Power Supply Connection Research Articles

Channel Characteristics of Hybrid Power Line Communication and Visible Light Communication Based on Distinct Optical Beam Configurations for 6G IoT Network

In the envisioned 6G internet of things (IoT), visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as one promising candidate to mitigate the frequency spectrum crisis. However, when working as the access point, VLC has to be connected with the backbone network via other wire communication solutions. Typically, power line communication (PLC) is viewed as an excellent match to VLC, which is capable of providing both a power supply and backbone network connection. Generally, the integration of PLC and VLC is taken into consideration for the above hybrid system for channel characteristics analysis. However, almost all current works focus on hybrid PLC and VLC, based on a conventional Lambertian optical beam configuration, and fail to address the applications of hybrid PLC and VLC based on distinct optical beam configurations. To address this issue, in this paper, the channel characteristics of hybrid PLC and VLC, based on distinct optical beam configurations, are explored and illustrated. Numerical results show that, for a central position of the receiver, compared with an achievable rate of about 194 Mbps for hybrid PLC and VLC with a baseline Lambertian optical beam configuration, the counterparts of a hybrid channel based on Rebel and NSPW optical beams are about 173.4 Mbps and 222.4 Mbps. Moreover, the effect of azimuth rotation is constructed and estimated for hybrid PLC and VLC, adopting a typical rotating asymmetric beam configuration.

UTILIZATION OF DIGITAL LIBRARY RESOURCES AND SERVICES BY LIS STUDENTS OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

This study is set out to investigate the challenges to the utilisation of digital library resources and services by Library and Information Science (LIS) students, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina-Nigeria. In order to achieve this, three (3) research questions were formulated. A survey method was employed in the conduct of this study while the population comprised 590 library and information science students, FUDMA. A well-structure questionnaire was administered to 40% of 590 which is 236 for data collection. The data collected for the study were presented and analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables and simple percentages for the data analysis. It was found that FUDMA Digital Library apps, KOHA Digital management software, online databases (open and closed access), Calibre E-library management software and DSpace were the type of the available Digital Library Resources and services respondents were aware of, and were being utilized by LIS respondents. LIS students search and utilized Digital Library Resources and services through library website, search through OPAC, Institutional Repositories and through FUDMA Digital Library apps. Slow Internet connectivity in the institution, lack of wireless network on campus, lack of computer literacy skills, erratic power supply were the major challenges faced by the respondents in using the FUDMA Digital Library Resources and Services. Hence, the study recommended that the university management should take a leading role to address the issue of power supply and Internet connectivity across the university community and in order to increase the level of utilization of FUDMA Library resources and services, that, the management should organize more sensitization training and workshop on use and customization of FUDMA digital library.

Comprehensive assessment of drivers and barriers to electronic information resources usage in academic libraries in uganda using SWOT analysis

The high costs of printed Textbooks have negatively affected the education and library services in many developing countries, forcing institutions and universities to utilise electronic information resources (EIRs) to offer library information services and resources to library users. Many universities in northern Uganda adopted EIRs without evaluating them. This study, therefore, seeks to assess the drivers and barriers to EIR usage in academic libraries in Uganda by analysing their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The study employed a descriptive design to collect quantitative data and a stratified random sampling technique to select the sample size. A structured questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and administered online to the Muni and Lira universities’ teaching staff and final-year students, where 103 were filled by teaching staff and 248 by final-year students. The data collected were analysed using the SPSS Version 28 and RStudio software. Statistical techniques like descriptive analysis were used in the data analysis. The results for the mean ≥ 3.41 were considered statistically significant. The study findings show that most respondents agreed that librarians expose them to all the library EIRs and that it was essential to access EIRs to benefit from its services. The study also identified knowledge and skills, the relevance of EIRs, availability of technological infrastructure and resources, awareness and adaptation, perceived ease of use and access, previous experience, institutional policies, and perceived quality content as the critical drivers for the usage of EIRs in academic libraries. The results of the SWOT analysis identified internal factors (i.e., strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (i.e., opportunities and threats) affecting EIR usage in Ugandan academic libraries. The survey recommends that for the successful adoption and implementation of EIRs in Ugandan libraries, there should be a reliable power supply and internet connectivity for easy access to the EIRs, purchase of more computing devices for accessing the EIRs, training and supporting the users of EIRs in universities; proper accountability and use of donor funds meant for payments of EIRs; and so on. These findings generated ideas that the universities, libraries, and library consortia can use in decision-making regarding choices of EIRs selection and the procurement of EIRs to realise value for money.

The Effect of Computer Self-Efficacy and Utilisation of Electronic Information Resources by Students of a Nigerian University

The study examined the effect of computer selfefficacy, college affiliation, year of study and barriers to utilisation of electronic information resources (EIRs) by students of Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria. The study undertook quantitative research. Stratified simple random technique was used to select sample size of 200 respondents from 374 undergraduate students of Samuel Adegboyega University, across the three Colleges in the University. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using inferential statistics. The study indicated students had high-level of computer self-efficacy in relation to the utilisation of EIRs and high level of utilisation of EIR. The study showed computer self-efficacy, College and Year of study positively influenced students’ utilisation of EIRs. Erratic power supply and poor internet connectivity were the barriers to effective utilisation of EIR by students.

Implementation of the Automated Medication Dispensing System-Early Lessons From Eswatini.

Objectives: This article describes the implementation of an automated medication dispensing system (AMDS) in Eswatini to increase medication access and presents the early lessons from this implementation. Methods: The AMDS was installed at four health facilities across two regions through collaborative stakeholder engagement. Healthcare workers were trained, and clients who met the inclusion criteria accessed their medications from the system. Each step of the implementation was documented and summarised in this article. Results: Early lessons suggest that implementation of the AMDS is acceptable and feasible to clients and healthcare workers and that phased introduction of medication classes, commencing with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and incorporating other medications in later phases is feasible. Additionally, improved client-centred messaging and communication, consistent power supply and internet network connectivity, and scheduling medication pickup with other services increase AMDS system utilisation. Conclusion: Eswatini has many clients living with HIV and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Easy, convenient, quick, non-stigmatising and client-centred access to ART and medication for NCDs is critical in addressing retention in care and achieving optimal treatment outcomes.

An improved dq-frame wideband impedance identification method for power supply network with only one disturbance

To cope with the energy crisis and environmental degradation, the new energy represented by wind and photovoltaic power generations have developed rapidly, which leads to a large number of power electronic converters being connected to the power grid. In this context, the power-electronic-based power system has become a trend. However, when wideband impedance mismatch happens between the power electronic converter and the connected power supply network, the wideband oscillation will occur in the system, which seriously endangers the safe and stable operation of the power system. To solve it, impedance identification is a key step to obtain the dq-frame impedance characteristics to analyze the power system stability. This article focuses on the power supply network and proposes an improved method to identify its dq-frame wide-band impedance by only one disturbance, which greatly simplifies the dq-frame wideband impedance identification process to improve the identification efficiency. It is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of the power-electronic-based power system.

IoT-Based Prepaid Energy Meter Using Nodemcu and Arduino

The conventional energy meter, which we use in our households to measure energy consumption, is an offline device, so it has to be monitored manually. As the country’s population increases, it is becoming most difficult to take the reading of energy meter from each home. As number of houses increases, it may be possible but it take lot of manpower. The customers are unaware of electricity usage, which results in huge bills. Electricity theft is common in some rural areas which results in both operational and economic loss. To avoid these problems, our Prepaid Energy Meter plays a key role. This proposed project makes consumers happy because they can monitor their usage through the internet. In this proposed model, an automated system by NodeMCU and Arduino is implemented. SMS is sent to recharge the meter. Since IoT is being used, it can monitor the status of the energy through the Internet. The recharge can also be done through the Internet. If there is an insufficient balance, then the power supply connection is simply disconnected from the house. The automated alerts are also sent in the form of messages to the end user's mobile phone according to the balance present in the system. With this proposal labor requirements, electricity theft, and billing errors are reduced.

The Role of Citizen Charter in Accelerating Public Service Delivery in Land Management

The proactive disclosure of relevant information is very important to get services since it is one of the powerful tools in terms of dominating others. Hence, in land management services, information is a very important element both for service providers and service recipients. Therefore, information can be used as a means of providing smooth service delivery and concealing proper information, the service recipients can also be pushed in immoral practices on the other hand. Considering the existing situation, the government is always trying to provide services to its citizens smoothly and easily through adopting and introducing different mechanisms and initiatives. The introduction of the citizen-charter in public offices is one of such initiatives. Consequence of which the present study investigated the contribution of citizen charter in accelerating public service delivery in land management in the country. It also explored the perception of service recipients about the citizen charter and factors affecting in implementation of the citizen charter. The study administered qualitative methodology and data have been collected from primary and secondary sources. The study revealed that citizen charter brings a positive impact on public service delivery in land management. Information about different services, their rate of fees and stipulated time-frame is displayed openly on the citizen charter notice board at the land office and also on its website. It has become easier due to the introduction of digitization in land administration. However, the study explored that the educational status of the service recipients is not an impending factor to get services from the land administration offices. Rather, the middleman or vested interest group is found as criminal-agent to make the as usual process of getting service difficult. It is happened due to the complex nature of the land management system and its complicated process of service delivery. Therefore, it is recommended to appoint more IT expert officials with an uninterrupted power supply and high-speed net connection at the ACLs offices for ensure accountability and effective monitoring systems along with more publicity about the citizen charter to create more awareness about it. Moreover, a huge campaign is needed to create awareness about the process of receiving services, fees, and levies for different services, sources of land-related information, etc. Initiatives should also be taken to develop professionalism and cooperative manners among ACL staff. Introduction of feedback—both service providers and service recipients—the system would be an effective mechanism, among many others, at the ACL offices in the country to provide better services and that can be a part citizen charter.

Return on investment (ROI) in subscription databases by Nigerian academic libraries: a survey

Aim: There seems to be a dearth of literature on how much Nigerian university libraries are spending on the acquisition of Online Electronic Database (OED). This study sets out to investigate the annual cost of acquiring this important and evolving aspect of library collection with the view of determining whether the returns in terms of utilization is commensurate with the invested fund. Methodology: The study adopts a quantitative research method. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data from 55 librarians in 41 academic libraries across Nigeria. The data collected were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings: Academic libraries in Nigeria spend an average of ₦12,500,000 or $32,637 on OED subscriptions annually. The study has shown that Nigerian academic libraries usually subscribe to the EBSCOhost and Research4Life databases with few adding specialized databases such as Law Pavilion, HeinOnline, Legalpedia, and ScienceDirect. To ensure adequate returns on investment, the libraries are massively providing support infrastructures, user education, and other information services. However, challenges limiting the widespread use of online databases include irregular power supply and slow internet connectivity among others. Conclusions: The study, therefore, concludes that there is a middling to low return on subscribed OED in Nigerian academic libraries. However, there are still various huddles that must be scaled for Nigerian academic libraries to reap adequate returns on their investments in online electronic databases.

Tribo-Induced Smart Reflector for Ultrasensitive Self-Powered Wireless Sensing of Air Flow.

Air-flow sensing is essential in broad applications of weather forecasting, ocean monitoring, gas leakage alarming, and health monitoring. However, in severe environments where electrical power supply and cable connection are not available, the sensing of air flow in a self-powered way is a challenging issue. In this work, we reported a tribo-induced smart reflector to achieve the self-powered wireless sensing of the air flow by combining an aerodynamics-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and a silver-coated polymer network liquid crystal. Upon being driven by the air flow, the developed reflector performed specular and diffused reflectance without and with charging by the TENG, respectively, enabling wireless sensing through mechanical-electrical-optical signal conversion. In the developed sensing paradigm, the sensing module can be fully self-powered without the need of signal pre-amplification, which is electrically separated from the light source and detection modules without cable connections. The applications of self-powered wireless wind speed sensing and breath monitoring were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed paradigm toward self-powered wireless sensing nodes in the internet of things.

Development of an active overvoltage protection for the new ASDEX upgrade divertor coils

There is proposed a new upper divertor for the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak experiment [1]. It is planned to be equipped with internal coils for investigation of advanced magnetic configurations like e.g. „snowflake“ [2]. Due to the close vicinity of the coils to the plasma, high induced and very stiff voltages are expected during disruption events, as shown in [3,4],. This voltage is a high risk for either damaging the connected power supplies and/or for turning into high currents causing damage to the tokamak by Lorentz forces. The proposed device named “ripping crowbar” detects and overtakes the full high voltage of up to 5 kV during a plasma disruption at full load current of up to 3 kA to protect the connected power supply which can deal with voltage not higher than 340 V absolute value. The concept will be given and discussed. Experiments were started at much lower current and voltage by use of commercially available hardware. This is a starting point to enhance the working regime in a time-saving way, because there exist no commercially available solution for the target values. The only known field with comparable power stage solutions can be found in the field of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) circuit breakers [5]. The final solution should be scalable in voltage, current and power to adapt it to other applications in and outside the field of fusion technology. Part of the development are the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) based powerstage, the drivers, the measurement unit to detect disruptions and the triggering unit. At the end, most important will be reliability of this safety relevant device to protect multi-million investments into power supply and new divertor.

Influence of maskless electrochemical micromachining process parameters during fabrication of complex micropattern

Abstract Micropattern performs an elementary role in advanced microengineering fields, allowing for the enhancement of their function and performance criteria of various mechanical components. Maskless electrochemical micromachining (EMM) is an achievable substitute for creating complex micropatterns. However, this method is used to produce complex cascade micropattern with high quality surface characteristics. This research work is concentrated on generating cascade micropattern using a thick mask. The micropatterning setup is developed with micropatterning cell, electrolyte flow scheme and power supply connection. The single thick mask is reused for fabricating lots of intricate micropatterns. For reuse, the masked tool is generated using SU-8 2150 mask measuring 213 µm in thickness. The developed perpendicular cross flow electrolyte scheme is the unique feature for producing high quality micropattern. Furthermore, the outcomes of the machining voltage, micropatterning time and duty ratio on formation of complex microtextures are experimentally explored. The investigational consequences reveal that the dimensions of microtextures are mostly influenced by EMM process variables. The experimental results demonstrate that the best magnitudes of MRR of 0.0921 mg/sec, width overcut of 23.1 µm, depth of 12.8 µm and surface roughness of 0.0187 µm are produced in good quality complex micropattern.

Strategies of the Dominican University Nigeria in Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic

In this chapter, using qualitative research methods, I accounted for the strategies adopted by the management of Dominican University to help students continue their educational activities during COVID -19 pandemic. The challenges experienced by students using the online learning platform and strategies they devised to manage these challenges were also examined. The Dominican University switched to online learning method during the lock down. Students were faced with various challenges during their on line classes. These include erratic power supply, high cost of data bundle for Internet connection, and poor network connection among others. To manage these challenges, students resorted to the use of generators and power banks to charge their electronic devices, some went and lived with friends or relatives living in areas with stable network connection to receive their lectures. The online learning made the lecturers and students more Internet savvy and enabled students continued their lectures without disruption. However, students missed the face to face interaction with their lecturers and fellow students. Coming back on campus after the lock down, the management of Dominican University provided taps and wash hand basins at strategic places in the school, made compulsory the use of face masks as well as discourage the crowding of students at the cafeteria to ensure the students safety. The study recommended that for online learning to be effective in higher institutions in Nigeria there is need for stable power supply and good Internet connection. [End Page 43]

E-Agriculture Platform

The study examined accessibility and effect of e-agriculture on the livelihoods of the farming households using quantitative methodology. Farmers that have used e-agriculture components in their livelihoods were interviewed. Results showed that users had a great access to e-agriculture components and it has a positive effect. Access to e-agriculture platform increases market coverage for the sales, thereby doubling their income. The e-wallet was used to purchase inputs directly from companies and deposit money via e-transaction. The e-agriculture platform facilitates easy and fast communication with extension agents and fellow farmers. In order to operate the platform effectively, poor electric power supply and network connectivity must be resolved. The concept of e-agriculture aids the transformation of agriculture production by providing a platform to obtain information and market links to dispose produces which prevent postharvest losses and enhance profit margin. The impact of e-agriculture in the livelihoods of rural people, largely depends on their accessibility to the platform.

SISTEM INFORMASI DARURAT PADA MINI MARKET MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER ESP8266 BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS

Increasing levels of crime have encouraged instrumentation and technology systems to deal with and expose crime cases. Emergency information systems on the mini market use ESP8266 microcontroller and have been built and analyzed to overcome this on the basis of the Internet of Things. Signals generated from this tool at shopping centers provide emergency information on the Website of the security unit. The results of the system test produced 3.6 seconds delay for power supply connections to NodeMcu. while the delay to calculate the Transmission (response signal) of the Security Unit, and the delay for the time the alarm sounds is 0 seconds. In this system, the website can receive information in the form of coordinate points and Minimarket addresses

Role of Technology in Enhancing Teaching and Learning in Cambodian Higher Institutions: Implication for Stakeholders

<p>This paper examined the role of technology in enhancing teaching and learning in Cambodian higher institutions and its implication for stakeholders. Evaluation of ICT models, emerging technologies and the learning theories related to technology were systematically reviewed. An overview of teaching and learning before the digital age with a particular reference to history of education and technology in Cambodia was examined while historical theories of educational technology such as constructivism, complexity theory, the pedagogy of nearness, heutagogy, and connectivism were highlighted. Furthermore, emerging technology integration models such as SAMR, TPACK, UDL models were examined including the multiple roles of the learner, educator and the audience in a connected age.Several strategies in which technological tools that can be used to enhance students’ learning were provided. Part of the Implication of the study includes adequate provision of power supply, computer laboratories and internet connectivity in Cambodian higher institutions should be paramount to government, private firms, philanthropists and NGOs so that students can appreciate technology and learn fast. Aside that, adequate fund should be given to the institutions to procure other necessary technology gadgets that can be used to promote learning.</p><p> </p><strong>Keywords: </strong>ICT Models, Teaching and Learning, Higher Institutions, Stakeholders, Cambodia

Building self‐powered emergency electronics based on hybrid nanogenerators for field survival/rescue

AbstractHarvesting energy from human body in multiple ways is pivotal for achieving powering emergency electronics effectively. Herein, we report a hybrid nanogenerator that is based on the coupling of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG). By utilizing a copper coil in multiroles, the energy grabbing units can operate independently without interfering, revealing a superior performance in scavenging biomechanical energy from human motions. The hybrid device by encapsulation exhibits an excellent environmental stability. When wearing the fabricated device, the TENG and EMG can generate the output voltage about 4 and 1.5 V, respectively, which can be directly stored into a capacitor. By integrating with a battery, the established self‐powered device can actively provide a geographic coordinate in real time in the wild where there is no power supply or network connectivity. Our work paves a way for the further exploration based on hybrid nanogenerators in self‐powered wearable/portable emergency electronics that can be applied in exploration, travel, work, as well as rescue in the wild without power apply and Internet.

Fault Detection of VLSI Power Supply Network Based on Current Estimation From Surface Magnetic Field

In the modern very large scale integration systems that demand high reliability, a carefully designed power/ground network is essential in order to provide stable power supply to the internal circuits. Although the power supply connection is always checked before tapeout, after the chip fabrication it is quite difficult to evaluate its actual quality and reliability. This paper proposes a novel way to evaluate the on-chip power supply network based on the current estimation using magnetic field emitted from LSI. The proposed method estimates the actual current flow in the network from the magnetic field measurement results and enables us to find defects or design faults such as VIA/wire disconnections and/or current concentration with noninvasive and low-cost way. Experimental results using an electromagnetic field simulator demonstrate that the proposed method precisely estimates the current flow in the supply network. The feasibility of the proposed method is also verified through the actual measurement results of the test structure, which is designed and fabricated in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ 1P5M CMOS process. Near-field magnetic field measurement of the chip was achieved by our high-precision magnetic sensing system and the VIA fault locations on the power supply network were clearly detected by the proposed method.

Advances in the development of power supplies for the Internet of Everything

AbstractThe Internet of Everything (IoE), which aims to realize information exchange and communications for anything with the Internet, has revolutionized our modern world. Serving as the driving force for devices in the IoE network, power supply systems play a fundamental role in the development of the IoE. However, due to the complexity, multifunctionality and wide‐scale deployment of diverse applications, power supply systems face great challenges, including distribution, connection, charging technologies, and management. In this review, some challenges and advances in the development of both power supply systems and their units are presented. In the overall system‐level field, establishing sustainable and maintenance‐free power supply systems through wireless connections, efficient power management and integrated energy harvesting and storage systems is highlighted. Additionally, the main performance metrics of power supply units are discussed, including energy density, service life, and self‐power ability. In addition, some directions of power quality assessment for both the system and unit levels of power supply systems are presented, aiming to provide insight into the future development of high‐performance power supply systems for the IoE.

Investigation into fabrication of microslot arrays by electrochemical micromachining

Maskless electrochemical micromachining (EMM) is a prominent and unique surface texturing method to fabricate the arrays of microslots. This article investigates the generation of microslot arrays using maskless EMM method. The developed prototype maskless EMM setup consists of EMM cell, power supply connections, electrode holding devices and constricted vertical cross flow electrolyte system for the fabrication of microslot arrays economically. One textured cathode tool with SU-8 2150 mask is used to produce 22 microslot arrays. Influences of EMM process parameters including voltage, electrolyte concentration, inter electrode gap, flow rate and machining time on the machining performance that is, width overcut, depth and surface roughness (Ra) of microslot arrays are investigated. For lower width overcut, controlled depth, and lower surface roughness, machining with lower voltage, lower electrolyte concentration, lower inter electrode gap, higher flow rate and lower machining time are recommended. From the analysis, it is observed that the best machining conditions including inter electrode gap of 50 μm, applied voltage of 6 V, electrolyte concentration of 20 g L−1, flow rate of 5.35 m3 hr−1 and machining time of 1 min fabricate regular microslot array with mean width overcut of 24.321 μm, mean machining depth of 10.7 μm and mean surface roughness of 0.0101 μm.