SALMONELLOSIS of poultry is caused by a large number of serotypes of the genus Salmonella, a few of which may be specific for birds. Recently several outbreaks of suspected salmonellosis were reported in chicks on farms in Bombay. The disease, which was characterized by enteritis, resulted in considerable mortality. A gram-negative, motile, non-lactose fermenting bacillus was isolated from the spleen and liver of the dead birds. Biochemical reactions were typical of the genus Salmonella, but no agglutination occurred in the usual polyvalent antiserum. It was typed by the Salmonella Reference Laboratory, London, as Salmonella alachua (antigenic formula XXXV:Z4Z23). This organism had not been previously reported from animals or humans. The only other isolation was made from soil in a pig pen during a survey of salmonellosis in swine (Lowery, Smith, Galton and Edwards, 1953). So far as is known no studies of its possible etiological significance were made.The present …