Preparation Of Powders Research Articles

Automated process development with pure API filling using vacuum drum.

Automated process development with pure API filling using vacuum drum.

Enhancing surimi gel properties in silver carp with innovative ultra-micro crayfish shell powder.

Enhancing surimi gel properties in silver carp with innovative ultra-micro crayfish shell powder.

Preparation and characterization of a special high speed steel powder prepared by plasma rotating electrode process

Preparation and characterization of a special high speed steel powder prepared by plasma rotating electrode process

Preparation of high-quality microspherical powders for TiO2 coatings via spray drying

Preparation of high-quality microspherical powders for TiO2 coatings via spray drying

Preparation of Carrier-Free Inhalable Dry Powder of Rivaroxaban Using Two-Step Milling for Lung-Targeted Delivery.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to develop a dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation of rivaroxaban (RVX) using a combination of bead milling (BM) and jet milling (JM) to enhance lung-targeted delivery for the effective treatment of pulmonary embolism while minimizing systemic exposure. Methods: A carrier-free DPI formulation of RVX was developed using sequential BM and JM, with L-leucine incorporated at various concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) as a force control agent. The formulations were characterized for particle morphology, size distribution, crystallinity, and thermal properties. The in-vitro aerodynamic performance was evaluated using a next-generation impactor, while ex-vivo studies assessed anticoagulant activity. Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies were carried out in Sprague Dawley rats following intratracheal administration, and the effects of inhaled RVX were compared with those of oral administration. Results: The optimized BM-JM-5L formulation achieved a Dv50 of 2.58 ± 0.01 µm and a fine particle fraction of 72.10 ± 2.46%, indicating suitability for pulmonary delivery. The two-step milling effectively reduced particle size and enhanced dispersibility without altering RVX's physicochemical properties. Ex-vivo anticoagulation tests confirmed maintained or improved activity. In-vivo studies showed that pulmonary administration (5 mg/kg) led to a 493-fold increase in lung drug concentration and 2.56-fold higher relative bioavailability vs. oral dosing, with minimal heart tissue accumulation, confirming targeted lung delivery. Conclusions: The two-step milled RVX DPI formulations, particularly BM-JM-5L with 5% leucine, demonstrated significant potential for pulmonary administration by achieving high local drug concentrations, rapid onset, and improved bioavailability at lower doses. These findings highlight the feasibility of RVX as a DPI formulation for pulmonary delivery in treating pulmonary embolism.

Tin Powder Preparation by Electrodeposition of Tin Chloride in a Choline Chloride-Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent

Tin powder is widely used in industry as a raw material for making various products. In this study, the tin powder is prepared by electrodeposition of a mixed solution of tin chloride with a deep eutectic solvent as the electrolyte, to investigate the impact of electrodeposition variables on the current efficiency and the tin morphology produced at the surface of the stainless steel 316 cathode. A cyclic voltammetry test was applied to observe the characteristics of the electrolyte solutions, and the electrodeposition experiment was applied to investigate the impact of technological variables on current efficiency and tin morphology formed at the stainless 316 cathode surface. Experimental findings show that in the cyclic voltammetry test, increasing the tin amounts in electrolyte solutions from 5 to 30 g L−1 increased the cathodic peak current, and the higher tin amount creates a higher current density. While in the electrodeposition process, the cathode current efficiency increased when the electrodeposition current was raised from 2.5 to 6.88 A dm−2 or the tin amounts in the electrolyte solution were raised from 5 to 10 g L−1. Additionally, smaller tin particles were produced at a higher current density, lower temperature, and lower tin amount.

Preparation and application of bioadhesive hydrogel powder loaded with quorum sensing inhibitor isomaltitol for salmon preservation

Preparation and application of bioadhesive hydrogel powder loaded with quorum sensing inhibitor isomaltitol for salmon preservation

Effect of combined CeO2 and La2O3 additions and powder processing methods on YSZ thermal barrier coatings

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of codoping CeO2 and La2O3 into yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) via two different spray powder preparation methods: mechanical ball milling and spray granulation, followed by the deposition of CeO2–La2O3–YSZ coatings using atmospheric plasma spraying. The phase composition, microstructure, and thermal shock resistance of the composite powders and coatings were analyzed to explore the influence of CeO2–La2O3 codoping and powder preparation techniques on the microstructure and performance of the coatings. The results indicate that the addition of CeO2 and La2O3 enhances the phase stability of YSZ coatings, reduces thermal conductivity, and significantly improves thermal shock resistance. The preparation method of the spray powder affects the morphology of the powder and the solubility of rare earth elements in the YSZ coating. Compared to the mechanical mixing method, the spray granulated CeO2–La2O3–YSZ composite powder exhibits good agglomeration and spherical morphology. After plasma spraying, the rare earth elements are more thoroughly dissolved in the coating, resulting in a uniform microstructure, higher bonding strength, lower thermal conductivity, and better thermal shock resistance. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the materials design and preparation processes for novel YSZ‐based thermal barrier coatings.

Bulk synthesis of mixed transition metal dichalcogenide and performance as working electrode in Li, Na, and K-ion half cells

Nanosheets of mixed or cation-substituted Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) are promising materials for a range of applications, including electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices. Yet such materials are expensive to produce in large quantities (gram levels or higher). Here, we report on a two-step process, which involves precursor pyrolysis and sulfur annealing for the preparation of bulk powders of MoxW1-xS2. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized cation-substituted TMD alloy are compared with high-purity commercially sourced MoWS2and MoS2/WS2hybrid specimens. Notably, the electrochemical characteristics of synthesized MoxW1-xS2exhibit exceptional first-cycle specific charge capacities for lithium-ion (638 mAh g-1), sodium-ion (423 mAh g-1), and potassium-ion (328 mAh g-1) half-cells. All the cells showed capacity decay in longer-term cycling tests, arising from volume changes in TMD conversion-type electrodes. To mitigate the capacity decay, a voltage cut-off method is implemented, which minimizes irreversibility and structural distortion of TMD during cycling, even at higher cycling currents with nearly 100% average cycling efficiency. The findings of this study demonstrate a proficient and scalable synthesis methodology poised to be utilized across an array of layered TMD materials, with benefits to both industry and fundamental research into alkali-metal-ion energy storage.

Chemical composition and physical parameters of particles as factors of variability of the sorption properties of protein powder preparations

Chemical composition and physical parameters of particles as factors of variability of the sorption properties of protein powder preparations

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JL54 and Preparation of Powder Through Spray Drying.

Larch dieback disease, caused by Neofusicoccum laricinum, severely affects forest health and productivity. To effectively curb the occurrence of this disease, a powder formulation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JL54 was developed through spray drying. The research commenced with the optimization of fermentation medium and culture conditions through statistical design, aiming to maximize both bacterial viability and antagonistic activity. The optimal medium included 12 g/L yeast extract, 11.8 g/L yeast powder, and 7.2 g/L magnesium sulfate. Optimal culture conditions included 30% loading volume, 1% inoculum, 37 °C incubation temperature, 31.8 h shaking time, and initial pH 6.4. Under these conditions, the viable count of strain JL54 reached 4.45 × 109 cfu/mL, a 296.67-fold increase compared with the unoptimized system. To evaluate its practical applicability, field trials were conducted, showing a 54% control efficiency against larch dieback disease, significantly suppressing disease progression. Subsequently, the spray drying process was optimized with a 1:10 protective agent-to-water ratio, 100 °C inlet temperature, and 630 mL/h feed flow rate, achieving a 78.41% powder recovery rate. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens JL54 as an effective biocontrol agent for managing larch dieback and supports its application in spray-dried formulations for forest disease control.

Using waste drug tablets as catalyst in the novel transesterification/ultrasonic:electrical shock (TRANS/US-ESH) method for biofuel production

ABSTRACT In this study, a heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from pharmaceutical waste, and a new method was used to produce biofuel from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). The combined method of transesterification with the help of ultrasonic waves and electrical shock was used for biofuel production (TRANS/US-ESH). A low-cost, high-efficiency heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from waste pharmaceutical tablets, including Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Oxide (MgO). After the preparation and calcination of MgO and CaCO3 powders, they were combined with Alumina (Al2O3) and Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4) particles to synthesise the final catalyst by impregnation method. The ratio of the mentioned materials to prepare the catalyst for magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, and nickel sulfate was 1:1:1:0.25 wt% respectively. In the TRANS/US-ESH method, the mentioned catalysts were identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analyses. Also, important parameters such as time (min), temperature (°C), oil: ethanol ratio (vol/vol), and catalyst loading (wt%), which play an essential role in the reaction process, were investigated and optimised by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The maximum mass yield for biofuel produced by the new method was 96.9 wt%.

Preparation and Properties of Silver-Plated Nickel Powders by Displacement–Reduction Chemical Composite Plating Method with Different Silver Nitrate Concentrations

Preparation and Properties of Silver-Plated Nickel Powders by Displacement–Reduction Chemical Composite Plating Method with Different Silver Nitrate Concentrations

Microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy processed by friction rolling additive manufacturing

Solid-state additive manufacturing (SSAM) has garnered more attentions in recent years. Due to the non-equilibrium solidification during powder preparation, supersaturated alloy powders as deposition material for SSAM would obtain superior mechanical properties to the rods and plates. In this study, gas-atomized AlMnMgScZr powder was used to produce bulk samples by friction rolling additive manufacturing (FRAM), and the densification behavior, microstructural evolution, and tensile properties of fabricated samples with different additive layer thicknesses ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm have been investigated. The results showed that the degree of powder bonding is improved, while the second phases formed in the FRAMed alloys become coarser by reducing the additive layer thickness. The FRAM process induces the dissolution of primary second-phase particles existing in the initial powder, meanwhile leading to the dynamic precipitation of Al 6 Mn and Al 3 Sc phases. The prior precipitation of Al 3 Sc particles plays a crucial role in inhibiting the coarsening of the Al 6 Mn phase. Tensile tests indicated that the additive layer thickness obviously influenced the strength and ductility of fabricated alloys due to the change in bonding quality and the evolution of the second phases. Both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are decreased, while the elongation is initially increased and then decreased with decreasing additive layer thickness. The sample with the additive layer thickness of 0.3 mm exhibits a good combination of strength and ductility, in which the yield strength and elongation are 422 MPa and 18%, respectively.

Preparation of Ultrafine Iron Powder by Direct Ferric Oxide Reduction with Ammonia Gas

Preparation of Ultrafine Iron Powder by Direct Ferric Oxide Reduction with Ammonia Gas

Effect of different phases of alumina on the preparation of aluminum nitride powder by carbothermal reduction-nitridation method

Effect of different phases of alumina on the preparation of aluminum nitride powder by carbothermal reduction-nitridation method

Preparation of Ni-coated HfCxNy composite powders by electroless plating

Preparation of Ni-coated HfCxNy composite powders by electroless plating

Structures and compositions of the oil/wall interfaces and wall layers affected the properties of spray-dried fish oil powders.

Structures and compositions of the oil/wall interfaces and wall layers affected the properties of spray-dried fish oil powders.

Controlled electrochemical preparation of ruthenium-carbon composite powder in molten salt

Controlled electrochemical preparation of ruthenium-carbon composite powder in molten salt

Effect of powder preparation on degradation behavior and cytotoxicity of sintered porous biodegradable FeMnC alloys for biomedical applications

Effect of powder preparation on degradation behavior and cytotoxicity of sintered porous biodegradable FeMnC alloys for biomedical applications