Preparation Of Powders Research Articles

Evaluating powder preparation of Dodonaea viscosa as a new potential control measure against bacterial wilt of tomato

Evaluating powder preparation of Dodonaea viscosa as a new potential control measure against bacterial wilt of tomato

Increasing the efficiency of Siberian sturgeon juveniles growing on industrial feeding line by enriching of base feeds with dry garlic powder and humic preparation from peat

Of all representatives of sturgeon aquaculture, Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii occupies about 40% of its volume and is grown in 50 countries, including Russia. In 2018, the volume of commercial biomass production of this fish in the world was estimated at about 22–23 thousand tons [17]. In order to increase the efficiency of industrial production of this fish in aquaculture in the extreme conditions of Siberia, it is advisable to use feeds enriched with non-toxic components of natural origin, which increase the viability and productivity of objects and have no adverse affect to products quality and environment. In aquaculture, including sturgeons, the phytobiotic garlic and complex organic molecules of humic compounds are used for this purpose. In this experiment the industrial factory feeds, enriched with the humic additive Humiton from peat at a dose of 25 ml/kg of feed and/or dried garlic powder at a dose of 30 g/kg was used. The effectiveness of these feeds was evaluated for training of the rearing stock of Siberian sturgeon juveniles for maintenance in cages in winter conditions, depending on the initial weight of the objects. In sturgeons with a higher initial weight, by the end of the experiment, the use of feeds enriched with each of the components was effective in terms of safety, weight gain and improvement in the feed conversion rate FCR against the background of cold stress. In small fish, the main effect was an improvement in FCR when fed with garlic powder.

Research Status of Manufacturing Technology of Tungsten Alloy Wire.

In light of the fact that tungsten wire is gradually replacing high-carbon steel wire as a diamond cutting line, it is particularly important to study tungsten alloy wire with better strength and performance. According to this paper, in addition to various technological factors (powder preparation, press forming, sintering, rolling, rotary forging, annealing, wire drawing, etc.), the main factors affecting the properties of the tungsten alloy wire are the composition of the tungsten alloy, the shape and size of the powder, etc. Combined with the research results in recent years, this paper summarizes the effects of changing the composition of tungsten materials and improving the processing technology on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten and its alloys and points out the development direction and trend of tungsten and its alloy wires in the future.

Optimization of Carob Products Preparation for Targeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Analysis

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) is an exceptional source of significant bioactive compounds with great economic importance in the Mediterranean region, where it is widely cultivated. Carob fruit is used for the production of a variety of products and commodities such as powder, syrup, coffee, flour, cakes, and beverages. There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of carob and the products made from it on a range of health problems. Therefore, metabolomics could be used to explore the nutrient-rich compounds of carob. Sample preparation is a crucial step in metabolomics-based analysis and has a great impact on the quality of the data obtained. Herein, sample preparation of carob syrup and powder was optimized, to enable highly efficient metabolomics-based HILIC-MS/MS analysis. Pooled powder and syrup samples were extracted under different conditions by adjusting pH, solvent type, and sample weight to solvent volume ratio (Wc/Vs). The metabolomics profiles obtained were evaluated using the established criteria of total area and number of maxima. It was observed that the Wc/Vs ratio of 1:2 resulted in the highest number of metabolites, regardless of solvent type or pH. Aqueous acetonitrile with a Wc/Vs ratio of 1:2 satisfied all established criteria for both carob syrup and powder samples. However, when the pH was adjusted, basic aqueous propanol 1:2 Wc/Vs and acidic aqueous acetonitrile 1:2 Wc/Vs provided the best results for syrup and powder, respectively. We strongly believe that the current study could support the standardization of the metabolomics sample preparation process to enable more efficient LC-MS/MS carob analysis.

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.

Preparation and evaluation of a functional effervescent powder based on inclusion complexes of orange oil and β-cyclodextrin derivatives

Flavoured functional effervescent powders are becoming increasingly popular by consumers due to their health benefits and easy dissolution. In present study, orange flavoured effervescent powders having functional properties were prepared. Orange oil (O) was blended with different essential oils (EOs) that have high antioxidant activity. The orange oil and the O-EOs blends were subjected to odour sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and evaluation of radical scavenging activity. Combinations of two water soluble β-cyclodextrin polymers, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) and epichlorohydrin-β-cyclodextrin (EPI-β-CD), were prepared at different molar ratios (3:1 and 1:3, F1 and F2, respectively). The O-EOs blends that showed the highest antioxidant activities and best odour qualities were encapsulated with F1 and F2, separately. The orange flavoured inclusion complexes were prepared by freeze drying method. The particle sizes of the inclusion complex powders were in the nanoscale. Characterization of the inclusion complexes nanoparticles was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR). The results confirmed the successful formation of the inclusion complexes. However, inclusion complex of O-EOs (300 mg) blend with F1 (OF1cIC) showed the smallest particle size (113.90±15.90 nm), the more negative zeta potential (−27.10±1.27 mV), the highest encapsulation efficiency (95.51%) and best odour quality. Therefore, it was mixed with an effervescent powder having high acceptable characteristics. The orange flavoured effervescent powder showed superior flowability.

Grinding effect of sodium silicate on muscovite and its mechanism analysis

Muscovite is widely used in many fields due to its good insulating and other physical and chemical properties. With the development of deep processing, high-end products put forward higher requirements on the particle size of muscovite. Improving the efficient preparation of muscovite powder has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. It is a good choice to add grinding aids in the grinding process. In this study, the effect of sodium silicate on the grinding effect of muscovite was investigated. The samples were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, Zeta potential and XPS, respectively. On this basis, the grinding mechanism sodium silicate on muscovite was discussed. The results indicate that adding sodium silicate in the grinding process of muscovite can significantly accelerate the refinement of muscovite particles, and the surface structure of muscovite is destroyed. The SiO(OH)3− hydrolyzed by sodium silicate adsorbs on the surface of muscovite, which leads to the dispersion of muscovite pulp, and thus improves the grinding effect. This study has some reference significance for improving the production efficiency of muscovite powder and the application of grinding aids.

In-vitro Sun Protecting Factor of Rice Bran Oil and Its Formulation as Compact Powder

This study aims to determine the effective concentration of rice bran oil which can protect against ultraviolet (UV) rays as well as formulate it in compact powder preparation followed by determination of its Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) value. Rice bran samples were extracted using the Soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane: ethanol (1:1) as the solvent. Further identification of the γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil was carried out using TLC silica gel GF254 with eluent of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (3:1). The obtained γ-oryzanol in rice bran oil was used as the ingredient to develop the compact powder which is made into five formulas with 0,05 %-0,25 % concentration. All formulas were characterized, including homogeneity, adhesion and crack test. UV-Visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the SPF value of rice bran oil and its compact powder. The identification results demonstrated a positive presence of the chemical γ-oryzanol in the rice bran oil. At concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 ppm, rice bran oil may protect against UV rays with SPF values ranging from 1.741 to 11.884. The result showed that all formulas dispersed homogeneously, performed well in terms of compactness, and had no breaks or cracks discovered. Meanwhile, the SPF values of all formulas are found to be 1.390 and 1.274. The results indicate that the SPF values are shallow and are included in the minimal SPF category (2-4) in protecting against UV rays.

Properties of PSN-PZT piezoelectric ceramic powder prepared by fast solid-phase reaction method

Piezoelectric smart materials have been developed from piezoelectric ceramics in various fields, and thus piezoelectric ceramics play a vital role in new materials. However, the complex process involved in the preparation of piezoelectric ceramic powder is expensive, making it difficult to achieve large-scale production. Therefore, in this study, we propose a fast solid-phase method for preparing a piezoelectric ceramic powder (PSN-PZT). The method optimises two procedures in the conventional solid-phase method, saving 43.9% and 34.7% in power cost and time, respectively, and saving 34.8% in total cost. Optimisation of the process did not significantly reduce the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of PSN-PZT. The optimal polarisation conditions were a polarisation temperature of 40 ℃, a polarisation time of 25 min, and a polarisation voltage of 3.5 kV. Under these conditions, the piezoelectric constant (d33), dielectric constant εr, and depolarisation rate at 7 days were 895 pC/N, 4340, and 0.34%, respectively. In this paper, the preparation process of the piezoelectric ceramic powder used in the preparation process of piezoelectric composites is optimized, and the preparation of piezoelectric ceramics by the fast solid-phase method provides technical support for the mass production of piezoelectric composites.

Sintering-free preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12–LiBH4-based solid-state electrolytes and their electrical conductivities

Solid-state electrolytes with sintering-free characteristics and compatibility with Li metal anodes are desirable for increasing the energy density of lithium-ion secondary batteries. In this study, we developed a composite-type electrolyte two Li-metal compatible materials: conductive Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) and sintering-free LiBH4. Preparation of LLZ powder by hand milling, rather than ball milling, was beneficial to produce dense LLZ–LiBH4 composite. The LLZ–LiBH4 composited mixed by hand did not exhibit the formation of secondary phases at a magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance level. Up to a volume fraction of LLZ to 0.8, LiBH4 filled the space between LLZ particles, and the total ionic conductivity increased with increasing LLZ fraction. The LLZ–LiBH4 composite showed 670 times higher room-temperature ionic conductivity at the optimum composition than that of LiBH4 alone. The Li+ conduction behavior of the LLZ–LiBH4 composite changed from a percolation model to a series resistance model by the phase transition of LiBH4 to a high-temperature conductive phase. Furthermore, the current tolerance of Li|LLZ–LiBH4 composite|Li cell was comparable to that of a cell using a well-sintered LLZ electrolyte, suggesting that this composite can be used with Li metal anode.

Study on the factors affecting the morphology of silver powder in liquid phase chemical reduction

Preparation of silver powder by liquid-phase reduction process with ascorbic acid and silver nitrate. Through single factor experiments, the influence of factors such as the reducing agent, the pH value of silver nitrate solution, the feeding method and the post-treatment method of dispersant on the morphology of silver powder was studied. The best condition for using orthogonal experiments to obtain silver nitrate is that added directly into the ascorbic acid, the pH value of silver nitrate is 10, and the post-treatment method is alcohol washing and vacuum drying.

Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Mapping for the Identification of the Prescribed and Abnormal Ingredients of Herbal Powder Preparations.

Herbal powder preparations (HPPs) are common forms of traditional medicine made by blending the powder of two or more ingredients. The first step to ensure the safety and efficacy of HPPs is to confirm the prescribed ingredients and screen the abnormal ingredients. With the help of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) imaging or mapping, the particles of different ingredients in an HPP sample can be measured individually. In this way, the overlapped absorption signals of different ingredients in the ATR FT-IR spectrum of the bulk sample can be isolated in the ATR FT-IR spectra of the microscopic particles, which leads to the substantial increase of the specificity and sensitivity of the infrared spectral identification method. The characteristic particles of each ingredient can be identified by the objective comparison of the microscopic ATR FT-IR spectra against the reference spectra based on the correlation coefficients. Since the ATR FT-IR imaging or mapping tests of HPPs are free of the separation preprocess, multiple organic and inorganic ingredients are able to be recognized by a single identification procedure simultaneously rather than by different separation and identification procedures. As an example, the ATR FT-IR mapping method was used in this research to successfully identify three prescribed ingredients and two abnormal ingredients in oral ulcer pulvis, which is a classic HPP for oral ulcer in traditional Chinese medicine. The results show the feasibility of the ATR FT-IR microspectroscopic identification method for the objective and simultaneous identification of the prescribed and abnormal ingredients of HPPs.

Fast RP-HPLC Method for Analysis of Glucosinolates and Phenolics in Moringa stenopetala Leaf Powder Preparations

Fast RP-HPLC Method for Analysis of Glucosinolates and Phenolics in Moringa stenopetala Leaf Powder Preparations

Design of Solar Panel for 1.5 Hp Nano Coated Motor Used in Ball Mills for Producing Nano Powders in Pyro Industries in Sivakasi

This paper deals with the design of nano coated motor used in ball mills used for producing nano powders in pyro industries in Sivakasi. This paper also briefs about the profile of industries and administration of Virudhunagar district. A brief history of Virudhunagar district was also discussed. This paper deals with the industrial application of nano coated motor used in the preparation of nano powders used in pyro industries located in Sivakasi. Design of solar panel for 1.5 Hp nano coated motor was given in nice manner for the understanding of young researchers to design the solar cells for the nano coated motor. These nano coated motors were used in pyro industries for producing nano powders in ball mills in Sivakasi.

In situ self-assembly preparation and characterization of CaO–ZrO2 nanopowders under vacuum

CaO–ZrO2 nanocomposite powders were prepared by in situ self-assembly method under vacuum. The effects of calcium oxide content on the physical phase composition and microscopic morphology of the as-prepared nanopowders were investigated. The results showed that the content of the tetragonal phase in the powders gradually increased with increasing calcium oxide content. When the calcium oxide content reached 10 wt%, the prepared CaO–ZrO2 nanopowders were a pure tetragonal phase with good dispersion and average particle size about 57 nm. In comparison to the situation in air, the amorphous carbon particles formed by the pyrolysis of organic matter under vacuum were evenly distributed on the surface of the nanocomposite particles or between them. In this way, direct contact of the nanoparticles was avoided, thus inhibiting their rapid growth at high temperatures and facilitating the formation of fine grains with high surface energy. The preliminary results indicated that the smaller average particle size and narrower particle size distribution of the nanocomposite powders prepared in vacuum were significantly beneficial for improving the bending strength of the nanoceramic products compared to that in air. It is expected to provide valuable information for further optimization of the controllable preparation of high-quality nanoceramic powders.

Green Methods for the Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Membranes: From Graphite to Membranes.

Graphene oxide (GO) has shown great potential as a membrane material due to its unique properties, including high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability, versatility, tunability, and outperforming molecular sieving capabilities. GO membranes can be used in a wide range of applications, such as water treatment, gas separation, and biological applications. However, the large-scale production of GO membranes currently relies on energy-intensive chemical methods that use hazardous chemicals, leading to safety and environmental concerns. Therefore, more sustainable and greener approaches to GO membrane production are needed. In this review, several strategies proposed so far are analyzed, including a discussion on the use of eco-friendly solvents, green reducing agents, and alternative fabrication techniques, both for the preparation of the GO powders and their assembly in membrane form. The characteristics of these approaches aiming to reduce the environmental impact of GO membrane production while maintaining the performance, functionality, and scalability of the membrane are evaluated. In this context, the purpose of this work is to shed light on green and sustainable routes for GO membranes' production. Indeed, the development of green approaches for GO membrane production is crucial to ensure its sustainability and promote its widespread use in various industrial application fields.

Mixtures of Modified Starch and Rice and Pea Protein Concentrate as Wall Material in the Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil

Flaxseed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its incorporation into food formulations is limited due to its hydrophobic nature and susceptibility to oxidation. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of wall material mixtures (modified starch Capsul® and rice and pea protein concentrate) on the efficiency of flaxseed oil encapsulation by freeze-drying, physical characterization, and determining oxidative stability. For the preparation of powders, four emulsions with an oil–wall material ratio of 1:3 were produced and characterized. The mass ratio between rice and pea proteins was fixed at 50–50%. The mass ratio of the protein-Capsul® mixtures was varied by 0–100%, 10–90%, 20–80%, and 30–70%. Based on the creaming index results, all emulsions showed good stability after 24 h of analysis. The powders showed low moisture content (<3.23%), bulk density (<0.2659 kg/kg), and packed bulk density (<0.4389 kg/kg). Encapsulation efficiency decreased with increasing protein content, ranging from 93.40% (protein-Capsul® ratio of 0–100%) to 18.26% (protein-Capsul® ratio of 30–70%). However, the best oxidative stability results (smaller increases in the peroxide index values at the end of the stability experiments) were obtained for the powders containing the highest levels of vegetable proteins (protein-Capsul® ratio of 20–80% and 30–70%, respectively).

Comparative study of encapsulated cannabidiol ternary solid dispersions prepared by different techniques: The application of a novel technique jet milling

Jet milling is a common technique in ultrafine powder preparation field. It has never been used to design delivery systems. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an important cannabinoid of hemp but poor aqueous solubility limited its applications. In this study, solid dispersion (SD) technique was combined with cyclodextrin complexation technique, and jet milling was used for the first time to prepare SDs for improving CBD solubility. Different characterizations demonstrated that the dispersion effect and complexation structure of CBD SD3 prepared by jet milling were comparable to that of CBD SD2 prepared by spray drying (a common solution-based method), and were better than that of CBD SD1 prepared by cogrinding. The water solubility of CBD was increased to 20.902 μg/mL (909-fold) in CBD SD3. Besides, the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity to tumor cells of CBD were enhanced by dispersion. This work indicated that jet milling, as a new technique with low cost and excellent applicability, could be further developed for the delivery of food functional factors or bioactive molecules.

Preparation of single phase nano-sized AlN powder by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of hydrothermal synthesized carbon coated γ-Al2O3 from glucose via fast heating

By twice pre-milling γ-Al2O3 in absolute ethyl alcohol plus in glucose aqueous solution, γ-Al2O3 was first coated by carbon via hydrothermal treatment technique. Then, at a fast heating speed of 50 °C/min, nano-sized pure AlN powders were synthesized through carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) at 1550–1600 °C for 60–120 min in N2. The pre-milling in absolute ethyl alcohol effectively broke the initial aggregation of γ-Al2O3, and the subsequent milling in glucose aqueous solution led to well contact between γ-Al2O3 and glucose, which contributed to the formation of intact carbon coating on the surface of γ-Al2O3 during hydrothermal treatment. The coated carbon served as one reactant and inhibitor of particle aggregation for CRN, which also led to retention of γ-Al2O3 and its morphology during heating with the help of high heating speed. As a result, fine AlN of ∼100 nm was directly formed by nitridation of γ-Al2O3. The synthesis mechanism of nano-sized AlN powder by the carbon coated Al2O3/C precursor was discussed.

Composite materials ferropiezoelectric ceramics-polymer for hydroacoustic receivers

The purpose of this work is to study the processes of interfacial interactions, their influence on the piezoelectric properties in highly elastic composite structures, to establish the patterns that determine the volume-sensitive piezoelectric characteristics of composites and to create effective piezoelectric materials for hydroacoustic receiving devices. In the process of this work, the development of a method for obtaining anisotropic ferropiezoelectric ceramics, the development of methods for the preparation of perfect ceramic powders and composite materials based on thermoplastic fluoropolymers and the study of composite materials based on lead–calcium titanate were carried out. As a result of the study, the dependences of the hydrostatic parameters of the composites on the degree of filling, particle size distribution, piezoelectric anisotropy of the active phase and the elastic properties of the polymer matrix were established. Composite materials were based on ceramics of the PT–CT system and thermoplastic fluoropolymers F-2ME, F-62, F-2N with a degree of filling with a ceramic phase from 30 to 60% vol. The dependences of the hydrostatic piezoelectric moduli [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the quality factor [Formula: see text] on the degree of filling of the composite for polymers F-62 and F-2ME with different average sizes of ceramic particles are plotted. It has been established that the maximum values [Formula: see text] = 119.1⋅10[Formula: see text]V⋅m/N and the quality factor [Formula: see text] = 6074⋅10[Formula: see text] m2/N are achieved for a polymer with a higher elastic compliance (F-62) at a degree of filling of 60% vol. and the use of granular filler.