Integrative computational and experimental approaches to Hydnocarpus wightianus phytochemicals: Targeting breast Cancer through systems biology, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vitro validation in MDA-MB-231 cells.

• A complete, 6DoF, reduced fidelity, numerical model that couples irregular wave excitation with time-dependent, dynamic wind loads is developed and validated to simulate vessel behaviour in stern-quartering seas. • Wind gusts are shown to excite yaw resonance and increase rudder activity required for course-keeping, particularly under stern-quartering wind-wave conditions. • It was seen that when combined with an appropriate speed controller, wind in following seas can reduce power consumption. • A CFD-based correction approach is introduced to account for ship-induced flow distortions around onboard wind sensors. • Empirical Mode Decomposition is implemented to investigate the non-stationary dynamic response time series, which was able to isolate wind-driven, high-frequency oscillations and revealed wind as a second-dominant contributor alongside wave excitations. This study presents a numerical investigation into ship dynamics in stern-quartering seas, emphasising the coupled effects of astern wind and wave disturbances. A modular 6DOF manoeuvring model is implemented with dynamic wind loads derived from the Kaimal turbulence spectrum and wave forces derived from linear potential theory. A rudder-based autopilot provides course-keeping, and an RPM controller regulates propeller thrust. The framework is validated against full-scale measurements, showing close agreement in vessel motions and wind behaviour. Results show that wind loads can influence hydrodynamic responses, particularly amplifying yaw resonance and increasing rudder deflections for effective course-keeping in stern-quartering seas. For the studied cases, including wind reduced delivered power, and applying the RPM controller produced additional reductions in required power (combined effect up to 10%). Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) analyses of non-stationary time series data further revealed that wind effects can emerge as a significant contribution alongside wave excitations, influencing the vessel’s oscillatory behaviour in yaw and rudder responses. A linear stability assessment with varying wind speeds and autopilot gains further quantifies the directional stability margins. Finally, addressing the uncertainty with wind measurements due to the vessel’s superstructure, a CFD-based correction is proposed to improve the accuracy of wind force calculations and power predictions.

Latent variation in pathogen strain-specific effects under multiple-versions-of-treatment theory

The control of molecular self-assembly on surfaces via specific noncovalent interactions is a key challenge in nanoscience. Using density functional theory (DFT) at the r SCAN-3c level, we investigate the intermolecular forces within dimers of Br-Hexahelicene (Br[6]H) adsorbed on Au(111). Through wavefunction analysis usingInteraction Region Indicator (IRI), electrostatic potential (ESP), and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), we characterize the nature of the halogen contacts. Our results show that the stabilization of the homo-chiral dimers is driven by a distinct CBr···HC halogen-hydrogen bond. Conversely, the Br···Br contact is identified as a weak, nondirectional van der Waals interaction with negligible bonding character. This work clarifies the hierarchy of interactions in these surface-confined systems and highlights the CBr···HC bond as a specific design element for guided supramolecular assembly.

This paper establishes a comprehensive theory for the behavior of the generalized box, Hausdorff, and packing dimensions under composition of continuous functions. We develop two complementary approaches: a measure-theoretic framework based on energy integrals and potential theory for analyzing the generalized Hausdorff and packing dimensions, and a covering-based approach for the generalized box dimensions. Our main results characterize how generalized fractal dimensions of graphs of functions transform under composition with Lipschitz and bi-Lipschitz functions. For outer function variation, it has been shown that composition with Lipschitz functions does not increase dimensions, while bi-Lipschitz functions preserve dimensions exactly. For inner function variation, distinct results for different types of dimensions have been established. For the generalized box dimensions, Lipschitz inner functions yield dimensional variance, while bi-Lipschitz inner functions ensure invariance. For the generalized Hausdorff and packing dimensions, bi-Lipschitz inner functions are required for dimensional invariance. Applications include dimensional invariance for compositions with elementary functions such as power functions, roots, reciprocals, exponentials, and logarithms. Explicit examples of generalized fractal dimensions satisfying our framework have also been provided. Furthermore, we study the effect of the Hölder and counter-Hölder continuity on the generalized lower box dimension of graphs of functions, establishing an exact value [Formula: see text] for functions that are simultaneously [Formula: see text]-order Hölder and counter-Hölder continuous.

As important building blocks of integrated optoelectronic chips, most multilayer and bulk 2D layered semiconductors undertake out-of-plane inversion symmetry, which limits their multifunctional applications. Here, we propose a facile interfacial engineering means of breaking such inversion symmetry by built-in electric fields across the semiconductor-metal van der Waals heterointerface. Broken inversion symmetry of 2H WS2 layers has been experimentally confirmed by strong second harmonic generation (SHG) in fabricated bulk WS2/Au heterostructures. Through correlated SHG, atomic force, and surface potential mapping measurements and density function theory simulation (DFT), we unambiguously confirm the proposed physical mechanism. These results provide more possibilities of utilizing a 2D semiconductor/metal heterostructure to construct multifunctional integrated optoelectronic chips.

ABSTRACT We develop a rigorous framework for Gaer fractional directional calculus , providing a complex‐analytic extension of classical differentiation and integration along arbitrary directions in . Starting from Gaer's contour representation of integer‐order directional derivatives, we construct a fractional operator that extends differentiation to complex order while preserving analyticity, decay properties, and geometric invariance. The resulting operator forms an analytic family with respect to the order parameter and unifies several classical fractional constructions, including the Gaer, Weyl, and Riesz formulations, within a common analytic framework. Building on this structure, we derive a fractional extension of Maxwell's multipole expansion . By analytically continuing the differentiation order from integer to complex , we obtain a generalized Maxwell–Legendre formula in which the Legendre polynomials are replaced by Legendre functions of complex degree. Applied to the Newtonian potential, this construction produces a continuous family of fractional multipole potentials that interpolates smoothly between the classical monopole, dipole, quadrupole, and higher multipole fields. The resulting theory establishes a natural analytic bridge between fractional calculus, harmonic analysis, and potential theory, and provides new tools for the study of nonlocal field models and fractional generalizations of classical electrodynamics.

This study investigated wave scattering by a slotted, arc-shaped breakwater (SAB) consisting of an array of closely spaced piles, considering energy dissipation arising from the formation of vortices between adjacent piles. The far-field solution, valid in the region away from the SAB, is derived using a matched eigenfunction expansion method based on potential theory, where the boundary-value problem includes a porous boundary condition that incorporates energy dissipation determined by the near-field solution. The near-field solution is obtained by resolving two-dimensional viscous channel flow with varying pile cross sections (circle, rectangle, and diamond) using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software StarCCM+. Through systematic simulations, the empirical formula of the drag coefficient is established as a function of pile geometry and porosity. Numerical results reveal that the diamond shape among them causes more energy dissipation due to the formation of stronger vortices. By incorporating the near-field CFD-derived dissipation, including turbulent eddies, into the far-field solution, the present model effectively predicts wave deformation around the slotted, arc-shaped breakwater and identifies an optimal porosity of 0.05, achieving both effective wave attenuation and reduction of wave force. This approach of integrating potential and viscous theories by leveraging the inherent strengths of both provides an efficient design tool for assessing the hydrodynamic performance of slotted, arc-shaped breakwater configurations with varied pile geometries and porosities, enabling optimized wave-attenuation performance.

Towards safe operation for fuel cell vehicle: A novel energy management strategy based on the safety potential field theory

Abstract This paper proposes a method for locating small multi-layer inclusions, addressing the challenge of accurately identifying the position and properties of such inclusions within layered materials. The difficulty lies in the complex nature of multi-layered structures, where traditional methods often fail to provide precise results. A mathematical model for multiple-layered inclusions is developed using the Laplace system to tackle this. The solution is then derived through asymptotic analysis and layer-potential techniques. The uniqueness of the recovery process is confirmed by applying the unique continuation theorem, ensuring the method’s reliability for precise identification of small inclusions in layered media.

Dynamics and regulation pathways of microbial carbon sequestration in river sediments: A non-equilibrium statistical mechanics perspective.

Suppressing lattice thermal conductivity is essential for high‐performance thermoelectric materials. Here, first‐principles calculations combined with the linearized Boltzmann transport equation and deformation potential theory were used to investigate the thermal transport and thermoelectric behavior of X 2 Se 2 S (X = Bi, As, and Sb). A counterintuitive mass‐dependent trend was identified: despite being the lightest compound, As 2 Se 2 S exhibits the lowest lattice thermal conductivity, reaching 0.443 W m −1 K −1 at 300 K. This behavior can be understood within the complete Slack framework, in which lattice anharmonicity dominates over atomic mass in determining heat transport. Phonon dispersion and anharmonic force‐constant analyses show that strong acoustic‐optical coupling and abundant low‐frequency optical modes in As 2 Se 2 S enhance phonon scattering, whereas Bi 2 Se 2 S retains a clear acoustic‐optical gap and correspondingly higher thermal conductivity. Owing to its ductile mechanical response and favorable electronic structure, p‐type As 2 Se 2 S achieves a maximum ZT of 0.503 at 850 K, while Sb 2 Se 2 S shows promise for n‐type transport. These results clarify the role of anharmonicity in X 2 Se 2 S compounds and highlight their potential for low‐cost medium‐temperature thermoelectric applications.

Electrochemical applications, ranging from energy storage to electrocatalysis and separations, involve ions in heterogeneous environments such as electrode/electrolyte interfaces, material interphases, and confined spaces. These environments influence ion thermodynamics through their effect on chemical potentials and, consequently, on the driving forces relevant to ion transport and electrochemical processes. In addition, features in bulk electrolytes, such as different ion sizes and valence asymmetries, act as intrinsic heterogeneities in an otherwise homogeneous solution. Approaches for modeling ion chemical potentials are based either on statistical mechanics or phenomenological models for bulk solutions, where ion chemical potentials are treated as functions of local ion concentrations and mean-field electrostatics. As a result, heterogeneities that modify ion solvation energies and ion-ion correlations are often treated approximately or phenomenologically. In this work, we develop a statistical mechanical theory of ion chemical potentials formulated for heterogeneous electrolytes that explicitly accounts for ion sizes, short-range interactions, ion-ion correlations, and electrostatic solvation energies. To derive closure relations for the ion pair correlation functions, we introduce a perturbation scheme based on the ratio between the Bjerrum and Debye lengths. This approach enables the formulation of symmetrized pair correlation functions that account for steric effects and ion-ion correlations through the formalism of ion fluctuation potentials. We demonstrate the theory using the primitive model for a valence-asymmetric electrolyte with equal-sized ions in bulk electrolyte systems as controlled benchmark cases. For symmetric electrolytes, we recover the extended Debye-Hückel result, while valence asymmetries modify ion solvation. We close with a discussion of our work in the context of existing electrolyte theories.

Brain imaging techniques, with high temporal and spatial resolution, have multiple advantages in monitoring brain activities, so that significant empirical advancements have been documented in the research on humor processing. In addition, CiteSpace has been employed in a number of fields to identify hotspots and emerging trends in scientific literature. In order to update Author and Wang’s (2017) findings, this review conducted an in-depth scientometric analysis of 417 bibliographic records between 2017 and 2022 to demonstrate the bibliographic landscape related closely to the study of humor processing, and to investigate whether new emerging trends have emerged or stabilized between 2017 and 2022. The results showed that there were ten clusters, including theory of mind, gender, humor appreciation, alpha power, intelligence, event-related potential, coronavirus humor, creativity, fMRI, and schizophrenia. Additionally, the results revealed the following four emerging trends: neural basis of humor processing, brain imaging techniques employed in humor processing study, influencing factors of humor processing and humor appreciation. Accordingly, the visualization of humor processing study based on CiteSpace reveals emerging trends and thus providing directions for related research on humor.

Abstract What do the populations of small and medium powers think about their countries' relations with China and the United States, and how might their attitudes matter for foreign policy change? In this article, we propose a theory of public opinion potential (POP), conceptualized as the extent to which public preferences create conditions for change in foreign policy. Drawing on survey data from 9,451 respondents in 30 countries across Africa, the Americas, eastern Europe, south-east Asia and the Middle East, we analyse how people perceive their country's current and desired relations with the two world powers. We measure two dimensions of POP: the preference gap (the difference between perceived and desired relations) and the preference variation (the ‘spread’ of opinions). Together, these capture the structure of public opinion, which may enable or constrain foreign policy change. We develop a typology with four ideal types of POP and illustrate their implications through the cases of Haiti, Georgia, Brazil and Venezuela. The article contributes to understanding how the structure, rather than just the direction, of public opinion can shape the foreign policy of small and medium powers in the context of the evolving US–China competition.

Abstract We study the inverse problem for singular, irreducible, symmetric M -matrices that consists in characterizing those for which the group inverse is again an M -matrix. We solve the problem for a structured class of such matrices arising from star graphs by employing both matrix-theoretic tools and potential theory on networks. Our approach yields explicit criteria for the M -property of the group inverse in terms of conductances and Doob potentials, and provides a constructive procedure to obtain such families of matrices with the desired property.

SOFC-powered marine DC microgrids offer a promising path for maritime decarbonization but face large-signal instability risks due to low system inertia and slow fuel cell dynamics during abrupt load changes. Traditional small-signal methods fail to predict stability under such large disturbances. This paper overcomes this limitation by introducing a mixed potential theory-based stability analysis framework, tailored for SOFC-battery hybrid shipboard systems. We derive explicit analytical criteria that directly link controller parameters to large-signal stability boundaries, enabling prior robustness assessment without local linearization. Simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments confirm the criterion’s accuracy in predicting instability thresholds under severe transients and provide actionable insights for co-designing SOFC operating limits, storage sizing, and controller gains. This work delivers both a novel theoretical tool and practical guidance for stable, high-performance operation of next-generation SOFC-based marine power systems.

Abstract A simulation of the 10 May 2024 geomagnetic storm is used to investigate the theory of cross polar cap potential (CPCP) saturation in Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. THEMIS B (ARTEMIS P1) satellite magnetic field and plasma measurements at lunar distance upstream in the solar wind drives the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) in the Geospace configuration. Observations from GOES 16 along with select ground‐based magnetic field measurements confirm simulation predictions of a polar cap expansion to 60 MLAT, and the AMPERE‐derived integrated field aligned current strength (FAC) agree with simulation results with an of 0.74. Despite strong solar wind driving (Solar wind electric field >40 mV/m, Solar wind energy flux >50 TW), neither the SWMF nor the empirical models saturate the CPCP. Direct measurements of the cross‐polar potential from DMSP are inconclusive, due to rapid variations in the driving conditions compared with the DMSP integration time. Breakdown of the relationship between the solar wind and CPCP within SWMF reveals a linear relationship between injected energy flux and integrated field aligned current strength after storm sudden commencement , and a highly linear relationship between integrated field aligned currents and CPCP at all times . The CPCP does not saturate because of the tight coupling of actual energy input, FAC strength, and CPCP.

This study experimentally, numerically, and theoretically investigates the cavity/bubble dynamics and radiated acoustics during the water entry of a centimeter-scale cylindrical projectile with a conical nose. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory tank, employing synchronized high-speed imaging and hydrophone measurements to characterize the cavity closure modes and their resultant acoustic signatures across a range of Froude numbers. The acoustic signal features a weak radiated signal upon impact, followed by significant pressure oscillations spanning more than 20 cycles in the flow field after cavity elongation and pinch-off. A numerical model based on the Finite Volume Method successfully captures these physical processes. Subsequently, a semi-theoretical model that incorporates the projectile's boundary effect is developed from potential flow theory. The model not only yields a dominant cavity oscillation frequency that agrees well with experimental data, but also reveals that the boundary effect leads to a cavity oscillation frequency markedly higher than the Minnaert frequency of an equivalent-volume ellipsoidal bubble containing an internal rigid core. The dominant cavity frequency falls nearly linearly with Fr, governed by nose geometry and projectile inertia. This study clarifies the underlying physics connecting cavity dynamics during water entry to underwater acoustic radiation.

With the growing development of autonomous underwater vehicles technology, research on conducting long-term underwater mission is gaining popularity. To address the urgent need for timely and efficient charging of autonomous underwater vehicles, a hybrid-energy powered mobile platform is proposed for autonomous underwater vehicles charging under deep-sea environments. The mobile platform integrates two vertical-axis wind turbines, solar panels, and a small waterplane area twin-hull ship, offering a self-sustained power supply system. First, the platform's static stability and large angle stability is checked through Maxsurf Stability. Afterwards, the 6-DOF RAOs and short-term response of the integrated system is verified through a frequency-domain hydrodynamic analysis based on potential flow theory. An aerodynamic simulation of applied wind turbine is conducted. The analysis results demonstrate that through optimizing the hull design, including shape, dimensions, and the implement of the vertical-axis wind turbines and solar panels, the integrated system achieves good stability. The preliminary conceptual design in this paper provides an alternative choice for the charging of autonomous underwater vehicles especially under deep-sea environment.