Power Industry Research Articles

CONVERSION OF ALUMINO-SILICEOUS REJECTS FROM POWER AND STEEL INDUSTRIES INTO BINARY GEOPOLYMER BRICK: EXPLOITING-GBFS MATERIAL SYNERGY UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS FOR SUPPORTING CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In recent year, advances in construction material have enabled the utilization of abundant reject material for value added purposes. The mining and metallurgical industries, particularly those with mineral rich rejects, have emerged as alternative sources of material for the construction application. The combination of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) from the steel industry and fly ash (FA) has been identified as one of the most suitable materials combinations for producing geopolymer blocks without the need for reinforcement or with the additives. Binary blended FA and GBFS based geopolymer bricks were cast with variable raw precursors and activator ratio using mini brick plant setup and cured at ambient temperature. The decisive parameters based on Indian standards forwhich the testing was done are compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence and density. The compressive strength achieved for the test cubes casted for prism test was in the range of 20 - 30 MPa at ambient temperature. The bricks were found to meet the requirements established by Indian Standard 1077:1992 for producing energy-efficient masonry products. The cost and embodied energy (EE) of the developed geopolymer bricks were estimated. As being a binary blend of FA and GBFS cured at room temperature, the developed bricks could reduce the EE and carbon dioxide emission (CO2) and energy required for heat curing. The comparative analysis for the conventionally available bricks with the geo-brick showed promising results. Utilization of steel and power industry waste is a way to achieve circular economy in the waste.

Solar PV system with maximum power tracking

The paper investigates the state-of-the-art architecture of photovoltaic systems (PVS) by evaluating the performance of the developed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm of fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) for temperate continental latitudes. The material of the paper gives an evaluation of traditional MPPT algorithms in relation to the state-of-the-art FPSO algorithm. The study summarizes the problems of On-Grid PV systems and analyzes methods of solving them by combining them with hydrogen technologies. The paper summaries the experience of observations of climatic factors and solar resources on the example of the Russian Federation. Thus, in 2023, the average winter temperature exceeded the norm by 4.7 °C, and the average summer temperature exceeded the norm by 4.9 °C compared to 2022. The paper analyses the level of insolation, which increased by 0.03 kWh/m2 by regions of Russia for the period 2022–2023. The experimental part of the work was carried out at the solar power plant (SPP) «Kalmykskaya» with coordinates 53.422832 north latitude and 55.266895 east longitude. The watt-volt field characteristic of photovoltaic modules (PVM) connected to the inverter was obtained experimentally. When compared, the correlation coefficient between the experimental power (P) and voltage (U) of the panels was found to be higher than that of the ideal panels, 0.933 versus 0.914. The correlation coefficient between the ideal P(U) function and the experimental one is (−0.475). The data for calculating the coefficient of performance (COP) of the implemented MPPT algorithm was also obtained experimentally, which was about 98.7%. The reliability of the data used in the calculations was confirmed by two independent means of measurement, the difference of the obtained results was less than 1%. In the last part of the experiment of this study, the dependence of insolation in a given geographical point on the generated PV field power was evaluated. The correlation coefficient was 0.47, while the inverter output voltage was maintained in the nominal range of (600 ± 20%)V. Thus, the authors of the study experimentally proved the efficiency of using MPPT on FPSO in temperate continental climate with duration of sunshine T = 1850 h per year. The effectiveness of the FPSO algorithm under the conditions of inverter distance from the common point of the DC switching cabinet (DСCC) has been confirmed. The effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm based on FPSO under conditions of partial shading, increased cloud cover and increased air temperature is concluded. Using the description of the current architecture of On-Grid SPP, the authors draw attention to the impossibility of operation of such systems without the presence of voltage in the reference network. In addition, the impossibility of the system operation at the value of PVM power over 1500 kW and at the voltage of panels less than 900 V is noted. To modernize the existing PVS architecture, for the first time, the use of a DCCC and an inverter with implemented MPPT on the FPSO in combination with a hydrogen (H2) production unit and nickel-hydrogen (Ni–H2) batteries is proposed. The researchers propose that when the PVM field voltage is below 900 V and when the PVM field power exceeds 1500 kW, energy can be diverted to H2 generation or to charge Ni–H2 batteries via a DCCC controller. Such an architecture will improve the continuity and efficiency of the PVS, reduce the carbon footprint, and allow the PVS to be used as an industrial uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The authors see the lack of standardization of implemented projects based on the ESG principle as the main problem of alternative energy development.

An Evolutionary Game Model of Market Participants and Government in Carbon Trading Markets with Virtual Power Plant Strategies

The utilization of conventional energy sources commonly leads to heightened energy consumption and the generation of specific forms of environmental pollution. As an innovative power management and dispatch system, virtual power plants (VPPs) have the potential to significantly enhance the flexibility and stability of power systems, while supporting carbon reduction targets by integrating distributed energy resources (DERs), energy management systems (EMSs), and energy storage systems (ESSs), which have attracted much attention in the power industry in recent years. Consequently, it can effectively address the variability and management challenges introduced by renewable energy. Furthermore, optimizing power market dispatch and user-side power management plays a pivotal role in promoting the transition of the energy industry towards sustainable development. The current study highlights the unresolved issue of strategic decision-making among market participants, such as energy companies, generation companies, and power distribution companies, despite the potentially significant benefits of VPPs. These entities must carefully evaluate the costs and benefits associated with adopting a VPP. Additionally, governments face the complex task of assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of providing subsidies to incentivize VPP adoption. Previous research has not adequately explored the long-term evolution of these decisions in a dynamic market environment, leading to a lack of adequate understanding of optimal strategies for market participants and regulators. This paper addresses this critical research gap by introducing an innovative bilateral evolutionary game model that integrates VPP and carbon trading markets. By utilizing the model, simulation experiments are carried out to compare different strategic decisions and analyze the stability and long-term evolution of these strategies. Research findings indicate that the adoption of VPP technology by market participants, in conjunction with government policies, results in an average 90% increase in market participants’ earnings, while government revenues see a 35% rise. This approach provides an alternative method for understanding the dynamic interactions between market participants and government policy, offering both theoretical and practical insights. The findings significantly contribute to the literature by proposing a robust framework for integrating VPPs into electricity markets, while offering valuable guidance to policymakers and market participants in developing effective strategies to support the sustainable energy transition. The application of this model has not only enhanced the understanding of market dynamics in theory, but also provided quantitative support for strategic decisions under different market conditions in practice.

Price trends in the global electricity market

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to adapt to rapid global changes in the electric power industry, which is associated with a change in the structure of the energy balance, the strengthening of geopo­litical factors, the impact of climate change, economic globalization, new regulatory require­ments, and the rapid development of energy storage technologies and smart networks. These changes lead, on the one hand, to challenges in ensuring energy security, and on the other hand, contribute to significant price volatility in the electricity market. As a result of the influence of global price trends and world energy develop­ment priorities on the domestic electricity sector, the study of these trends is of great importance for Ukraine. The aim of the research is to establish the price trends of the global electricity market with the determination of the key factors of price growth in the context of challenges for Ukraine regarding the stabilization of electricity prices. The research is based on the hypothesis that the factors that determine the trajectory of price changes on the international electricity market are also characteristic of the Ukrainian electricity market. The research was conducted using the methods of statistical analysis, syn­thesis, grouping, tabular and graphical display of results. A retrospective analysis of price dyna­mics on the global energy market was carried out, which showed a faster pace of price changes for energy products than for other products, with a faster increase in oil prices than for coal. The current trends in the development of changes in electricity prices were analyzed, the reasons for their rapid growth in 2021 were identified, and it was noted that in some countries, such as the USA and China, prices remained stable. Using the example of the EU countries, it has been analytically proven that electricity tariffs depend on the price structure. The factors that affect pricing in the field of electricity in the world are determined: energy prices, global crisis pheno­mena, the amount of available supply, weather conditions, supply chain problems, grid infra­struc­ture and distribution, the structure of the electricity market, the share occupied by taxes and fees in electricity prices and the purchasing power of the population. The current state of the electricity market of Ukraine is analyzed, which is characterized by a price imbalance, especially in the retail sector, a settlement crisis between the main market participants, a lack of real competition, limited transparency of the market and opportunities for manipulation on it, and the imperfection of the legislative framework. These factors are exacerbated by external negative influences in the form of a full-scale Russian invasion due to the destruction of electric power infrastructure and loss of capacity

Optimal preventive maintenance: Balancing reliability and costs in the electricity market

This study addresses the challenge of achieving optimal preventive maintenance within power systems, aiming to balance reliability and costs effectively. The primary focus is on understanding the relationship between preventive maintenance expenditures and the failure rate of essential transmission components, particularly transformers in substations. We contribute to the existing literature by providing two key insights. Firstly, we establish a theoretical framework for determining the optimal level of preventive maintenance, which can be extended across various electricity facilities. By analyzing the relationship between preventive maintenance costs and failure rates, our goal is to identify the investment level that ensures a reliable power system while minimizing financial burdens. Secondly, we explore the functional form that accurately characterizes the link between preventive maintenance costs and failure rates. The diminishing marginal rate of failure, dependent on different functional forms, highlights the variability of optimal preventive maintenance expenses. Utilizing Lasso regression, we identify the functional form that optimally characterizes the relationship between outage occurrences and maintenance costs. These insights extend well beyond the confines of the Korean power industry, offering a sustainable approach to managing transmission facilities and enhancing the overall stability and efficiency of global electricity networks.

Tools for development of the Russian electric power industry in the current realities

Electric power industry is one of the most important sectors of Russian economy that satisfies the needs of the country’s population, companies of various areas of economy in electric and thermal energy and supplies it for the CIS and Non-CIS countries. Due to this, it is significant to study the tools for development of Russian electric energy industry in the current realities, and this is the basis of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the modern tools for development of electric energy industry and work out the recommendations on their improvement. The following aspects are considered as the main tools for development of electric energy industry: interconnection of electric grid resources, carbon neutrality, legislative acts, digital technologies, financial instruments aimed at attracting investment, accumulation systems (portable sources of electricity), electric transport, and green energy. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of scientific publications and Internet resources, synthesis and generalization of the data acquired. The authors of the study have analyzed the most significant tools that can be used to develop the electric energy industry in the current situation, and worked out the recommendations on improving the effectiveness of their implementation. To provide a full-fledged solution of the tasks set in the article the authors have analyzed the dynamics of the electric energy industry, identified the basic principles of its development, the peculiar features of their implementation, worked out the opportunities and recommendations for their improvement. According to the results of the study it has been suggested to establish a new institute – a specialized international innovation centre of electric energy industry which will ensure attraction of investment, formation of effective cooperation with friendly countries and development of green energy industry. The authors have identified the tools providing for the development of electric energy industry in Russia, worked out recommendations on their improvement, suggested a new institute of financing and development of electric energy industry. The results of the study in hand can be used in the activity of the companies involved in electric energy industry and further research on the topic.

Interface engineering via non-thermal atmospheric plasma for highly tensile insulating epoxy-impregnated aramid composite paper

Epoxy-impregnated aramid composites, notable for their excellent mechanical and insulation qualities, are pivotal in electrical engineering and electronics. However, their performance is severely restrained by interface issues. This research proposes an effective modification strategy for improving interface property by employing non-thermal atmospheric plasma to introduce active functional groups onto aramid paper. The modified composites demonstrated a 26 % increase in tensile strength and a 20 % enhancement in breakdown strength at best, alongside inhibited charge transport properties and reduced partial discharge under operational electric fields. Molecular simulation suggests that plasma treatment bolsters interface hydrogen bonding, restricting the chain mobility of the resin molecular, and thus augmenting inter-phase compatibility. This study offers a factual perspective on improving resin-impregnated composites, laying a theoretical foundation for advancing high-performance materials in power industries.

A Survey of Different Methods for Miner Detection and Challenges of Them in Power Industries

A Survey of Different Methods for Miner Detection and Challenges of Them in Power Industries

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STATE AND PROSPECTS OF WIND ENERGY AS A FACTOR OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of the research was to study and systematize the economic, ecological and technological advantages and disadvantages of wind energy and the conditions, opportunities and problems of its development in Ukraine as a factor of the country’s economic development in the conditions of war. The methodology of the conducted research is based on the application of the descriptive-analytical method in the process of studying the phenomena and processes, that are taking place in the energy base of the countries of the world and, in particular, in Ukraine, which is combined with the organic synthesis of the results obtained due to the application of the descriptive-analytical method of the results, their systematization and generalization, as well as with the comparative method, which turned out to be particularly suitable in the process of analyzing the trends in the development of wind energy in Ukraine. It is established that wind power has significant technological, economic and environmental advantages over other branches of renewable energy, but it also has certain disadvantages. The comparative analysis showed that the total assessment of the advantages of wind energy is much higher than the total assessment of its disadvantages, which, by the way, decreases over time as the relevant technologies progress. The rate of wind energy development in the pre-war period in Ukraine was also quite high, and even during the war, it continued to develop. Ukraine is intensively rebuilding destroyed wind energy facilities, actively building a network of new wind power plants on controlled territories, as there is an understanding of the need to start rebuilding the economy without waiting for victory, and that it should start with wind power, which can significantly reduce and eliminate the energy deficit in the country relatively quickly. The main factors that will influence the scenario of liquidation of the consequences of russian military aggression in the wind energy industry of Ukraine and its post-war reconstruction are the time and conditions of the end of the war, the pace of recovery, and forecasting indicators of GDP growth, the rate and completeness of market integration with the EU, the quality of the state support for wind energy in terms of creating favorable economic conditions for it, since favorable natural conditions for the development of wind power industry in Ukraine are objectively available.

A Financial Analysis and Valuation of Leading Companies in the U.S. Electric Utility Sector

In the post-pandemic era, as societal life demands gradually recover and stabilize, the American public utilities sector has demonstrated positive growth momentum, garnering significant investor attention. This research focuses on four prominent enterprises within the industry, including Southern Company (SO), American Electric Power (AEP), Duke Energy (DUK), and Exelon Corporation (EXC). These entities not only epitomize the developmental trajectories of the electric power industry but also reflect the escalating influence of renewable energy over traditional fossil fuels and the ramifications of heightened environmental standards on corporate operations. Leveraging the 2023 annual reports as foundational data, this study conducts a thorough analysis and valuation of these firms' financial statement indices and price-to-earnings ratios, aiming to offer comprehensive insights and analyses regarding their financial standings and market prospects. The findings indicate that Southern Company exhibits robust market competitiveness and allure, alongside an optimistic outlook for future development, rendering it a viable candidate for sustained attention from investors seeking long-term value investments.

Peculiarities of criminal liability for intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property

The article reveals the specifics of criminal liability for intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property provided for in Article 194 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The problematic issues of the composition of the criminal offense of intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property are analyzed, the difference between this composition and the intentional destruction or damage to property that has special features (objects of the electric power industry, nature reserve fund, archaeological heritage, weapons, military supplies, official documents, military property, etc.). Intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property, which has special features to be qualified according to the special norms provided for by articles: 113, 1941, 252, 258, 292, 298, 338, 357, 360, 378, 399, 411, 437, 433, 438 of the Criminal Code, is proposed. of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of judicial practice, it was proposed that in the case of using an explosive device, for the intentional destruction or damage of someone else’s property, such actions of the perpetrator must be additionally qualified under Part 1 of Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The imperfection of the provisions of the current criminal legislation in terms of the formulation of the qualifying signs of intentional destruction or damage to property was revealed. It has been established that the current legislation of Ukraine on criminal responsibility does not include the concept of a generally dangerous method, arson, explosion, the content of the death of people, serious consequences is not disclosed. The concept of a generally dangerous method and its varieties is proposed. The concept of a generally dangerous method and its varieties is proposed. A generally dangerous method of intentional destruction or damage to property is a method that causes property, non-property, physical damage to an individual or legal entity or creates a real danger of causing such damage to two or more people. In order to avoid unnecessary differentiation of criminal law norms, it is proposed to exclude from the Criminal Code of Ukraine articles 347, 3471, 352, and part 2 of Art. 194 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to add the sign of intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property in connection with the person’s performance of official powers or professional duties.

Универсальная централизованная защита от однофазных замыканий на землю в кабельных сетях напряжением 6–10 кВ

Selective protection against single phase earth faults in distribution 6–10 kV cable networks can be performed both with the use of individual (per connection) and centralized devices covering all connections of the protected object. The advantages of centralized devices are reduction of specific (per connection) costs of protection, simplification of its operation and design. Well-known technical solutions in terms of centralized protection devices against this type of damage do not always provide versatility (the possibility to use neutral cables of 6–10 kV in various grounding modes) and high technical perfection (selectivity and stability of operation). Thus, it is relevant to develop a universal centralized protection against single-phase earth faults, ensuring high technical perfection for all types of earth faults in 6–10 kV cable networks with different neutral grounding modes. The authors have used a comprehensive simulation model "cable network – protection device" to study the selectivity and stability of the developed principles of implementation and algorithms for centralized protection against earth faults. The model is designed in SimPowerSystems and Simulink software. The configuration and parameters of the cable network model have been selected considering the key features of 6–10 kV distribution cable networks of industrial and urban power supply systems. A universal centralized protection against all types of earth faults in 6–10 kV cable networks with various neutral grounding modes has been developed. The results of functional tests on the simulation model have confirmed the effectiveness of the developed algorithms of the developed centralized protection for all types of earth faults both in uncompensated and compensated cable networks of 6–10 kV. The proposed technical solution implements a multifunctional multiparametric centralized protection against earth faults. It has such properties as versatility, selectivity, and high stability of operation for all types of earth faults, recognition of types of single-phase earth faults, continuity of action in stable and most dangerous arc intermittent earth faults.

Enhancing life cycle assessment methodologies for carbon capture and utilization technologies: A comprehensive guideline for improved decision-making

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is an emerging technology that aims to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from industrial processes and power generation. This paper presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of CCUS, evaluating its environmental impacts from cradle to grave. The LCA includes the stages of CO₂ capture, transportation, utilization, and storage. The goal is to provide a holistic understanding of the potential benefits and drawbacks of CCUS, guiding policymakers and industry stakeholders in decision-making processes. Although LCA is a standardized method, there is significant variability in current LCA practices due to differing methodological choices, which limits their effectiveness for decision support. Applying LCA to CCU technologies introduces additional challenges, particularly because CO₂ serves both as an emission and a feedstock. The guidelines aim to enhance the comparability of LCA studies by providing clear methodological directions and predefined assumptions regarding feedstock and utilities. Increased transparency is achieved through detailed interpretation and reporting guidance. By improving comparability, the guidelines support more informed decision-making, enabling more efficient allocation of research funds and time towards the development of technologies for climate change mitigation and negative emissions.

Degradation behavior of chromium-coated zirconium cladding under 1200 oC steam oxidation according to the coating microstructure

In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami caused a hydrogen explosion at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, which exposed radioactive materials to the atmosphere and had a very negative impact on the nuclear power industry. Since then, efforts have intensified around the world to make nuclear power safer. Accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) is being developed to prevent the rapid oxidation of zirconium cladding, which directly causes hydrogen explosions. ATF research can be divided into two main approaches: changing the cladding material, or coating the surface of the cladding. Coatings are easier to commercialize and apply to existing nuclear power plants, so most vendors have focused on this approach. Chromium is a popular coating medium because of its superior properties such as a low oxidation rate and excellent adhesion. Therefore, research has been focused on suppressing the rapid oxidation of zirconium cladding in the event of an accident by adding a chromium coating with an appropriate thickness in terms of both economy and effectiveness. Even if the thickness of the coating is fixed, the penetration of oxidizing substances can be further delayed by improving the microstructure of the chromium coating, such as by reducing the grain boundary area. In this study, chromium-coated zirconium cladding tubes were fabricated by the arc ion plating process. The microstructure of the chromium coating was adjusted by varying the negative voltage (0–125 V), which in turn controlled the incident energy at which the chromium ionic particles hit the surface of the cladding tube. Experiments were then performed in 1200 °C steam environment to determine the optimal microstructure for high-temperature oxidation resistance. The development of various material degradation phenomena that occurred during 1200 °C steam oxidation was observed to identify the oxidation mechanism and the main factors of the microstructure that affect the zirconium oxidation rate.

A planning model for coal power exit scales based on minimizing idle and shortage losses: A case study of China

Owing to the rising energy demand and coal dependency in developing countries, the losses incurred from coal power exit are substantial, leading to a low willingness to exit and a high risk of tragedy of the commons. Concurrently, the normalization of peak loads and increasing penetration of renewable energy have exacerbated the contradiction between the overall electricity surplus and peak power shortages in these countries. In response to these challenges, we propose an optimal planning model for a coal power exit scale based on the minimization of losses from idle coal power and industrial power shortages. The main findings are presented as follows: First, compared with the coal power exit models guided by the energy trilemma, our model can reduce losses (the primary demand in developing countries) by at least 22 %, and, in some scenarios, it can increase the exit scale by up to 147 GW. Second, unlike existing methods that measure the overall impact of power shortages, our approach is better at capturing industries' production loss characteristics, which is important for developing countries (positioned in the production segment of the industrial chain), including the evolution patterns of resource and time losses, recovery trajectories of power interruptions, and main influencing factors. Third, China's optimal coal power exit scale for 2030 fluctuates between −7 and 282 GW, with total losses between 48.34 and 188.86 billion yuan. This study provides quantitative tools and decision-making references for optimizing coal power exit and power use.

The moderating effect of emission reduction policies on CCS mitigation efficiency

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical decarbonization technology for achieving net-zero emissions. High energy costs currently hinder the application of CCS, whereas carbon emission reduction measures directly alter the energy price and influence the cost and emission reduction potential of CCS. However, few studies have focused on the potential impacts and underlying mechanisms of emission reduction policies on CCS. In this study, we construct a computable general equilibrium model with CCS technology to assess the moderating effect of mitigation policies on CCS, and identify feasible policy portfolios to enhance CCS mitigation efficiency. Taking China as a typical case, the results show that, first, energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy policy contribute to mitigating the negative economic impacts of CCS abatement, and terminal electrification policy can enhance the emission reduction of CCS, whereas none of the three measures can achieve a win-win situation in terms of economic and emission impacts. Second, the moderating effect of mitigation policies on CCS exhibits heterogeneity among CCS deploying industries. Promoting terminal electrification is optimal for the coal power industry to improve CCS mitigation efficiency, while renewable energy development has a larger positive effect on the steel, cement, and chemical industries. Third, the combination of a high-intensity renewable energy policy with low-intensity energy efficiency improvements and terminal electrification policy is optimal for overall mitigation efficiency.

Smart Internet of Things Power Meter for Industrial and Domestic Applications

Considering the widespread presence of switching devices on the power grid (including renewable energy system inverters), network distortion is more prominent. To maximize network efficiency, our goal is to minimize these distortions. Measuring the voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) using power meters and other specific equipment, and assessing power factor and peak currents, represents a crucial step in creating an efficient and stable smart grid. In this paper, we propose a power meter capable for measuring both standard electrical parameters and power quality parameters such as the voltage and current total harmonic distortion factors. The resulting device is compact and DIN-rail-mountable, occupying only three modules in an electrical cabinet. It integrates both wired and wireless communication interfaces and multiple communication protocols, such as Modbus RTU/TCP and MQTT. A microSD card can be used to store the device configuration parameters and to record the measured values in case of network fault events, the device’s continuous operation being ensured by the integrated backup battery in this situations. The device was calibrated and tested against three industrial power meters: Siemens SENTRON PAC4200, Janitza UMG-96RM, and Phoenix Contact EEM-MA400, obtaining an overall average measurement error of only 1.22%.

Crime and Nourishment: A Narrative Review Examining Ultra-Processed Foods, Brain, and Behavior

Recently, there has been increased scientific and clinical interest in the potential harms associated with ultra-processed foods, including poor mental health, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Research spanning epidemiology, mechanistic pre-clinical work, addiction science, microbiome and exposome science, and human intervention trials has underscored that nutrition is of relevance along the criminal justice continuum. As such, the emerging dietetics research is salient to the thousands of international psychologists and allied mental health professionals that are engaged in justice work, including forensics, prevention, and intervention. In addition, relationships between nutrition and behavior relate to “food crime”, an emergent area unifying criminal justice researchers with psychology, public health, and other interdisciplinary sectors. Food crime scrutinizes the vast harms, including non-communicable diseases and adverse behavioral outcomes, as influenced by the distribution of addictive ultra-processed food products. Here, we examine the emergent research, including biophysiological mechanisms, and evidence indicating that dietary patterns/components intersect with psychosocial vulnerabilities linked with risks of antisocial behavior and justice involvement. Viewed through a prevention lens, the study of nutrition and aggressive behavior should be prioritized, especially if the outcomes emerge as externalities of the global consumption of ultra-processed food. In the context of criminal justice and behavior, there is a need for forensic examination of how industry influence and power structures can undermine matters of food justice.

Research on the energy transmission mode of a three-port DC–DC converter based on ultra-thin silicon steel

With the introduction of China’s “Carbon Peaking Action Plan Before 2030,” the transformation of the power industry has released huge opportunities and potential. The DC distribution network can well-coordinate the contradiction between distributed power and grid access, fully develop the benefits of distributed energy, and become a new direction for the development of the power industry. However, the current traditional DC–DC converters have problems such as single-topology structure and low power density, which can only complete one-way transmission of energy; hence, the distributed energy cannot be fully utilized. Addressing the problem of distributed energy transfer, this paper is based on a three-port DC–DC converter for a low-voltage DC distribution network to realize energy transfer between the DC distribution network, distributed energy, and low-voltage load. First, the energy transfer modes of the three-port DC–DC converter are introduced. Combined with the converter topology and energy transfer mode, a simplified equivalent model of the converter is established. The voltage gain characteristics and frequency characteristics of this converter are studied. Furthermore, the effects of the excitation inductance to primary resonance inductance ratio parameter k and quality factor Q on the voltage gain characteristics of the converter are discussed. On this basis, the resonant cavity design of the converter is based on the optimal selection of parameters k and Q so that the converter can meet the voltage gain requirements in both forward and reverse operations. The simulation results under different loads verify the reasonableness of the resonant cavity component selection.