Poverty Line Research Articles

Analysis of Economic Growth on the Use of Special Autonomy Funds on Papua Poverty

The problem of this research is that economic growth is still minimal, poverty in Warmon village is still quite high, so the research aims to find out the extent to which special autonomy funds influence the level of poverty in Papua and what is the relationship between the level of economic growth and the level of poverty in Papua. This research uses a mixed research method (mixed methods research), namely research based on a combination of positivism and post-positivism. Combination Research is a research method that combines quantitative and qualitative forms. The results show that the special autonomy funds in Papua, especially in the Warmon sub-district, have a positive effect but are not yet optimal because the special autonomy funds are allocated to infrastructure development in the area. The level of economic growth is interconnected and the relationship is tied to the level of poverty, indicating that if economic growth increases then will reduce the level of poverty in Papua, especially in Warmon village.

Pengaruh Pengangguran, Pembangunan Manusia, dan Upah Minimum Terhadap Kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua

Poverty is a major concern for governments around the world, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. In Indonesia, the government prioritizes poverty alleviation as part of efforts to improve people's welfare. This study aims to examine the influence of unemployment, human development index, and regional minimum wage on poverty in districts/cities in Papua Province during the period 2017-2021. Data from 29 districts/cities in Papua were analyzed using the panel data regression method. The three estimation approaches used include common effect, fixed effect, and random effect. Based on the results of the best model selection test, random effect was selected as the most suitable model. The analysis using this model shows that unemployment has a negative impact on poverty, contrary to the hypothesis that unemployment has a positive impact. In addition, the human development index also has a negative influence on poverty, while the regional minimum wage has no significant effect on poverty levels.

Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Jumlah Penduduk, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Terhadap Kemiskinan di Indonesia Periode 2017-2022

This study seeks to assess the impact of economic growth, population size, Human Development Index (HDI), and open poverty rates on poverty levels in Indonesia throughout the 2017-2022 timeframe. The methodology employed involves panel data regression analysis to scrutinize the correlation between these variables and poverty levels. The outcomes of the investigation reveal that economic growth exhibits a statistically insignificant adverse influence on poverty, while the magnitude of the population does not yield a significant effect. The efficacy of HDI in mitigating poverty also demonstrates an insignificant outcome. Nonetheless, these findings offer a novel standpoint on the efficacy of policies related to human development in enhancing well-being. Additionally, it is imperative to acknowledge the impact of open poverty levels on the overall poverty scenario. In conclusion, this research contributes to understanding the dynamics of factors that influence poverty levels in Indonesia during this period, by implementing policies for poverty alleviation in the future.”

Assessing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Social Determinants Among COVID-19 Case-Contact Dyads in Household Settings.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).The COVID-19 outbreak raised several public and mental health concerns including tremendous psychological distress. To assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among COVID-19-positive patientsand household contacts and to determine the socio-demographic factors associated with PTSD in the study population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19-positive patients and their family members in Ernakulam district. A daily list of COVID-19-positive patients was obtained from the district officials. Confirmed cases and their close contacts in households were contacted over telephone and were interviewed after obtaining consent. Post-traumatic stress was assessed by the PTSD Symptom Scale - Interview Version (PSS-I-5) questionnaire. There were 279 study participants, of whom 93 were COVID-19 positive and the remaining 186 were their contacts.More than a third (34, 36.6%) of cases suffered from PTSD while about a fifth (40, 21.5%) of contacts suffered from PTSD. Among cases, persons belonging to the below poverty line (BPL) had 2.9l (1.19, 7.24) times higher risk compared to those above poverty line (APL). Women also had a 2.8 (1.14, 7.01) higher odds compared to males. Among contacts, graduates had a 9.54 (95% CI: 1.84, 49.36) increased odds whereas homemakers were found to be protected (0.195 (0.06, 0.66)) against PTSD compared to the employed group. Psychological counselling and support are essential for addressing PTSD among women and those living with BPL, as these groups are disproportionately affected.

Nutrient Status of Some Food Fishes with Respect to Their Proximate Composition: A Review

The nutritional awareness is a vital issue in most of the developing countries. Consumption of imbalance nutrients is globally responsible for the malnutrition, a curse for the people who belongs to below poverty line. Fish is a vital source of protein and many other essential nutrients for the human health. More than one billion of people around the world include fish food in their regular diet. Many of the developing countries like India are resided by poor villagers who gladly consume the small fish species which are of low cost and easily available in the water lands. The nutrient status the small food fishes are of greater interest to the researchers in the field of biochemistry in terms of their socio-economic impact and sustainable human food chain. Advanced researches on the biochemical constituents of different fishes are signified and essential to the human health as well as medicinal practitioners to formulate newer medicines for the prevention of many life risk diseases of the community. This review article is an attempt to review the current scientific literatures on the nutrient status with respect to their proximate composition of different fish species across the globe. The significance of such study on Food-to-food fortification (FtFF) on the basis of proximate composition of fish along with challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted.

Analisis Pengaruh kemiskinan, pertumbuhan penduduk, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2015 – 2023

This research focuses on Population Growth, Human Development Index Level and Poverty Level in Economic Growth in East Java Province. Proper human development will enable the maximization of production factors, so HDI is considered to play an important role in contemporary economic development planning. The research method used, namely a certain type of quantitative research, was used in this research. Meanwhile, the methodology used in this research is a quantitative descriptive approach for research that tries to describe or characterize numbers that have been processed according to certain standards—not a qualitative descriptive methodology. The location of this research was carried out in East Java Province, whose capital is the city of Surabaya through the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Java Province, while at that time the research was carried out in the XIV semester of 2023. The data collection methods used in this research were documentation and field studies. Regression analysis using panel data and the Eviews 9 program is the analysis method used in this research. The research results in this study are that the Poverty variable only has a negative and significant effect on HDI, which means that if the amount of poverty increases, the HDI value will also decrease, while for the variables Economic Growth Rate and Population Growth both have a significant positive effect on HDI, meaning that if As economic and population growth rates increase, the HDI value will also increase.

Exploring the association between multidimensional poverty and antenatal care utilization in two provinces of Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough global poverty rates have declined in the last decade, the fall in the Asia-Pacific region has been slow relative to the rest of the world. Poverty continues to be a major cause of poor maternal and newborn health, and a barrier to accessing timely antenatal care. Papua New Guinea has one of the highest poverty rates and some of the worst maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Asia-Pacific region. Few studies have investigated equity in antenatal care utilization in this setting. We explored equity in antenatal care utilization and the determinants of service utilization, which include a measure of multidimensional poverty in Papua New Guinea.MethodsTo explore the association between poverty and antenatal care utilization this study uses data from a ten-cluster randomized controlled trial. The poverty headcount, average poverty gap, adjusted poverty headcount, and multidimensional poverty index of antenatal clinic attendees are derived using the Alkire-Foster method. The distribution of service utilization is explored using the multidimensional poverty index, followed by multivariate regression analyses to evaluate the determinants of service utilization.ResultsThe poverty headcount was 61.06%, the average poverty gap 47.71%, the adjusted poverty headcount 29.13% and the average multidimensional poverty index was 0.363. Further, antenatal care utilization was regressive with respect to poverty. The regression analyses indicated that older women; being a widow (small number of widows (n = 3) asserts interpreting result with caution); or formally employed increase the likelihood of accessing antenatal care more often in pregnancy. Travelling for over an hour to receive care was negatively associated with utilization.ConclusionThis study indicated high levels of multidimensional poverty in PNG and that ANC utilization was regressive; highlighting the need to encourage pregnant women, especially those who are economically more vulnerable to visit clinics regularly throughout pregnancy.

Factors Influencing Education Development in West Pokot County, Kenya

The Pokot community is conservative and has resisted change in its culture from any quarter, including government policies, which have had little impact in the region since the colonial period to date. This situation has militated against school enrolment witnessed in many schools of the County and reluctance to use modern technologies in farming and SME activities. Political power has lacked recognition among the Pokots and, consequently, has had no impact on the region's social, economic, and technological developments. The purpose of this study was to establish factors influencing education development among the Pokot people of West Pokot County. The research was guided by four objectives, which included: To determine the influence of schooling on education development in West Pokot County, Kenya To investigate the influence of religion on education development in West Pokot County, Kenya To examine the influence of population explosion on education development in West Pokot County, Kenya, and To assess the influence of devolved government on education development in West Pokot County, Kenya This study was guided by the Human Capital Theory propounded by Theodore W. Schultz in 1960, who believed education and training enable the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities, which increase human value. The target population was 200,000, which is the number of people in active life who are creating wealth for their families in West Pokot County. A sample of 400 respondents was used to provide data, 100 from each constituency, namely: Kapenguria, North Pokot, South Pokot and Central Pokot. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. Interview schedules were used to collect data, and the test-retest technique was used to test the validity and reliability of the instruments. Data collected was analyzed, and relationships between the independent and the dependent variables were established. The findings established that high levels of poverty were prevalent, and the bulk of the population was illiterate with no innovative or entrepreneurial skills. The study established that traditional education was designed to encompass control of livelihood in the region, making it difficult for new forms of education and ideas to be accepted. The study made four recommendations: The county government should expand social facilities such as schools and health units in the region The county government should abolish repugnant cultural practices The county government should provide credit facilities to the active population in the county for entrepreneurial activities, and The government and non-governmental organizations should make provision for training selected groups of the community population on micro, small and medium-sized enterprises to boost wealth creation for education development

The Feminisation of Poverty in European Union Countries—Myth or Reality?

The feminisation of poverty is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon related to gender inequality in various aspects of life. Women are disproportionately affected by the gender pay gap, unequal intra-household resource distribution, unpaid domestic work, caregiving responsibilities, single motherhood, employment or educational barriers, violence, gender discrimination, and period poverty. Combating poverty and inequality are among the main goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 25 September 2015, and their great importance is further highlighted in the preamble of the resolution outlining the plan to transform our world by 2030. This study uses SDG indicators from the Eurostat database to assess the feminisation of poverty in the EU-27 member states in 2020 based on selected diagnostic characteristics mainly related to SDG 1 and SDG 5; they are also related to other goals due to the cross-cutting nature of the topic. The characteristics were transformed to reflect gender gaps and afterwards unitised with a veto threshold indicating gender balance. These were then used to calculate a synthetic taxonomic measure, allowing for linear ordering and classification of countries based on the feminisation of poverty levels. The study confirmed significant feminisation of poverty in the EU-27, with a few aspects showing masculinisation. High feminisation of poverty was observed in both emerging and advanced economies.

Dampak Pembangunan Gender terhadap Kemiskinan di Kota-Kota Besar di Indonesia Tahun 2017-2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of women's participation in parliament, the women's gender development index, women's per capita income and women's life expectancy on women's poverty levels in big cities in Indonesia for the 2017-2022 period. This research is quantitative research using the panel data regression method with the best model, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the simultaneous significant test show that in 2017-2022 the variables Women's Participation, Women's Gender Development Index, Women's Per Capita Income and Women's Life Expectancy have a simultaneous effect on Women's Poverty Levels in big cities in Indonesia in 2017-2022. The results of the partial significance test show that the variable Women's Life Expectancy has a negative and significant effect on women's poverty in 2017-2022. Meanwhile, the variables Women's Participation, Women's Gender Development Index, and Women's Per Capita Income do not have a significant effect on women's poverty in 2017-2022.

Multifaceted contribution of environmental pollution, race and income to health inequities in Texas

Abstract Prior studies found links between ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and proximity to toxic environmental contaminants harmful to human health. However, there is no consensus among environmental economists on whether ethnicity or economics are the primary causes of health inequity under the influence of environmental hazard exposure. This paper explores this research question in Texas, the second largest US state, and the most diverse demographically, using a comprehensive framework with twelve main factors as key determinants for environmental-related health outcomes. The matrix of associations among factors of environmental pollution, economic class, race/ethnicity, and state of health is very complicated by multiple inter-correlations among components. To differentiate the relative importance of various factors, twelve statistically large population cohorts were compared, based on four racial/ethnic groups, each with three different levels of poverty. This novel approach allows for more meaningful comparisons, by normalizing groups for ethnicity and prevalence of poverty, two of the most influential socioeconomic factors. Compared to majority-White communities, majority-Hispanic and -Black communities were found to be more disproportionally negatively impacted by environmental pollution and socioeconomic challenges. This resulted in worse health outcomes: higher prevalence of chronic diseases and a shortened life span. The prevalence of poverty appears to play a dominant role in health outcomes across all racial/ethnic groups. Consistent with prior research, the Hispanic community has shown a strong positive correlation with the prevalence of diabetes, while the Black community has a high prevalence of asthma.

Unemployment Challenges in the Republic of Moldova: Analysis of Trends and Countermeasures

Unemployment is a global phenomenon, which includes a profound economic and social imbalance, especially in transition economies such as the Republic of Moldova. This paper proposes to explore the complex effects of unemployment on social, psychological and economic life, highlighting both passive measures (unemployment benefits) and active ones (job creation, vocational training programs). It argues that an effective strategy to combat unemployment must combine financial support with active interventions to facilitate rapid reintegration into the labor market and improve the prospects of the unemployed. This analysis is supported by data provided by the National Agency for Employment, in line with international methodologies, highlighting the impact of long-term unemployment on poverty levels and employment prospects in the Republic of Moldova.

Mitigating health disparities by improving access to catheter-based therapies for vulnerable patients with acute pulmonary embolism

IntroductionThis study explores the implementation and outcomes of catheter-based thrombectomy (CBT) for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) within a safety-net hospital (SNH), addressing a critical gap in the literature concerning CBT in underserved and vulnerable populations. MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients undergoing CBT between October 2020 and January 2024 at a SNH. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. ResultsA total of 107 patients (47.6 % female, mean age 58.4 years) underwent CBT for acute PE, with 23 (21.5 %) high-risk and 84 (78.5 %) intermediate-risk PE. Demographically, 64 % identified as Black, 10 % White, 19 % Hispanic or Latino, and 5 % Asian. In terms of insurance coverage, 50 % had private insurance or Medicare, 36 % had Medicaid, and 14 % were uninsured. Notably, 67 % of the patients resided in high poverty rate zip codes and 11 % were non-citizen non-residents. Over a median follow up period of 30 days, 6 (5.6 %) patients expired (all high-risk PE), 3 of whom presented with cardiac arrest. No patients who presented with intermediate-risk PE died at 30 days. There was no difference in 30-day mortality based on race, insurance type, poverty level or citizenship status. ConclusionOur study findings reveal no disparities in access or outcomes to CBT at our SNH, emphasizing the feasibility and success of implementing PERT and CBT at a SNH, offering a potential model to address healthcare disparities in acute PE on a broader scale.

Sociodemographic Factors Influencing Access to Chimeric Antigen T-Cell Receptor Therapy for Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies are available for patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL); however, their use has been limited in accessibility due to nondisease factors. Patients & MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study evaluating the influence of sociodemographic factors on access and outcomes after CAR-T therapy for adult patients with B-cell NHL in our institution treated between 2016 and 2023. ResultsAmong 154 patients treated with CAR-T, 43% were older than 65 years, 68% male, and 14% non-White (including Hispanic). Of those under 65, 66% had private insurance, while 82% over 65 had Medicare. Most patients (85%) were from in-state, 29% from areas below the national poverty level and 18% from nonmetropolitan areas. Distance to the treatment center was greater than 30, 60 or 120 miles for 52%, 40% and 29% of patients, respectively. No significant differences were found in the use of commercial versus investigational products among racial/ethnic minorities or those living >60 miles from the center. However, patients from nonmetropolitan areas and those below the national poverty level were less likely to receive commercial products. With a median follow-up of 11 months, the 1-year overall survival (OS) was 63.2% (95th CI 59.9%-66.8%). Poverty was associated with lower 1-year OS (HR 0.4, 95th CI 0.17-0.90, P = .031). ConclusionOur study shows that CAR-T therapy can be delivered across sociodemographic barriers and underscores the importance of considering social determinants of health to optimize access for all patients.

The Politics of Social Policy Implementation: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Uneven Development in India

Since the onset of the twenty-first century, India has initiated various social welfare programs to provide social protection for the people who have been marginalized from the formal social safety net. Since 2005, legislation has granted a series of social rights to marginalized rural households. Among these rights-based welfare programs, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) stands out as the flagship initiative of India’s new welfare system. It has targeted marginalized informal rural households, who have not enjoyed the fruits of the social safety net, by formally granting them the right to employment. It has also incorporated new governance ideas such as a demand-driven approach, decentralized implementation, and social audit to increase accountability and transparency. The MGNREGA has emerged as the largest social welfare scheme in terms of budget allocation and coverage, yielding positive outcomes such as increased beneficiary incomes, advancement of gender equality, and creation of assets in rural areas. Nonetheless, despite the expansion of the MGNREGA all over India, policy outcomes have been uneven between the states in terms of participation rates, the relationship between poverty level and participation, and cumulative average person-days per household. This prompts the question: why does the MGNREGA produce superior policy outcomes in certain states but not in others? By delving into the politics surrounding policy implementation at the local level, this paper argues that the degree of goal congruence between policy implementers shapes divergent policy outcomes.

Financial Literacy and Sustainable Entrepreneurial Competitiveness: North Meruya Community Service Implementation

This community service aims to help the Financial Literacy Assistance Program to Create Entrepreneurial Competitiveness for Beginners and gain benefits from their presence in the family environment in utilizing used goods (trash). Micro, small and medium enterprises are an important element in supporting the national economy as a whole. Micro businesses are the driving force of the economic system in Indonesia which can survive during an economic crisis. This type of business helps the government in creating jobs and reducing poverty levels, through micro businesses creating new work units that use new workers who can support household income so that they remain productive in unstable economic times. Continuing the previous program, in 2024 Community Service activities will again be carried out for MSMEs in the North Meruya sub-district environment. This learning activity is related to mentoring MSME activists in North Meruya (also known as Meruya Ilir). North Meruya Village is one of the sub-districts located in Kembangan sub-district, West Jakarta City, Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province, Indonesia. One way to assist MSMEs is to provide education on financial literacy

Policy spillovers from climate actions to energy poverty: international evidence

Policies to address climate change have been implemented worldwide in recent years. The core of these policies is to control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which primarily stem from the consumption of fossil fuels. Consequently, the implementation of climate policies can affect other energy-related issues, such as energy poverty, a critical element of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper uses cross-country data from 2000 to 2020 to study the possible policy spillovers from climate actions to energy poverty. We show that a spillover effect does exist. In other words, a higher number of climate policies is associated with a lower level of energy poverty. The spillover is realized through improvements in energy efficiency, the promotion of renewable energy, and support for innovations. In addition, legislative policies are found to have stronger spillover effects. While the overall policy effects are positive for executive policies, regulations tend to have negative impacts on energy development. There is also evidence demonstrating heterogeneous effects between long-term and short-term policies, and between developed and developing countries. Discovering this spillover effect gives extra motivation for countries to adopt climate policies and actively seek synergies in achieving broader sustainable goals.

Poverty Level of Coffee Farmers in Bengkulu Province Based on Local Coffee Farming Income

Poverty Level of Coffee Farmers in Bengkulu Province Based on Local Coffee Farming Income

Socioeconomic Inequities in Pap Test Use Among Black Women in the United States: An Intersectional Approach.

Research investigating racialized inequities in cervical cancer screening has rarely considered the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), a key social determinant of health that intersects with race/ethnicity and racism. Thus, data on socioeconomic inequities in Pap test use within racialized groups-including Black women, who are at elevated risk of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality-are limited. Using 2011-2019 data from the National Survey of Family Growth and guided by an intersectional framework, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between educational attainment, employment status, and income and the adjusted odds of Pap test use in the last 3years among Black U.S. women. Compared to Black women with a bachelor's degree or greater, those with less than a high school diploma ([odds ratio] = 0.45; [95% confidence interval] 0.31-0.67) and a high school diploma/GED (0.57; 0.40-0.81) had significantly lower odds of Pap test use, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Unemployed women had significantly lower adjusted odds of Pap test use compared to employed women (0.67; 0.50-0.89), and women living below 100% of the federal poverty level (FPL) had significantly lower adjusted odds of Pap test use relative to those living at or above 300% FPL (0.63; 0.45-0.88). Low-SEP Black women had significantly lower adjusted odds of Pap test use relative to their higher SEP counterparts. Interventions that address both racism and economic barriers to care are needed to facilitate access to regular cervical cancer screening among low-SEP Black women.

Assessing the environmental justice implications of decarbonizing the US electric grid: estimating changes in asthma exacerbation by race and income

Abstract This paper examines how air quality improvements due to the 100% decarbonization of the US power sector in 2040 can reduce asthma exacerbation among children disaggregated by poverty status, race, and geography. Using spatial datasets that differentiate asthma prevalence by income, race, and state, we find that children living in households with income below the poverty line receive a disproportionate share of the benefits. To obtain these results, we employ several different federally administered datasets: American Community Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and Poverty Thresholds as provided by the US Census. We find that Black children and poor children, on average, have higher reductions in exposure to PM2.5. Nationally, close to 235 372 asthma exacerbation cases will be averted in 2040 under the decarbonization policy compared with Business-as-Usual. States with significant gains in asthma cases averted per 100 000 are Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin. Furthermore, since the asthma portion of the BRFSS is not conducted in South Carolina, Colorado, Arkansas, and South Dakota, these states were omitted from the analysis. Across all states with significant gains, children living below the poverty line have larger health benefits than children above the poverty line. Households with child poverty have 50% larger reductions in asthma exacerbations than households without childhood poverty. Black children below the poverty line experience 33% higher health gains compared to Black children per 100 000 above the poverty line, 50% higher health gains compared to White children below the poverty line, and 159% higher than White children above the poverty line. We also provide general methodological insights for quantifying the environmental justice impacts of regulatory policies. We demonstrate why using race and poverty status-based prevalence rates is critical for understanding the distribution of health improvements and evaluating whether policies contribute to environmental justice goals.