Potential In Nigeria Research Articles

Bioenergy potential in Nigeria, how to advance knowledge and deployment to enable SDG 7

AbstractBiomass is currently the main energy source in Nigeria, but it is being used and managed unsustainably, resulting in significant health and environmental risks. To support Nigeria's transition to an affordable, reliable, and low‐emission future, there is a need to shift from traditional biomass use to modern bioenergy applications. The research reviews the existing knowledge on themes relevant to developing sustainable modern bioenergy for Nigeria in the context of agri‐residues. It synthesizes the key findings on the themes from 161 scientific literature published between 2010 and 2021 on Nigeria and Sub‐Saharan Africa. The findings show that most literature focused on agri‐residues potentially available in large amounts but highly disaggregated, such as cassava and palm residues. Furthermore, the literature highlighted the importance of understanding agri‐residue aggregation, technological, economic, socio‐economic, governance framework of bioenergy, and the interactions with other sectors to unlock the full potential of modern bioenergy. While research acknowledged that bioenergy could enhance energy security, economic growth, and social co‐benefits, there has been less focus on the benefits of novel bioenergy solutions co‐created by relevant stakeholder groups in Nigeria. Involving relevant stakeholders in developing novel bioenergy solutions would address the missing link between resource assessment, appropriate technology deployment, and end‐user demand. It would also enhance the analysis of the bioenergy market and nonmarket benefits and ensure that bioenergy solutions in Nigeria are aligned with community needs and foster inclusivity.This article is categorized under: Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy Policy and Economics > Governance and Regulation

Spatial modelling of present and future groundwater potentials in Nigeria; towards a sustainable water demand and supply

The development of water resources in Nigeria has not risen alongside population increase. Although groundwater is the available source of water at all locations in Nigeria, groundwater aquifer is becoming deeper due to increased groundwater harvest, especially in urban areas. There is a need for continuous groundwater modelling using geological, climatic, environmental data, and spatial tools especially under climate change and intense landcover conversions. The Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA) was adopted in this study to model the current groundwater potential in Nigeria. The multi-criteria analysis tool in ArcGIS was explored to overlay the nine factor maps to model historic and futuristic groundwater potentials. Our groundwater factor maps show an interesting pattern across Nigeria, the southern parts show more potential considering suitability factors like; surface water density, rainfall, temperature, soil, land cover and elevation in the region. Whereas the upland regions even with higher rainfall and lower temperatures suitable for groundwater recharge, are disadvantaged by geomorphological factors. Northern part of Nigeria shows high potentials, considering the geology, soil, lineament density and slope, but disadvantaged by other factors like lower rainfall and higher temperatures. This informed the final groundwater potential maps; results for the historic potential revealed that, no location in Nigeria has optimal (9–10), very poor or no (1–2) groundwater potential. The results further revealed that areas with higher groundwater potentials are largely within the corridors of major rivers in Nigeria (Niger and Benue), covering about 17.6% of the Nigerian landmass, while 2.6%, 33.7, 44% and 2.2% are occupy areas with very low, low, moderate and very high groundwater potentials respectively. Further analysis highlighs locations of concern due to climatic and environmental changes. Interestingly, our groundwater projection results show a persistent increase in groundwater potential from 2021 to 2100 if current landuses and environmental factors are maintained, and if the projected increase in rainfall is true. Despite these groundwater potentials, the recent issues of shallow aquifers have been cautioned by scientists, especially due to groundwater uncertainties in Nigeria especially with intense landcover conversions, combined with accelerated water demands due to increase in population, and incessant groundwater extractions. Therefore, there is a need to seek caution in the pattern of unregulated and incessant groundwater harvest in Nigeria and we recommend frequent updates of the groundwater potential using geospatial tools to inform governing policies on a centralised consolidated sustainable water supply in Nigeria.

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Youth Engagement in Agriculture: Lessons from Global Practices and Prospects for Nigeria

The demand for sustainable farming techniques is growing as the world's population rises. In light of this requirement, enlisting young people in agriculture becomes an essential tactic for guaranteeing food security, economic growth, and rural rejuvenation. Using artificial intelligence (AI) offers a viable way to empower and draw young people to the agriculture industry. This study explores the possibilities for Nigeria while providing a summary of international approaches to using AI to encourage youth involvement in agriculture. By utilizing AI technologies like machine learning, remote sensing, and data analytics, youth can access valuable insights, optimize resource utilization, and mitigate risks associated with agricultural production. In conclusion, this paper emphasizes how AI might inspire young people to pursue careers in agriculture and emphasizes the necessity of developing methods specifically designed to maximize AI's potential in Nigeria. Nigeria can set the stage for a sustainable and inclusive agricultural future by encouraging stakeholder engagement, investing in digital infrastructure, and advancing creative policies. This would enable the country's young to spearhead agricultural transformation and economic success.

Electrification through Renewable Energy in Nigeria an Exploration of Viable Technology Options Beyond Solar PV

Nigeria has an electrification rate of 54%, with many of those who are connected to the grid experience severe power outages. The Energy Commission of Nigeria intends to address this challenge with the use of renewable technologies. This paper explores the viability of solar PV, biofuel, wind, and small-scale hydro as renewable energy options for electrifying Nigeria. I find that solar PV, biofuel and small-scale hydro show exciting potential in Nigeria, while wind energy has much less potential due to low wind speeds in the country. Ultimately, renewable technologies need to be considered based on the community in question, instead of attempts at a one-size-fits-all approach to electrifying every community in the country. However, hybrid systems combining various renewable technologies might just be the ideal solution to electrifying rural communities and getting the electrification rate in Nigeria to a hundred percent.

Unlocking Nigeria's Potential: Strategies for Emerging as a Global Economic Powerhouse by 2050.

Unlocking Nigeria's Potential: Strategies for Emerging as a Global Economic Powerhouse by 2050.

Evaluation of the performance of five distribution functions for estimating Weibull parameters for wind energy potential in Nigeria

Wind energy is one of the most sought after worldwide among renewable energy sources. In order to determine the wind potential of a particular site, the wind speed has to be characterized and the Weibull parameters accurately determined. Characterization of wind speed in terms of Weibull parameters for wind energy potential in Nigeria is scarce. Several methods of determining Weibull parameters exist in literature. In this study, five numerical methods, Weibull-two (W), Mixture Weibull (MW), Gamma (G), lognormal (LN) and normal (N), were used to analyse wind speed data from twelve stations measured at 10 m height in order to determine the best method for estimating Weibull parameters for each station and region. The methods were compared and their accuracies were determined by three goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests namely Maximum error of Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S), root mean square error (RMSE) and Chi square (χ2). The performances of the methods were ranked on a scale of 1–5 and the results revealed that the MW was ranked the best in all the stations by two of the GOFs tests. It was closely followed by LN. The Weibull and Gamma methods performed poorly. Thus the MW is selected as the best method for determining Weibull parameters accurately and hence wind energy potential for Nigeria.

Carbon-neutral aviation in Nigeria: Assessing the feasibility and impacts of sustainable aviation fuel adoption

This study investigates the feasibility and potential impacts of transitioning Nigeria's aviation industry towards carbon-neutral operations through the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). By examining Nigeria's aviation landscape, international efforts for carbon-neutral aviation, and factors such as feedstock availability, infrastructure, and economic considerations, the paper assesses the viability of SAF adoption. Environmental and economic benefits, including reduced carbon emissions, improved air quality, job creation, and economic diversification, are explored. Challenges such as regulatory hurdles, investment requirements, and public awareness are analyzed, with recommendations provided for policy support, industry collaboration, research and development, and public education campaigns. Despite the absence of specific SAF adoption case studies in Nigeria, insights from international experiences inform the recommendations. The findings suggest Nigeria's potential to lead in SAF adoption regionally, contributing to environmental sustainability and economic growth in the aviation sector, while also offering broader implications for the global industry's transition towards a more sustainable future.

A Review on Waste to Electricity Potential in Nigeria

Inadequate supply of electricity in a country can be a major setback to the development of its economy. The subject of electricity generation, distribution and transmission has been a major issue in Nigeria and has been the center of previous research over the years due to the inadequacy of supply to the citizens of the nation. Owing to the carbon footprints left by conventional source of electricity generation, other sustainable options are being explored. Biogas been generated from municipal solid waste is a current trend in renewable energy. In this review, considering all the factors stated above, a MSW stream has been identified as a consistent source and also a widely accessible and available source that can be utilised for energy generation. In addition, it is an unwanted resource in the state, as such, will easily be accessible. Waste management practice in Nigeria seems to be unsustainable, as a result of the steady increase in the amount of waste generated on daily basis. Although, building a biogas plant could handle huge amount of waste and provide electricity to household, however, the greatest challenge to setup such facility could be in-terms of capital investment, as well as operating and maintenance cost. The best suited technology for application is anaerobic digestion of food waste, the reason for this is that most of the non-biodegradable materials are recycled by scavengers, and a consideration of the fact that Nigeria imports a greater percentage (80%) of its fertilizer from abroad, thus, application of this technology is enormous, as the by-product of the digestion process will serve as fertilizer which will be sold to farmers.

Effect of renewable energy development on sustainable development of small and medium enterprises potentials in Nigeria

The effect of renewable energy (RE) development on the sustainable development of SMEs' potential in Nigeria was empirically done to unlock the possibility of deciphering the perennial energy problem in Nigeria. The development of renewable energy (RE) resources and utilization can greatly benefit Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria by providing a reliable, sustainable and cost-effective power supply. This is especially important, as many sectors of Nigeria's economy, including SMEs, are highly dependent on the poor power supply that is currently available. Thus, this study specifically examines the effect of RE resources availability, generation, system efficiency and effectiveness, and utilization on SMEs’ sustainable development potential in Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted and a population of 73,081 SMEs across Nigeria was utilized with a sample of 398 SMEs selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. A validated questionnaire was administered to the owners/managers of the selected SMEs, information obtained from the questionnaire was collated, scrutinized, and analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the aid of SMART PLS 4 software through the structural model. The findings revealed that RE resources availability, generation, system efficiency and effectiveness, and utilization potentials of SMEs have a positive and significant effect on the potential development of SMEs in Nigeria. The study concluded that RE resources availability, generation, system efficiency and effectiveness, and utilization have significant influence on SMEs’ sustainable development potential in Nigeria. Thus, government, private sectors, and international development partners should focus on providing more resources, knowledge, and support to enable SMEs to access, generate and effectively use renewable energy resources more efficiently.

Analysis of Forest Waste Management and Recycling Potential in Nigeria

Forest wastes are renewable resources that can serve as sources of energy for heat and electricity generation. How these materials are managed in order to reduce their contribution to the release of greenhouse gases, reduce subsequent climate change challenges and their potential use in bio-energy production has remained a myth in Nigeria. In this paper, extensive review of the literature was carried out to arrive at the findings. More than 93% of all wood processing industries in Nigeria are sawmills. In addition to sawmills there are the plywood mills, furniture processing industries, and particleboard mills. Sawdust is the major waste generated from wood processing in the various processing units. Currently, the most popular waste management practice in Nigeria is burning. Dumping in open spaces, riverbanks, and water bodies is also obtainable. There is no record of wood waste recycling for bio-fuel production at the moment. Wood wastes are reused for agricultural production (mulching, manure) and as firewood. These actions contribute to the release of greenhouse gases and subsequently contribute to global warming. There are policies and agencies put in place to address this menace but implementation is a problem. An increase in proper waste management education and awareness, and aid from developed countries in terms of providing the technology needed for recycling and incineration, will go a long way in ensuring the safety (from climate change and consequences) of the local people, the environment, and the world at large.

Sustainable biogas production from waste in potential states in Nigeria – alternative source of energy

ABSTRACT Most states in Nigeria are faced with the challenge of ensuring a sustainable energy supply and safe waste management. Anaerobic digestion meets the requirements of sustainable alternative fuels and is also an environmental disposal method. Producing clean alternative biogas energy from waste is also one of the best ways to meet these challenges. This study uses a bottom-up resource-oriented approach to assess the biogas potential in Nigeria through the use of organic waste. The objective is to analyse the potential in utilising the available organic waste during anaerobic digestion. The analysis summarises several studies on this issue from 2001 to 2019, and their conclusions are highlighted and used to infer the importance of converting these organic wastes into biogas. The environmental impact of the process is so great that it must be taken into account. However, Nigeria does not have an appropriate and suitable source separation scheme and should invest in waste separation. Source separation or central separation, as the environmental impacts associated with waste management and biogas production, must be considered. The results show the considerable potential of biogas over the next three decades due to rising waste generation and proposed deployment of infrastructure for improving waste collection efficiency.

Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used for Treating Cough Associated with Respiratory Conditions in Ede South Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria

In many developing countries, community members depend on their local flora for treating diverse ailments including those affecting the respiratory system. This is often attributed to the high cost and limited access to health care facilities. This present study focused on the documentation of plant species used against cough associated with the respiratory diseases in Ede South Local Government Area of Osun State. The survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews among 100 participants. Information obtained was analyzed using different ethno-botanical indices including relative frequency of citation (RFC) and fidelity level (FL). A total of 87 plant species from 39 families, which was mostly represented by Fabaceae, were reported in the study area. Crinum jagus was the most popular plant used against cough and approximately 32% of the plants have been reported as cough remedies for the first time. However, some of the documented plants have been reported for the treatment of cough and related respiratory diseases in several countries. In terms of the life-form, trees constituted the highest proportion of the medicinal plants (37%), while leaves (36%) were the predominant plant part prescribed for cough. Decoction was the main method of preparing the plants, which were all administered orally. Approximately 63% of the plants were exclusively sourced from the wild. The current study revealed the richness and widespread use of plant species for managing cough associated with respiratory diseases in the study area. The generated inventory contributes to the expanding database of valuable plant resources with medicinal potential in Nigeria and Africa.

Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and carcass handlers

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in food animals, associated products, and their zoonotic potential in Nigeria are poorly understood. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence, genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and persons in contact with the carcasses at slaughterhouses in Nigeria. Surface swabs were collected randomly from 600 chicken and 600 pig carcasses. Nasal swabs were collected from 45 workers in chicken slaughterhouses and 45 pig slaughterhouse workers. S. aureus isolates were analyzed by spa typing. They were also examined for presence of the Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) and mecA genes, as well as for antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Overall, 53 S. aureus isolates were recovered (28 from chicken carcasses, 17 from pig carcasses, 5 from chicken carcass handlers and 3 from pig carcass handlers). Among the isolates, 19 (35.8%) were PVL-positive and 12 (22.6%) carried the mecA gene. The 53 isolates belonged to 19 spa types. The Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm separated the isolates into 2 spa-clonal complexes (spa-CC) and 9 singletons including 2 novel spa types (t18345 and t18346). The clonal complexes (CC) detected were CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC88 and CC152. CC15-related isolates represented by spa type t084 (32.1%) and CC5 represented by spa type t311 (35.3%) predominated among isolates from chicken carcasses/ handlers, and pig carcasses/ handlers, respectively. Multidrug resistance exhibited by all the CC except CC8, was observed among isolates from chicken carcasses (64.3%), pig carcasses (41.2%), handlers of chicken meat (40.0%) and handlers of pork (33.3%). All the CC showed varying degrees of resistance to tetracycline while CC15 and CC5 exhibited the highest resistance to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and erythromycin, respectively. The predominant antimicrobial resistance pattern observed was penicillin-tetracycline-sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (PEN-TET-SXT). In conclusion, food animals processed in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria are potential vehicles for transmission of PVL-positive multiple-drug resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus from farm to slaughterhouse and potentially to the human population. Public health intervention programs at pre- and post-slaughter stages should be considered in Nigerian slaughterhouses.

Bioenergy potential in Nigeria

The potential of waste agricultural, forest and waste material in Nigeria for energy generation was quantitatively estimated using Nigerian Government data. The current biomass capacity of Nigeria is over 200 billion kg of biomass per year. Wood fuel and charcoal account for over 80% of the energy that is consumed in households in Nigeria for cooking and heating. Wood fuel accounts for about 94% of traditional biomass that is utilized for household cooking in Nigeria. 46 million tonnes of wood fuel was used in 2014 for domestic cooking in the country. The nation’s total energy consumption in 2015 was 121 Mtoe. The analysis that was carried out in this work shows that Nigeria has the potential to generate about 62 Mtoe (2.6 billion GJ) of energy from its biomass resources (about 51% of the nation’s energy consumption in 2015). The largest resource by far is agricultural crop residues, much of which is currently burnt in the fields. The estimated bioenergy potential of Nigeria’s forest residue (8.7 Mtoe equivalent to 363 PJ) is 1.04 times greater than the energy consumed for transportation and four times greater than the nation’s electricity consumption in 2015. The costs of transportation energy (pump price of oil products) and electricity in Nigeria are still high despite the huge amount of biomass that is available in the country, from which clean and renewable fuels or energy can be produced. If the abundant bio-resources of Nigeria are harnessed to produce bioenergy, transportation fuels and electricity, then energy will become more affordable and more accessible by the general populace. The power sector of the country will also be stabilized, and electricity supplies provided for rural areas, where the agricultural waste biomass occurs.

Solar Water Heating Systems Potential in Nigeria- A Review

A review of solar water heating systems potential in Nigeria with their applications is presented. Thus, the paper presents an extensive study of the research carried out on the solar water heating system. In the present study, both experimental and theoretical developments in the field of solar water heater have been reviewed thoroughly. Extensive study has been conducted to further optimize the thermal efficiency of solar water heating. The paper provides a consolidated summary of the various types and components of solar water heating system that includes collector, storage tank and heat transfer fluid. Review of related past works done is included in this paper that shows different approaches from different researchers in order to improve the system efficiency. In addition to this, detailed findings and discussion on the limitations of existing research, research gap and recommended possible modifications is made.

A Review of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Potential in Nigeria

As a result of continued growth in demand for energy in Nigeria and the need to augment fossil fuel sources with renewable energy, this paper review research trends on Offshore and Onshore wind energy potentials in Nigeria, for possible power generation. Researches on development and design of small scale-wind turbine as well as their application for small-scale electrification were also discussed. This paper further examined the suitability of different geographical zones in Nigeria for offshore and onshore power generation, using results of prior researches and also stressed that Wind Energy Technology (WET) is widely underutilized in Nigeria. Several factors militating against this development were briefly highlighted and some suggestions were raised for future work within the realm of wind energy technology.

Hydrokinetic Energy Opportunity for Rural Electrification in Nigeria

This paper is part of the ongoing research by the Power, Energy, Machine and Drive (PEMD) research group of the Electrical Engineering Department of the University of Ibadan. The paper presents various sites with possible hydrokinetic energy potential in Nigeria with the aim of quantifying their energy potential for rural electrification application. Overview of hydrokinetic technology is also presented with the view of highlighting the opportunities and the challenges of the technology for rural electrification. A case study of using hydrokinetic turbine technology in meeting the energy demand of a proposed civic center in a remote community is demonstrated. Some of the key findings revealed that Nigeria has many untapped hydrokinetic potential site and if adequately harnessed can improve the energy poverty and boost economic activities especially in the isolated and remote rural communities, where adequate river water resource is available. The total estimated untapped hydrokinetic energy potential in Nigeria is 111.15MW with the Northern part of the country having 68.18MW while the Southern part has 42.97MW. The case study shows that harnessing hydrokinetic energy of potential site is promising for rural electrification. This paper is important as it will serve as an initial requirement for optimal investment in hydrokinetic power development in Nigeria.Article History: Received November 16th 2017; Received in revised form April 7th 2018; Accepted April 15th 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Olatunji, O.A.S., Raphael, A.T. and Yomi, I.T. (2018) Hydrokinetic Energy Opportunity for Rural Electrification in Nigeria. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 183-190.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.183-190

Propensity for Peptides as nutraceuticals: a survey of the Nigerian Market

Over time, scientists have studied the potential of peptides as nutraceuticals by measuring their bio functionalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain the potential of isolated peptides as nutraceuticals in Nigeria using market availability. A market survey was carried out to determine the willingness of citizens who possess buying power, to purchase this product. The survey was conducted using survey monkey. 54.17% of the sample population declared unlikelihood to purchase these bioactive peptides, 20.83% of this group had no idea, of which most were men. Of the 45 and above age group, 55.5% declared high likelihood for purchase of nutraceutical peptides. On the assumption that only the aging group subscribes to nutraceutical peptides, there is little prospect of seeing these peptides being utilized to their maximum potential in Nigeria for health maintenance. Hence enlightenment of the public is necessary to increase acceptability and prospect of bioactive peptides as nutraceuticals.

THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN, AND MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO NIGERIA

AbstractIn Nigeria, Britain asserted its post-colonial security role during and immediately after the transfer of power, and remained responsible for assisting the Nigerian armed forces. While the Americans recognized Nigeria's potential as an important partner in the Cold War, they preferred to focus on development aid. Washington was thus supposed to complement British assistance, while leaving the responsibility for the security sector to London. But with the escalation of the Cold War in Africa, the Nigerians’ efforts to reduce their dependency on the United Kingdom, and Nigeria's growing significance for the United States in African affairs, this Anglo-American burden-sharing was increasingly questioned in Washington. The United States thus eventually decided to militarize its aid policy towards Nigeria. In analysing the militarization of US aid policy towards Nigeria, this article will, first, assess the Anglo-American relationship in the early 1960s; secondly, position Nigeria in American Cold War policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa; thirdly, question the role of military assistance in Washington's policy towards Nigeria and Africa; and fourthly, discover the regional and local factors that influenced policy-makers in Washington and London.

A means to an industrialisation end? Demand Side Management in Nigeria

Electricity is essential for economic development and industrialisation processes. Balancing demand and supply is a recurrent problem in the Nigerian electricity market. The aim of this work is to assess the technical and economic potential of Demand Side Management (DSM) in Nigeria given different future levels of industrialisation. The paper places industrialisation at the centrefold of the appraisal of DSM potential in Nigeria. It does so by designing industrialisation scenarios and consequently deriving different DSM penetration levels using a cost-optimisation model. Findings show that under the high industrialisation scenario by the year 2050 DSM could bring about 7 billion USD in cumulative savings thanks to deferred investment in new generation and full deployment of standby assets along with interruptible programmes for larger industrial users. The paper concludes by providing policy recommendations regarding financial mechanisms to increase DSM deployment in Nigeria. The focus on DSM serves to shift the policy debate on electricity in Nigeria from a static state versus market narrative on supply to an engagement with the agency and influence on industrial end-users.