. The application of local sources of power supply for the large commercial enterprises and their associations makes it possible to eliminate the disadvantages of centralized power supply. The article justifi es the transition from centralized power supply to local power sources for rural consumers. The authors developed a criterion to estimate power supply options for agro-industrial objects. The criterion is an integral index including capital investments in power source and current costs of its operation. Using the criterion and taking into account the conditions of energy comparability of the compared variants, we can determine the most preferable engineering power supply system of agro-industrial objects. Using the example of “AgroPromkomplektatsiya” holding divisions, the author analytically proved the relevance, expediency, and eff ectiveness of using the local source of energy supply (mini-CHP) - an autonomous 3 MW energy complex based on the innovative gas piston unit GPU “Jenbacher”. The actual common grid electricity tariff was 6.41 rubles/kWh, while the cost of electricity based on the innovative gas piston unit amounted to 3.34 rubles/kWh.

Development of Microstrip Decimeter Antennas with Circular Polarization

Modern design variants of microstrip antennas with circular polarization are considered, in which circular polarization is created using single-point and two-point power supply. To manufacture the studied antenna model with circular polarization, the simplest form of the antenna was chosen; the one with a radiator in the form of a continuous circle, which is powered by a two-point scheme. With regard to use in intra-object telemetry systems, the frequency of operation range of 640 ... 650 MHz was chosen. Two options for a two-point power supply of such an antenna were studied - with the help of a symmetrical and asymmetric square strip bridge. Calculation, coordination and tuning simulation of power divider variants were performed. As a result, the manufactured layout of the first antenna design turned out to be three-layered, the second - two-layered. The technique for creating antennas includes an estimated calculation of geometric dimensions, which was further refined using computer simulation in the CST Microwave Studio program. Frequency tuning of the completed antenna layouts is carried out using adjusting teeth along the contour of the round radiator. The study of the created antenna layouts showed better manufacturability and stability of the characteristics of a two-layer structure compared to a three-layer one. Therefore, a two-layer round antenna with a point-to-point power supply was chosen for production. It is designed for telemetric radio channels inside enclosed spaces. The measurements performed showed that the manufactured antenna operates in right-hand circular polarization with an ellipticity factor of 1.2 dB. The standing wave ratio in the operating frequency band of 640…650 MHz did not exceed 1.32, the gain was at least 5 dBi, the width of the radiation patterns in two planes was 95 and 93 angular degrees, respectively. The antenna provides for an operation mode as a transceiver, since the decoupling of the receiving and transmitting paths is carried out due to different polarization, for which it is necessary to connect the second input of the power divider instead of a balanced resistor to the receiving device.

Разработка источника питания для позиции виброакустической диагностики подшипников локомотивного депо

Purpose: Two possible variants of power sources are considered: controlled three-phase bridge rectifier circuit with a step-down transformer and a pulse converter, getting power from the mains via uncontrolled three-phase bridge rectifier (Larionov circuit) for bringing into rotation with the required frequency of wheel-motor units of electric locomotives and electric trains at the position of indiscriminate diagnosis of bearings. In both cases, it is assumed that power sources receive electro-energy from a depot circuit — 380/220 V, 50 Hz. The comparison of proposed power supply options based on the assessment of energy consumption efficiency is carried out. A capacity coefficient and capacity loss in power supplies are used as measures for energy-consumption efficiency. Methods: Analytical methods are used to determine capacity losses in a transformer, controlled three–phase thyristor rectifier, uncontrolled three-phase diode rectifier, input filter of a pulse converter, IGBT transistor and reverse diode of a pulse converter. Results: Energetical indicators were determined: power losses in a transformer, a controlled three–phase thyristor rectifier, an uncontrolled three-phase diode rectifier, an input filter of a pulse converter, an IGBT transistor and a reverse diode of a pulse converter. Based on the pursued assessment of the energetical indicators of power supply two options, it is concluded on feasibility of transformer-free circuit application in bearings’ position of vibration-acoustic diagnosis. Practical importance: A variant of an energy–efficient power supply for the position of indiscriminate vibroacoustic diagnosis is proposed, which includes an uncontrolled semiconductor rectifier and a pulse converter, accomplished using an IGBT transistor.

Influence of space vehicle remote power supply on thermal regimes of solar batteries

The issues of ensuring the functioning of an additional energy-receiving channel for the onboard power supply system of a low-orbit spacecraft are considered. To compensate for the shortage of electricity on board the spacecraft, various options for remote power supply from the system of space power stations transmitting energy to the solar battery by laser radiation during periods of its forced inactivity are possible. Long shadow-sunlight periods of time are a distinctive feature of functioning of low-orbit spacecraft. During these periods the solar battery is idle, and, in addition, even in the daylight portion of the spacecraft's orbit, the energy output from the spacecraft may be reduced to almost zero during the operation of some special systems that require special modes of spacecraft orientation. Reception of energy from a CES with energy flux density higher than that of the solar flux may lead to overheating of the solar battery panel of conventional design, a decrease in its efficiency and even to its failure. Therefore, the analysis of thermal modes of reception and conversion of laser radiation energy which affect the energy efficiency of the solar battery is an important aspect of remote power supply. Relationships of a mathematical model for estimating the available power supply from the solar battery operating in the mode of optimizing control of its power are proposed. The results of approbation of the model for maintaining the safe thermal mode of the solar battery panels during remote power supply of the spacecraft are presented.

Оценка экономической целесообразности подключения удаленных потребителей восточной Арк­тики к энергосистеме

The article deals with the problem of power supply to remote consumers in the Eastern Arctic. The authors present a methodology for assessing the economic feasibility of connecting remote consumers to the power grid in comparison with power supply option from autonomous fossil or nuclear fuel based power plants. The methodology is focused on the analysis of consumers, the connection of which requires the construction of power transmission lines with a voltage of 35—220 kV. The authors give the results of assessing the feasibility of connecting promising enterprises for the development of deposits of the Chukotka Autonomous District: the Klen ore gold deposit, the Pyrkakayskie stockwork tin-tungsten deposit and the Amaam coal deposit. They consider three scenarios related to different periods of the tariff equalization mechanism in the Far Eastern Federal District. Estimates of the levelized electricity cost show that the construction of power transmission lines is economically feasible only with a reduced electricity tariff. If in 2028 the tariff equalization mechanism is canceled and an economically justified tariff begins to operate, then it is advisable to build autonomous power plants. The research results are summarized for the possibility of analyzing the feasibility of connecting remote consumers of the different Eastern Arctic regions to the power grid via power lines with a voltage of 35—110 kV under various technical options and economic conditions. The levels of electricity tariffs, fuel prices, and specific capital investments in the construction of small-scale nuclear power plants, at which the construction of 35—110 kV power transmission lines to connect consumers to the power grid is effective, are determined.

Power Quality Monitoring Strategy Based on an Optimized Multi-Domain Feature Selection for the Detection and Classification of Disturbances in Wind Generators

Wind generation has recently become an essential renewable power supply option. Wind generators are integrated with electrical machines that require correct functionality. However, the increasing use of non-linear loads introduces undesired disturbances that may compromise the integrity of the electrical machines inside the wind generator. Therefore, this work proposes a five-step methodology for power quality disturbance detection in grids with injection of wind farm energy. First, a database with synthetic signals is generated, to be used in the training process. Then, a multi-domain feature estimation is carried out. To reduce the problematic dimensionality, the features that provide redundant information are eliminated through an optimized feature selection performed by means of a genetic algorithm and the principal component analysis. Additionally, each one of the characteristic feature matrices of every considered condition are modeled through a specific self-organizing map neuron grid so they can be shown in a 2-D representation. Since the SOM model provides a pattern of the behavior of every disturbance, they are used as inputs of the classifier, based in a softmax layer neural network that performs the power quality disturbance detection of six different conditions: healthy or normal, sag or swell voltages, transients, voltage fluctuations and harmonic distortion. Thus, the proposed method is validated using a set of synthetic signals and is then tested using two different sets of real signals from an IEEE workgroup and from a wind park located in Spain.

Design of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) with Fuzzy Control for Pico Hydro

Pico hydro system, a combination of hydro turbine governor, electronic load controller, and generator are outlined as one of the recommended approaches for off-grid power supply option for rural areas communities. In a conventional installation of a hydro system, an electronic load controller with proportional–integral–derivative (PID) is the best alternative to provide power balancing between power generation and load-consuming demand. However, there is always a peak in power demand during the day, but the energy consumption is low at night. This situation caused much energy to be dumped and wasted and a lack of energy management regarding the plant's power stability. Therefore, this research aimed to design fuzzy logic control (FLC) for an energy system that could meet the critical load requirement before being simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to evaluate the effective utilization of the excess energy. Using Mamdani's methods with 25 membership rules to implement a fuzzy logic-based control system could potentially perform efficient power flow control between scenarios such as discharging, battery backup, and load supply. The result showed that this approach is a better alternative and more efficient system stabilization and energy supply by implementing fuzzy control in surplus power generation from the pico hydro system from 2 sec to 3 sec.

Development of MADB of P‐I controller using LMI technique in a renewable energy based AGC system and study its application in a deregulated environment including energy storage device

AbstractIn recent decades, inclusion of renewable resources is considered as one of the most promising options for the long run uninterrupted power supply without depending on conventional resources. Thus, the renewable energy generation will get more attention and massive growing, so that the goal of 40% share of electricity in the worldwide energy portfolio in 2050 would be realized. But during replacement of renewable energy by conventional energy, engineers are facing a lot of problem due to solar generation, wind generation change their characteristic rapidly with weather condition, which may cause large synchronizing imbalance between different units and generate large system delay or communication delay in large interconnected grid. In this article, the authors propose linear matrix inequalities techniques to developed margin of allowable delay for delay dependent stable hybrid system. Initially, to judge the efficacy of proposed chaotic atomic search optimization (CASO) algorithm over other evolutionary algorithms with PID controller, a thermal‐hydro gas system is considered. The second part of this article is motivated by the fact that proposed CASO algorithm with P‐I controller is superior in contrast to bacterial foraging algorithm technique. In addition to this, some energy storage devices such as fuel cell, aqua electrolyzer, and ultra‐capacitor are used to achieve a better dynamic response within specified delay margin. Moreover, to study the impact of communication delays (delay margin) due to the loss of synchronism between solar‐wind (for their unpredicted environmental features) and thermal unit (nonlinearities like generation rate constraints, boiler dynamics, and governor with the dead band) are considered in thermal unit and the simulation results verify with the effectiveness of the proposed approach on providing a balance between the delay margin and the damping performances is evaluated under deregulated environment. The simulation results help to make an inter‐relation between the delay margin and the controller gain (P‐I) which help the system operator in designing controllers gain for stable operation of the proposed hybrid system.