Power Distribution Technology Research Articles

Review of Power Supply and Distribution Construction Technology for Highway Electromechanical Engineering

In recent years, China has made significant progress in the construction of highways, resulting in an improvedhighway network that has provided robust support for economic and social development. However, the rapid expansion of highway construction, power supply, and distribution has led to several challenges in mechanical and electrical engineering technology. Ensuring the safe, stable, and cost-effective operation of the power supply and distribution system to meet the diverse requirements of highway operations has become a pressing issue. This article takes an example of a highway electromechanical engineering power supply and distribution construction project to provide insight into the construction process of highway electromechanical engineering power supply and distribution technology.

Key technologies for airworthiness compliance verification of the solid-state power controller

Solid-state power distribution technology has advantages such as lightweight, automation, high power quality, and high fault tolerance, which has a very broad prospect. As the core device of solid-state power distribution technology, the application of the solid-state power controller (SSPP) is faced with the challenge that it is difficult to use the traditional compliance verification methods to demonstrate compliance with relevant airworthiness regulations in the application process. Based on the C919 aircraft power distribution system, this article proposed corresponding compliance verification methods, which combine explanation, analysis, and test verification, to confirm and validate the relevant functions, performance, and impact after the failure of SSPC. This may provide a reference for the development of related technologies in the future.

Analysis and Discussion on the Current State and Demand of Energy Supply for Highway Transportation Facilities

Energy supply is a crucial factor in realizing the future transformation of highway transportation. Determining a comprehensive and sustainable energy supply network that aligns with the demands of future highway transportation facilities - ensuring they are "safe, reliable, environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable" - poses a key challenge for current highway developers and operational managers. This study examines the types and energy consumption of significant energy-consuming facilities along expressways. It delves into the current state of power supply and distribution technologies for highway transportation facilities, including low-voltage, medium-voltage, and complementary wind and solar power systems. Additionally, the research analyzes existing issues within power supply and distribution systems for highway transportation facilities. The study investigates the load characteristics and spatial distribution of electricity-consuming facilities along expressways, concluding with an analysis of the future trends in energy demand for highway transportation facilities. This comprehensive exploration encompasses aspects such as the scale of energy demand, the diversification of energy supply, and the need for a secure, efficient, and intelligent energy supply. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for developing innovative, diverse energy supply, and control technologies for safe, efficient, and interconnected highway transportation facilities.

Power Distribution Technology based on Transmission of Power Packets via Conducting Metal Body

Power Distribution Technology based on Transmission of Power Packets via Conducting Metal Body

DC Circuit Breaker Evolution, Design, and Analysis

While traditional AC mechanical circuit breakers can protect AC circuits, many other DC power distribution technologies, such as DC microgrids (MGs), yield superior disruption performance, e.g., faster and more reliable switching speeds. However, novel DC circuit breaker (DCCB) designs are challenging due to the need to quickly break high currents within milliseconds, caused by the high fault current rise in DC grids compared to AC grids. In DC grids, the circuit breaker must not provide any current crossing and must absorb surges, since the arc is not naturally extinguished by the system. Additionally, the DC breaker must mitigate the magnetic energy stored in the system inductance and withstand residual overvoltages after current interruption. These challenges require a fundamentally different topology for DCCBs, which are typically made using solid-state semiconductor technology, metal oxide varistors (MOVs), and ultra-fast switches. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the development, design, and performance of DCCBs and an analysis of internal topology, the energy absorption path, and subcircuits in solid-state (SS)-based DCCBs. The research explores various novel designs that introduce different structures for an energy dissipation solution. The classification of these designs is based on the fundamental principles of surge mitigation and a detailed analysis of the techniques employed in DCCBs. In addition, our framework offers an advantageous reference point for the future evolution of SS circuit breakers in numerous developing power delivery systems.

Optimized Power Distribution Technology for Fast Frequency Response in Photovoltaic Power Stations

The fast frequency response (FFR) function in renewable energy source (RES)-based power stations has proved to be able to improve the frequency stability of power systems with high RES penetration significantly. However, most current FFR functions in photovoltaic (PV) power stations typically show power response deviations and unnecessary power loss issues that are caused by inadequate station power distribution strategies. This is particularly important in cases where the power must be increased when the system frequency shows a downward disturbance. This paper proposes a new distribution strategy for FFR in PV power stations and studies related distribution strategies, system structures, calculation algorithms, function execution effect, and active power regulation technology. The proposed approach uses a proportional distribution strategy based on an evaluation of the real-time potential maximum power capability values of the subarrays or generation regions, which are evaluated using a few reference inverters located in every subarray or region. Real-site deployments and tests have been completed in PV power stations to verify the effectiveness of this new distribution strategy, and the proposed FFR solution using this distribution strategy has demonstrated strong performance and potential for wider application scenarios.

Design and Research on DC Electric Leakage Protection Circuit Breaker

In recent years, DC power supply and distribution technology plays an increasingly significant role in power supply and distribution systems with a low loss and large power supply radius. However, the corresponding DC distribution network protection electric devices cannot satisfy the needs of the existing DC power supply and distribution network. Based on this, in this article, an intelligent/energy-efficient DC leakage protection circuit breaker based on two-phase magnetic nanomaterials and detection and control technology is proposed. Firstly, the core of an intelligent/energy-efficient DCCB is composed of two-phase magnetic nanomaterials, and the mathematical modeling process, preparation and processing method of two-phase magnetic nanomaterials are given. Secondly, the DC leakage detection technology is studied by fluxgate technology, and the design process of magnetic rings, winding and detection circuit is given. Thirdly, the simulation and experiment results of the detection system and actuator are given by the simulation and experiment of an intelligent/energy-efficient DCCB to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme.

Research on the Structure of Distribution Network Voltage Smart Grid Information System Based On Flexible DC

Since the concept of smart grid was defined, it has aroused the interest of many researchers, and many countries have also regarded smart grid as a key research project. Because it is the field of power grid research in the future, the structure of the smart grid becomes more complex with the deepening of research, the scale becomes larger, and the data contained in the system is bound to increase rapidly. Flexible DC grid technology has the characteristics of high reliability, good fault tolerance and good scalability, and can be used to solve some problems encountered in the application of smart grids. Based on the structure of the smart grid information system, this paper studies the characteristics of the smart grid data, as well as some safety issues encountered in the data, applies flexible DC power distribution technology, designs a new smart grid equipment management architecture, and System implementation was carried out. Through experimental verification, the new architecture proposed in this paper has high feasibility and safety. Finally, the realization of the management system function based on the new equipment management architecture and the analysis of the system function effect are given.

Research and Application of DC Multi-functional Information Pole

With the progress of electronic information technology and the development of smart cities, DC power supply and distribution technology and multi-functional information pole construction have received more and more attention. As the underlying perceptive carrier, the multi-function information pole is indispensable in the smart city construction. Combining multi-function information poles with DC technology is an innovative solution to the development trend of smart cities. This solution is designed by considering the requirements of electrical, communication and peripherals, we can further reduce power loss, improve reliability and safety by taking power from DC distribution network directly. The DC multi-functional information pole described above has been successfully connected to the DC distribution network of a compound in Huai’ an, Jiangsu Province. The demonstration application of DC power supply from multi-functional information pole at the terminal distribution network level has been realized.

Flexible Power Distribution Technology Based on Modular DC Charging Pile

With the rapid development of electric vehicle industry in China, the contradiction between the increasing users' demand for real-time charging and the unbalanced planning and design of charging piles is increasingly apparent. DC charging pile on the market is developed rapidly, but its structure is with multi-gun to one-pile. It is difficult to meet the demand of different kinds of electric vehicle battery charging, different battery capacity and the user expected charging time. To solve the problems, a flexible power distribution method of DC charging pile is proposed in this paper. When multiple EV in different types and states are charged at the same time, and the actual charging demands of each user and the charging battery are considered, the power module can be dynamically switched to realize the flexible power distribution, the idea of flexible power distribution is described. Then the algorithm steps of power distribution were presented. Finally, the Matlab/Simulink was used for example analysis to simulate the power distribution process when different initial SOC batteries were charged simultaneously.

A Review of Solid-State Circuit Breakers

Although conventional electromechanical circuit breakers have a proven record as effective and reliable devices for circuit protection, emerging power distribution technologies and architectures, such as dc microgrids, require improved interruption performance characteristics (e.g., faster switching speed). The need for faster switching operation, in combination with the latest developments of advanced power semiconductor technologies, has spurred an increase in the research and development in the area of solid-state circuit breakers. This article provides a comprehensive review of various solid-state circuit breaker technologies that have been reported in the literature during recent years. First, we categorize solid-state circuit breakers based on key features and subsystems, including power semiconductor devices, main circuit topologies, voltage clamping methods, gate drivers, fault detection methods, and commutation methods for power semiconductor devices. Second, we discuss the various challenges associated with the design of solid-state circuit breakers from the perspective of generic applications and provide a comparison of several solid-state breaker technologies based on key metrics. Finally, we provide a useful framework and point of reference for future development of solid-state circuit breakers for many emerging power distribution applications.

Topology Research of Flexible DC Distribution Network Based on Different PV Operation Scenes

With the increase of load types and power consumption, the scale of power grids continues to expand. Traditional AC distribution networks face a series of problems, such as distributed power grid-connected power generation, low power quality, and DC power distribution technology. There are clear advantages in these areas. This paper first analyzes the advantages of analyzing flexible DC distribution networks, and clearly analyzes several common topologies of flexible DC distribution networks. Secondly, the distributed photovoltaic model is established, and its way of accessing the AC grid and DC grid is analyzed. It is learned that the DC distribution network has great economic significance. Finally, the four-terminal toroidal DC distribution network in different scenarios is simulated. The simulation results show that the DC distribution network can effectively adjust the voltage through the energy regulation of the energy storage module and the photovoltaic module, and quickly realize the power balance of the DC distribution network.

Comprehensive Evaluation on Economic Performance of Flexible Substation Power Distribution Technology based on BP Neural Network

With improvement of energy utilization level, the effective way of power distribution becomes a key research focus. The traditional rigid power transformation is featured in low transformation efficiency and serious power loss, while the power distribution technology based on flexible substation could exactly solve this problem. This paper, aiming at technical performance, economic benefits, environment impact, policy factors, selects system suitability, transmission efficiency, operational reliability, system transient characteristics, costs, investment efficiency, natural environment impact, social environment impact, and policy influence as evaluation indexes, designs five technical and economic evaluation grade and establishes fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system in combination with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy mathematics and BP neural network to analyze the technical economic performance of AC/DC power transformation technology based on flexible substation, and provide references to subsequent project with example verification.

Techno-economic Analysis on AC/DC Power Distribution Network based on Flexible Substation

With development of technologies and the society, the shortages of traditional AC power distribution technology show up gradually, and more power devices start adopting DC power transmission technology. During that process, the flexible substations emerge correspondingly. This paper, taking the example of Zhangbei flexible substation and AC/DC power distribution network demonstration project, collects various economic data of the project since its commissioning, evaluates its techno-economic performance, analyzes its economic benefits and social benefits and makes expectations about the future.

Synthetic evaluation of DC power quality based on combination weighting

With the development of global renewable energy, DC transmission and DC power distribution technology have been applied on a large scale, and the requirements for DC power quality (PQ) are more stringent. Evaluating DC PQ reasonably and effectively has become a research hotspot at this stage. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis for various indexes of DC PQ is conducted to obtain a unified parameter for describing the characteristics of PQ from an overall perspective. First, weight values of PQ indexes are calculated by combining fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the improved entropy weight method. FAHP can satisfy the consistency without the consistency test, and the improved entropy weight method is an objective weighting method that can effectively avoid the preference of subjective weighting method. Then, based on a triangular fuzzy function, the membership degree is obtained. Finally, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is made. An example analysis is carried out with the data provided by the Gree photovoltaic direct‐driven inverter multi‐variable refrigerant flow system to show the validity of the proposed method for evaluating DC PQ. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Analysis of Output Characteristics of Typical Distributed Wind Power

With the development of smart power distribution technology in the future, a large range of power supply load (such as distributed wind power generation) will appear on the power receiving end. When distributed wind power is connected to the power grid on a large scale, it will have a certain impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid. However, if the wind power output characteristics can be analyzed and the wind power output is properly regulated, the one-way flow of power from the distribution network to the user side will be broken, so that the future "network-load" has dual interaction characteristics based on response and substantial power exchange.

Planning and analysis of the demonstration project of the MVDC distribution network in Zhuhai

The DC distribution system is an important development direction of the distribution system, which can improve the reliability and the quality of the power supply, and support the new energy, the energy storage, the electric vehicles, and the flexible access of AC and DC loads to grid. To realize the demonstration application of the DC distribution technology, China’s first demonstration project of the medium voltage DC distribution network will be built in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province to support the construction of the city energy internet. First, this paper analyzes the demand of the DC distribution network project, and puts forward the construction content and construction target. Then, it designs and analyzes the electrical connection mode, system operation mode, and startup and shutdown mode of the DC distribution network, and proposes the overall project construction plan. Finally, it conducts the specific project design and analysis, which mainly include the selection of equipment such as inverters, DC transformers and DC circuit breakers, the design and analysis of the DC control and protection system, the design and analysis of the over-voltage protection and the configuration scheme of the lightning arrester, and analysis of the system transient characteristics. The design and analysis of the engineering program is a combination of China’s distribution network engineering practice and technical characteristics, which lays a solid foundation for the advancement of the DC power distribution technology in China, and has reference value and demonstration effect for the design and construction of other projects.

Methodology to qualify marine electrical propulsion system architectures for platform supply vessels

Conventional diesel-electric propulsion systems in platform supply vessels (PSVs) use low-voltage AC (LVAC) supply-based architecture with multiple diesel-generators feeding busbars at 690 V, 60 Hz. The busbars distribute power to thruster motor drives via multi-pulse transformers and diode bridge rectifiers. Advancements in electrical power conversion and distribution technologies offer possibilities of AC or DC distribution at low/medium voltage (LV/MV) for reduced fuel consumption (FC), emissions, and equipment footprint. This study presents methodology to qualify propulsion system architecture for PSV application. Potential architectures, besides conventional one, are active front end (AFE) converter-based LVAC (690 V), MVAC (3.3 kV), LVDC (1000 V), and MVDC (5000 V). Performances of these architectures are assessed quantitatively based on FC, emissions, weight, volume, efficiency, and reliability. FC is estimated based on brake-specific FC data of diesel engine. NO x , SO 2 , and CO 2 emissions are assessed based on their emission factors. The weight, volume, and efficiency are estimated based on parameters of individual components. Reliability is assessed based on component failure data using DIgSILENT Power Factory. The architectures are ranked based on performance parameters using a Pugh matrix. The most suitable architecture for the target PSV is LVDC, followed by MVDC, LVAC with AFE, MVAC, and conventional LVAC.

A survey on smart power grid: frameworks, tools, security issues, and solutions

Smart power grid is referred to as the next revolutionary innovation in electric power generation, transmission, and distribution technology. Smart grids are an example of cyber physical system (CPS) and an extremely critical infrastructure. The smart grids are expected to be more secure and must have the ability of self-healing and recovery. Smart power grids are also one of the major targets for different kinds of cyber attacks, as they are now an open system network, according to the model architecture of smart power grid. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on understanding the smart power grid, its important components, different cyber security and other kinds of issues, existing methodologies and approaches for communication protocols, and architecture of smart power grids. We conclude our paper by discussing various research challenges that still exist in the literature, which provides a better understanding of the problem, the current solution space, and future research directions to defend smart power against different cyber attacks.

The Visualization Analysis of Research Hotspot and Frontier Technology of the Smart Power Distribution and Utilization Based on the Cite Space

In order to make an intensive study of the development of smart power distribution and utilization technology in China, their research hotspots and frontier technology are selected out through combining the informatics method, and using the CiteSpace which can take keyword cooccurrence analysis and draw the visualization graph. According to this result, we can infer the development trend of smart power distribution and utilization in the future, and providing reference for the researcher whose engage in this domain. The electric related literature was collected from the CNKI database in China. Under the smart power distribution and utilization domain, we also analyze the development of the power quality and the energy internet in detail.