Potential CO2 Emissions Research Articles

Weighing China's embodied CO2 emissions and value added under global value chains: Trends, characteristics, and paths

With the accelerated expansion of global value chains (GVCs), China occupies an increasingly important position in the global production division system, which has important impacts for its economy and environment. Comprehensively measuring the economic benefits and emissions costs of China's participation in GVCs, and striving to achieve a mutually beneficial state of GVC upgrade and low-carbon economic development, are critical issues for China. This study applies the accounting framework of value-added trade and embodied CO2 emission trade to measure the potential CO2 emissions cost of China's value-added gains through traditional trade, simple GVC, and complex GVC from 2000 to 2014. The findings are fourfold. (1) Compared with traditional trade, GVC-related activities require higher carbon emissions costs to obtain value added, which exacerbates China's economic-environmental imbalance. (2) Electricity, Metals, and Non-metallic mineral industries are the primary sectors of embodied CO2 emissions exports, and they bear heavy emissions pressure while obtaining limited value added. (3) China's embodied CO2 trade and value-added trade with developing countries through GVCs are rising, whereas the trade with developed countries reveals a downward trend. (4) The characteristics of China's industrial paths under different trade routes vary considerably. CO2 emissions in the industrial path of GVC-related activities are more hidden, and comprehensive management must be carried out throughout the entire industrial chain from production to consumption. This study proposes policy recommendations for the coordinated development of economic and environmental relations, such as reducing the carbon intensity of key industries, strengthening trade cooperation with emerging economies, and enhancing China's position in GVCs.

“Carbon Bombs” - Mapping key fossil fuel projects

Meeting the Paris targets requires reducing both fossil fuel demand and supply, and closing the “production gap” between climate targets and energy policy. But there is no supply-side mitigation roadmap yet. We need criteria to decide where to focus efforts.Here, we identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally (defined as >1 gigaton potential CO2 emissions). We list these “carbon bombs” by name, show in which countries they are located and calculate their potential emissions which combined exceed the global 1.5 °C carbon budget by a factor of two. Already producing carbon bombs account for a significant percentage of global fossil fuel extraction. But 40% of carbon bombs have not yet started extraction.Climate change mitigation efforts cannot ignore carbon bombs. Defusing them could become an important dimension of climate change mitigation policy and activism towards meeting the Paris targets. So far, few actors, mainly from civil society, are working on defusing carbon bombs, but they are focussing on a very limited number of them. We outline a priority agenda where the key strategies are avoiding the activation of new carbon bombs and putting existing ones into “harvest mode”.

The Effect of Urban Shrinkage on Carbon Dioxide Emissions Efficiency in Northeast China.

Climate change caused by CO2 emissions is a controversial topic in today’s society; improving CO2 emission efficiency (CEE) is an important way to reduce carbon emissions. While studies have often focused on areas with high carbon and large economies, the areas with persistent contraction have been neglected. These regions do not have high carbon emissions, but are facing a continuous decline in energy efficiency; therefore, it is of great relevance to explore the impact and mechanisms of CO2 emission efficiency in shrinking areas or shrinking cities. This paper uses a super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model to measure the CO2 emission efficiency and potential CO2 emission reduction (PCR) of 33 prefecture-level cities in northeast China from 2006 to 2019. For the first time, a Tobit model is used to analyze the factors influencing CEE, using the level of urban shrinkage as the core variable, with socio-economic indicators and urban construction indicators as control variables, while the mediating effect model is applied to identify the transmission mechanism of urban shrinkage. The results show that the CEE index of cities in northeast China is decreasing by 1.75% per annum. For every 1% increase in urban shrinkage, CEE decreased by approximately 2.1458%, with urban shrinkage, industrial structure, and expansion intensity index (EII) being the main factors influencing CEE. At the same time, urban shrinkage has a further dampening effect on CEE by reducing research and development expenditure (R&D) and urban compactness (COMP), with each 1% increase in urban shrinkage reducing R&D and COMP by approximately 0.534% and 1.233%, respectively. This can be improved by making full use of the available built-up space, increasing urban density, and promoting investment in research.

Mechanisms and kinetics of (de-)protection of soil organic carbon in earthworm casts in a tropical environment

Earthworms have potential to stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC), but the biophysical controls on SOC dynamics in earthworm casts and the SOC residence time in casts is poorly known. To this end, we aimed to investigate (1) the kinetics of SOC (de-) protection in earthworm casts deposited in a tropical environment and (2) changes in the spatial relationships between fresh particulate organic matter (POM) and pore architecture within casts. Our experimental approach was to espose casts produced by the anecic earthworm Amynthas adexilis to tropical temperature and rainfall by placing them in a woodland in northern Vietnam. For 400 d, we monitored the dynamics of cast microstructures using X-ray micro-computed tomography and compared them to those of the surrounding soil aggregates (control). We also measured potential CO2 emissions of the same samples in a laboratory incubation. As expected, recently egested casts had higher SOC (1.9-fold) and POM volumes (7-fold) than aggregates, whereas their total imaged porosity was 4 times less. The SOC of casts was more labile than SOC of aggregates, as casts had 3 times more potentially mineralizable SOC. By 72 d of exposure to field conditions, the casts and aggregates had similar potential SOC mineralization, indicating that they had developed a similar level of SOC protection. Temporal changes in SOC mineralization rates were related to variations in POM volume, particularly those connected to the outside of the cast. After 400 d of exposure, casts had still greater POM volumes (2.5-fold) and higher SOC contents (1.6-fold) but similar total imaged porosity and SOC stability as aggregates. In conclusion, these results clearly indicated the direct involvement of earthworms in SOC stabilization through their impact on POM and pore spatial arrangements, which may have led to prolonged SOC sequestration for > 400 d.

Analysis of Ciliate Community Diversity in Decaying Pinus nigra Logs

Ciliates are an important component of the detritus and energy flow in forest ecosystems. The present study aims to provide an early insight into the abundance and composition of the ciliate community inhabiting deadwood in relation to the different decay classes. We took advantage of a mesocosm experiment of black pine deadwood already underway to evaluate changes in chemical properties, microbial communities, and potential CO2 emissions over time. The abundance and the number of ciliate taxa increased as wood decay progressed. Greater diversity was observed in the early stages of decomposition, while similarity in community composition increased along the decomposition gradient with several taxa commonly found in the more decomposed classes 3–5. The identified species were related to soil-inhabiting ciliates and mainly belonged to Colpodea and Spirotrichea classes. Ciliate abundance correlated positively with bacterial abundance, total nitrogen (N), and CO2 potential production, while it correlated negatively with the C/N ratio. Through grazing activity, ciliates contribute to regulate the degrading activity of microbial communities inhabiting deadwood and CO2 emission, enhancing soil fertility. Looking ahead, specific ciliate taxa may be used as indicators of the stage of decomposition and their biodiversity may provide knowledge into deadwood decay activity.

Electrified powertrain sizing for vehicle fleets of car makers considering total ownership costs and CO2 emission legislation scenarios

Developing effective computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools is currently a compelling need for fostering industrialization and widespread diffusion of electrified road vehicles. A CAE methodology is proposed in this paper for sizing electrified road vehicle powertrains at an overall car maker vehicle fleet level by considering different evaluation criteria involving retail price, compliance with current and future regulatory CO2 emission requirements, drivability, and real-world operative costs. A case study is performed on a group of different vehicle models embedding the same electrified powertrain, and different vehicle electrification levels are assessed. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is identified as the most robust propulsion system architecture solution considering different sizing targets and 2030 oriented regulatory scenarios. This suggests that, from the perspective of a car maker, investing in research and development and in upgrade of current vehicle production facilities to propose highly electrified vehicles in the market can be a more strategic and successful approach than a conservative strategy which would restrain the economic investments and limit the overall electrification level of all vehicle models. The considerably higher retail price that users are required to pay when purchasing a fleet of plug-in HEVs may in fact be paid off and eventually reveal beneficial in a long term given the avoidance of paying a regulatory CO2 sanction and the consistent reduction in the monthly operative costs in terms of fuel and electricity. Vehicle designers can implement the presented CAE methodology for assessing electrified vehicle sizing options at the overall car maker level based on realistic use case scenarios and different potential CO2 emission regulation scenarios.

Within-field spatial variations in subsoil bulk density related to crop yield and potential CO2 and N2O emissions

Subsoil compaction is an increasing problem in modern agriculture, but is not easily recognized in practice, also because of possible within-field spatial variations. This paper addresses the question of how within-field spatial variations in soil bulk density and other soil characteristics relate to within-field spatial variations in crop yield and potential CO2 and N2O emissions from soil. Four fields (5 to 20 ha each) were selected at the suggestion of crop farmers, and sampled using a random soil sampling design (100 samples per field). Undisturbed soil samples were taken at depth of 5–10, 30–35, and 50–55 cm and soil bulk density and potential CO2 and N2O emissions measured under controlled conditions. At each sampling point, also top soil (0–20 cm) samples were taken for determination of pH, texture, SOM, and (micro)nutrients, and soil penetration resistance measurements and visual assessments of soil structure were made. Wheat yields were recorded with harvesters equipped with GPS and yield recorders.Mean soil bulk density in the sub-soil (30–35 cm) ranged between fields from 1.36 ± 0.08 to 1.60 ± 0.11 g cm−3. Mean wheat yields ranged between fields and years from 7.6 ± 0.6 and 11.3 ± 2.4 Mg ha−1. Semi-variogram analyses showed that crop yields and soil properties were mostly spatially dependent; nugget-to-sill ratios were < 25% with ranges of 137 to 773 m. The ratio of CO2 emissions to N2O emissions was negatively related to soil bulk density, especially following N application.In conclusion, within-field spatial variations in subsoil bulk density were successfully related to spatial variations in crop yield and potential CO2 and N2O emissions. The ratio of CO2 emissions to N2O emissions had a much greater response to spatial variations in soil bulk density than wheat yield. Our study suggests that N2O emission factors may depend on (sub)soil bulk density.

Decadal loss of above-ground biomass and subsequent potential CO2 emission from the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, India

Mangrove forests harbour some of the highest carbon densities of any ecosystem, yet their decline has resulted in potential carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The emission of CO2 due to the loss of above-ground biomass (AGB) of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem was calculated using the ArcMap and ERDAS software. Hence, classification of the Satellite images between 1990 and 2020 of the Indian portions of the Sundarbans was done.The total loss of mangrove area in the Indian part of Sundarbans is 138.4 km2 in the last 30 years. Around 57% of the total loss is due to erosion, 22% is converted to fallow lands, and the remainder is transformed into different landforms for human use. The AGB loss has led to the potential CO2 emission of 2028.4 ± 713.7 Gg, which costs $101.42 million in terms of the social cost of carbon (SCC).The stability analysis of the system showed that the fluctuations during the high tidal surges of cyclone ‘Aila’ that struck the coastline of the Bay of Bengal, resulted in the decrease of mangrove covers and acted as a driving force behind the depletion of ‘blue carbon’ of the Sundarbans.

Trading deforestation—why the legality of forest-risk commodities is insufficient

Consumer countries and blocs, including the UK and the EU, are defining legal measures to tackle deforestation linked to commodity imports, potentially requiring imported goods to comply with the relevant producer countries’ land-use laws. Nonetheless, this measure is insufficient to address global deforestation. Using Brazil’s example of a key exporter of forest-risk commodities, here we show that it has ∼3.25 Mha of natural habitat (storing ∼152.8 million tons of potential CO2 emissions) at a high risk of legal deforestation until 2025. Additionally, the country’s legal framework is going through modifications to legalize agricultural production in illegally deforested areas. What was illegal may become legal shortly. Hence, a legality criterion adopted by consumer countries is insufficient to protect forests and other ecosystems and may worsen deforestation and conversion risks by incentivizing the weakening of social-environmental protection by producer countries.

Balancing Energy Trilemma Using Hybrid Distributed Rooftop Solar PV (DRSP)/Battery/Diesel Microgrid: A Case Study in Gilutongan Island, Cordova, Cebu, Philippines

Design strategies for achieving reliable, affordable, and clean electricity are crucial for energy sustainability. Attaining it requires managing the three core factors (TCF) of the energy trilemma (ET) to increase reliability (energy equity), minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) (energy equity), and avoid potential CO2 emission (environmental sustainability) simultaneously. This paper aims to present a design strategy for the hybrid energy system microgrid (HESM) model, consisting of a distributed rooftop solar PV (DRSP), battery, and diesel-generator to meet the increasing demand while balancing the TCF of the ET. The design strategy was applied in a cluster of 11 households in Gilutongan Island, Cebu, Philippines, where there is no open land space for a solar PV microgrid system. This study used PVSyst and HOMER Pro software to perform the techno-enviro-economic (TEE) analysis to select all feasible system configurations (FSCs). To identify the optimal FSC, a scoring mechanism that considers the LCOE based on the 5% household electricity expense limit, the 5% unmet load fraction, and the renewable penetration fraction was used. Results show that the optimal system requires an average of 32.2% excess energy from DRSP to balance the TCF of the ET based on the energy demand considered. Thus, planning when energy demand increases is vital to map the next appropriate steps toward sustainable energy transition. Overall, the obtained results can support project developers and policymakers to make informed decisions in balancing the ET from various trade-offs of energy systems.

Does educated labor force is managing the green economy in BRCS? Fresh evidence from NARDL-PMG approach.

It is observed that an educated labor force can increase the absorption capacity of the economy and improve the effectiveness of green technologies that lead to a reduction in potential CO2 emissions. The study investigates whether an educated labor force contributes to the management of the green economy or not in BRCS economies. Panel ARDL-PMG and NARDL-PMG approaches have been employed for empirical analysis for data ranging from 1995 to 2019. According to the ARDL-PMG results, a highly educated labor force contributes to alleviating CO2 emissions in the long run. In contrast, the findings of NARDL-PMG infer that positive component of a highly educated labor force has a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions, while negative component of a highly educated labor force has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in the long run. The study suggests that BRCS countries' policymakers should promote education and training for the labor force to maintain a reduction in CO2 emissions.

Future CO2 emission trends and radical decarbonization path of iron and steel industry in China

China has set new ambitious national determined contributions (NDC) target to reach the peak of CO2 emissions by 2030, and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. This urges radical efforts for all industries to neutralize or zeroize their CO2 emission, especially for the iron and steel industry. Here, we establish a comprehensive model to explore the potential CO2 emission pathways of China's iron and steel industry based on NDC and climate target in line with the Paris Agreement. Four scenarios are constructed: business as usual (BAU), NDC, 2-degree, and 1.5-degree. We predict the total CO2 emission from 2015 to 2050 will fall from 1690.82 Mt to 1475.75 Mt, 1249.39 Mt, 484.77 Mt, and 252.13 Mt under those four scenarios, respectively. To achieve 2-degree and 1.5-degree targets, iron and steel industry requires radical decarbonization. To explore the key factors behind the carbon neutrality of steel production, we apply Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) for the 1.5-degree scenario and find that steel production, breakthrough technologies and production structure will become the important factors. To effectively evaluate the CO2 emissions of steel production, we have set up a CO2 emission evaluation indicator system including comprehensive CO2 emission indicator, crude steel CO2 emission indicator, and section CO2 emission indicator. CSC model shows that low discount rates and high carbon prices will make low-carbon technologies cost-beneficial. Accordingly, we further discuss the potential barriers and strategies related to hydrogen steelmaking, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and electricity generation structure revolution to the iron and steel industry.

Comprehensive assessment of energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction in future aluminum supply chain

Over the past decade, the global aluminum industry has undergone profound changes, particularly as a result of China emerging as a powerhouse production base, accounting for approximately 60% of global smelting capacity by the end of 2018. To explore the potential energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction of China's aluminum industry during 2010–2050, we developed a comprehensive assessment framework based on quasi-dynamic material flow analysis, energy consumption, and CO2 emission models. Four scenarios were designed to outline future energy savings and CO2 emission mitigation in China's aluminum industry. The results show that China's aluminum demand will consistently increase from 22.67 Mt in 2010 to 51.20 Mt in 2050. In the short term, China's aluminum industry cannot achieve a completely circular economy without implementing new policies. The results also indicate that the energy intensity and CO2 emissions per ton of aluminum will gradually decline under the multiple effects of technology promotion and structure adjustment. Under all four scenarios, the strengthened policy (STP) scenario has the least total energy consumption (TEC), reaching 46.57 Mtce and 24.11 Mtce in 2030 and 2050, respectively. The effect of energy conservation and emission reductions brought about by adjusting the production structure was far higher than the increasing technology penetration rate.

Restoration impacts on rates of denitrification and greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands

Forested coastal wetlands are globally important systems sequestering carbon and intercepting nitrogen pollution from nutrient-rich river systems. Coastal wetlands that have suffered extensive disturbance are the target of comprehensive restoration efforts. Accurate assessment of restoration success requires detailed mechanistic understanding of wetland soil biogeochemical functioning across restoration chrono-sequences, which remains poorly understood for these sparsely investigated systems. This study investigated denitrification and greenhouse gas fluxes in mangrove and Melaleuca forest soils of Vietnam, using the 15N-Gas flux method. Denitrification-derived N2O was significantly higher from Melaleuca than mangrove forest soils, despite higher potential rates of total denitrification in the mangrove forest soils (8.1 ng N g-1 h-1) than the Melaleuca soils (6.8 ng N g-1 h-1). Potential N2O and CO2 emissions were significantly higher from the Melaleuca soils than from the mangrove soils. Disturbance and subsequent recovery had no significant effect on N biogeochemistry except with respect to the denitrification product ratio in the mangrove sites, which was highest from the youngest mangrove site. Potential CO2 and CH4 fluxes were significantly affected by restoration in the mangrove soils. The lowest potential CO2 emissions were observed in the mid-age plantation and potential CH4 fluxes decreased in the older forests. The mangrove system, therefore, may remove excess N and improve water quality with low greenhouse gas emissions, whereas in Melaleucas, increased N2O and CO2 emissions also occur. These emissions are likely balanced by higher carbon stocks observed in the Melaleuca soils. These mechanistic insights highlight the importance of ecosystem restoration for pollution attenuation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands. Restoration efforts should continue to focus on increasing wetland area and function, which will benefit local communities with improved water quality and potential for income generation under future carbon trading.

ESTIMATING THE POTENTIAL CO2EMISSION REDUCTION IN 97 CONTRACTING COUNTRIES OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT

“The common but differentiated responsibilities” requires that participating countries in the Paris Agreement need to clarify their national emission reduction priorities and develop practical and feasible plans based on their local conditions. This paper aims to estimate the CO2emission efficiency and the potential emission reduction of the Paris Agreement contracting countries and identify the key influencing factors of CO2emission efficiency for the period of 1991–2014. A nonradial directional distance function, the metafrontier approach, and the bootstrapped truncated regression model are used. The following are the main conclusions: (1) China makes the highest annual potential CO2emission reduction of 2133.13 billion tons. (2) The technology gap appears to be a major contributor to the potential CO2emission reductions in the low income group (82.87%) and the lower–middle income group (66.01%), and thus these economies should pursue technological innovation to improve carbon emission efficiency; the potential CO2emission reductions in other groups are mainly the result of management inefficiency (with 57.52% and 78.38% of potential emission reductions by the upper–middle income and high income countries coming from management inefficiency). Therefore, some countries in the specific income group exhibit different emission reduction focus. (3) According to a regression analysis on the CO2emission efficiency contributing factors, the progress of total factor productivity and improvement of management level can improve the CO2emission efficiency. This study might be the first attempt to decompose the potential CO2emission reduction of these countries and provides each country with targeted, effective emission reduction priorities.

Social and Economic Factors of Industrial Carbon Dioxide in China: From the Perspective of Spatiotemporal Transition

The reduction of CO2 emission has become one of the significant tasks to control climate change in China. This study employs Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to identify the provinces in China with different types of spatiotemporal transition, and applies the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to analyze the influencing factors of industrial CO2 emissions. Spatial autocorrelation of provincial industrial CO2 emissions from 2003 to 2017 has been demonstrated. The results are as follows: (1) 30 provinces in China are categorized into 8 types of spatiotemporal transition, among which 24 provinces are characterized by stable spatial structure and 6 provinces show significant spatiotemporal transition; (2) For all types of spatiotemporal transition, economic scale effect is mostly contributed to industrial CO2 emission, while energy intensity effect is the most crucial driving force to reduce industrial carbon dioxide emission; (3) provinces of type HH-HH, HL-HL and HL-HH are most vital for CO2 emission reduction, while the potential CO2 emission increase of developing provinces in LL-LL, LH-LH and LL-LH should also be taken into account. Specific measures for CO2 emission reduction are suggested accordingly.

An effective method for preparing high early-strength cement-based materials: The effects of direct electric curing on Portland cement

In comparison to other accelerating curing methods in cement-based materials, the direct electric curing (DEC) has unique advantages of easily operating and high-quality controlling. Through employing the fixed voltage and frequency of alternating current, the influence of DEC time ranging from 0 to 24 h on Portland cement was investigated. The optimal DEC time was proposed by measuring the flexural strength, compressive strength, pore structure, capillary water absorption. The influencing mechanism of DEC on the properties of cement was studied by using TGA and XRD analysis. This study also compared the potential CO2 emission of four methods for preparing high early-strength cement-based materials. The results indicate that short time, i.e., within 2 h, of DEC cannot improve both early-term and middle-term strength. The optimal DEC time is about 6 h, through which the increment in 1-day and 28-day strength, improvement of pore structure and capillary water absorption can be obtained. Superfluous DEC decreases the middle-term strength and makes the pore structure much coarser because delayed ettringite formation (DEF) was observed in 24 h of DEC cured specimens. Judged only by strength requirement, DEC is indeed much cleaner than steam curing, but it has no advantage over the methods of Portland cement with composite early-strength agent or Portland cement with sulphoaluminate cement. While considering CO2 emission, cost, durability and strength requirement together, DEC is the most effective and environmentally friendly method.

Energy efficiency and sustainability assessment for methane harvesting from Lake Kivu

Lake Kivu is a great environmental and economic resource in Rwanda. Its deep-water methane reservoir can help the country to narrow its energy supply gap. However, mishandling of the lake could lead to devastating consequences, from potable water contamination to limnic eruption. To evaluate the lake’s potential for energy harvesting, we have developed a numerical model and validated it experimentally. Based on this model, we propose an optimal methane harvesting strategy. The harvesting efficiency improvement is from 4 to 6% relative to the alternatives. While seemingly insignificant, a 1% improvement of harvesting efficiency extends the operational time of a gas power plant by ∼5%. With these improvements, the lake will sustainably supply 100 MW of electricity for up to 100 years. Potential CO2 emissions are negligible in comparison with the low-emitting developed countries. We conclude that forestry and agroforestry can mitigate CO2 emissions and reduce currently widespread deforestation. The degassed water after methane extraction poses another environmental concern. It must be reinjected at the depth of 190–250 m to minimize the environmental impacts on the lake and allow for continuous methane harvesting.

Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Networks Using Micro-Hydropower in Spain

The use of micro-hydropower (MHP) for energy recovery in water distribution networks is becoming increasingly widespread. The incorporation of this technology, which offers low-cost solutions, allows for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. In this work, the MHP energy recovery potential in Spain from all available wastewater discharges, both municipal and private industrial, was assessed, based on discharge licenses. From a total of 16,778 licenses, less than 1% of the sites presented an MHP potential higher than 2 kW, with a total power potential between 3.31 and 3.54 MW. This total was distributed between industry, fish farms and municipal wastewater treatment plants following the proportion 51–54%, 14–13% and 35–33%, respectively. The total energy production estimated reached 29 GWh∙year−1, from which 80% corresponded to sites with power potential over 15 kW. Energy-related industries, not included in previous investigations, amounted to 45% of the total energy potential for Spain, a finding which could greatly influence MHP potential estimates across the world. The estimated energy production represented a potential CO2 emission savings of around 11 thousand tonnes, with a corresponding reduction between M€ 2.11 and M€ 4.24 in the total energy consumption in the country.

Understanding the Potential of Bio-Carbon Capture and Storage from Biomass Power Plant in Indonesia

Indonesia is currently experiencing a significant increase in population, industrialization and energy demand. As the energy demand increases, so does the production of climate-altering CO2 emission. Biomass power plants have emerged as a low carbon power generation alternative, utilizing agricultural and industrial waste. Biomass power plants have the potential of being a carbon-negative power generation technology in the near future by integrating carbon and capture storage (bio-CCS). The objective of this paper is to analyze and map potential CO2 emission in the processes of biomass power plants from gasification and firing or co-firing technology, then recommend suitable carbon capture technology based on the biomass power plant characteristics in Indonesia. The CO2 emission to be captured in the gasification process is 11-15% of the producer gas, while in co-firing it is 7-24% of the flue gas stream. Using biomass instead of coal in power plants reduces the electric efficiency and increases the plant’s in-house emission, but when analyzed in a wider boundary system it is apparent that the net GWP and CO2 emission of biomass power plants are way smaller than coal power plant, moreover when equipped with carbon capture unit. Biomass power plant that uses firing technology can reduce CO2 emission by 148% compared to typical coal power plant. Installing carbon capture unit in biomass firing power plants can further reduce the specific CO2 emission by 262%. If carbon capture technology is implemented to all existing biomass power plants in Indonesia, it could reduce the greenhouse gas emission up to 2.2 million tonnes CO2 equivalent annually. It is found that there are 3 significant designs for gasification technology: NREL design, Rhodes &amp; Keith design and IGBCC+DeCO2 design. The first two designs are not suitable to be retrofitted into existing biomass power plants in Indonesia since they are based on a specific BCL/FERCO gasifier. While IGBCC+DeCO2 design still needs further study regarding its feasibility. While for firing, the most promising technology to be applied in the near future is solvent-based absorption because it is already on commercial scale for coal-based power plants and can be implemented for other source, e.g. biomass power plant. Bio-CCS in existing biomass power plant with firing technology is likely to be implemented in the near future compared to the gasification, because it applies the post combustion capture as an “end-of-pipe” technology which is generally seen as a more viable option to be retrofitted to existing power plants, resulting in potentially less expensive transition.