Post-war Development Research Articles

Economic socialization on the way to solidarity construction of reality

The article discusses how, in the context of the contradiction between the dynamics and structure of economic growth, on the one hand, and the threat of climate change, on the other, to ensure the post-war development of the Ukrainian economy through the formation of a social foundation on the basis of economic socialization. As one of the key resources of social renewal, this should help reduce the stress state of society and ensure social solidarity, expanding opportunities for the inclusion of the population in public life and the economy, in particular effective employment. At the same time, employment is considered as a response to the challenge of the time, which is determined on the basis of an assessment of trends towards reassessment of values and the desire to start a "new life" among the broad masses of the population affected by the war. The possibility of providing employment is associated with the processes of constructing a new reality in the conditions of war and, especially, post-war period, in which the active solidarity of the population on the basis of economic socialization in accordance with new requirements and the development of relevant activities that will contribute to the further development of the economy are possible. At the same time, economic socialization is considered as a component of the state employment policy, which should create prerequisites for the individual's awareness, revision and change of their own economic behavior, especially in the labor market. In turn, this requires the creation of systemic prerequisites for adaptation, which will demotivate the search for illegal employment, as well as migration for employment reasons.

POSTWAR SOCIALISATION OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The full-scale war in Ukraine has exacerbated a number of social problems that will need to be addressed during the post-war reconstruction period through the socialization of the economy. Ukraine's European integration will have a positive impact on this process. The relevance of post-war socialization of Ukraine's economy in the context of European integration is driven by many factors related to the need to restore the country after the conflict and adapt to the standards of the European Union. European integration is a key goal of Ukraine, and it requires serious transformations in the country's economic, social and political life. The purpose of the article is to study the development of post-war socialization of Ukraine's economy in the context of European integration. To achieve the purpose of the article, the following tasks were set and solved: to identify the main aspects of the post-war socialization of Ukraine's economy, to analyze the impact of European integration on the post-war development of the social sphere. The article uses general scientific methods of data analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization. The information base of the article is made up of scientific articles and online statistical databases. The article analyzes statistical data on the damage to the destroyed social infrastructure, the dynamics of the unemployment rate in 2020-2024, and the number of registered Ukrainian refugees by country. The author outlines the directions of post-war socialization of Ukraine's economy using the prospects of European integration processes. The article offers recommendations on how to use the potential of Ukraine's integration into the EU to build the social sphere in the postwar period. The postwar socialization of Ukraine's economy is strategically important for achieving social stability, strengthening the country's competitive position and further integration into the European Union. This approach will ensure Ukraine's sustainable development and improve the quality of life of the population within the European community.The practical value of the article lies in the fact that its material can be used by state authorities in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine with the use of the potential of European integration.

PROBLEMS OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL HEALTHCARE (based on materials from the administrative department of Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks))

The article reveals health problems in the City of Gorky and Gorky Region in the period of 1945 – early 1950s. Topicality of the study is connected, first of all, with the insufficient development of this topic in historiography. On the other hand, the secrecy of a number of archival funds and the gradual work on declassifying socially significant documents require their timely involvement in scientific circulation. The source base is the materials of the State Socio-Political Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region and the Central Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region. The City of Gorky and the regional centres of Gorky Region, especially Dzerzhinsk, were important industrial centres in the post-war period. Gorky was also one of the major transport hubs. The article notes that these factors directly influenced the development of regional medicine. With the outbreak of the Cold War, medical documentation became closed. The author focuses on the analysis of medical documents of the administrative department of Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Data on the state of health care in the region is just at the moment being introduced into scientific circulation. The research is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and determinism. Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative historicism, chronology were used. The novelty of the research lies in obtaining new knowledge about the conditions of the state, functioning and reform of the health care system of Gorky Region, as well as about the organisation of fighting social diseases, such as venereal ones and tuberculosis, in the post-war period. The author highlights the main problems of regional medicine of the period under study and the proposals of Party bodies to resolve socially significant issues.

Assessing the initial impact of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian agriculture: Challenges, policy responses, and future prospects

The war in Ukraine has caused significant losses to the Ukrainian agricultural sector and threatened global food security. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the impact of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian agriculture in its initial phase, examine the responses of Ukrainian agricultural policy and outline key elements for the post-war development of the Ukrainian agricultural sector. Using a systematic approach that includes thorough data collection and analysis from official sources, the Ukrainian press, relevant legislation and statistical data, our study focuses on the first five months of the conflict, from February 24, 2022 to July 24, 2022, to identify the main challenges during this period. The agricultural policy analysis shows that the Ukrainian government has adopted a reactive approach, including tax simplification, affordable credit, deregulation, financial support for the agricultural sector, reduced prices for inputs and resources to support farmers, and improvements in logistics. Critical factors identified for post-war development include repatriation and agricultural education, support for small and medium-sized farms, integration into global markets, emphasis on organic practices and sustainable development, and digitalization in agriculture. The integration of a systematic overview of the Ukrainian agricultural sector and an analysis of key elements of post-war development provides essential insights for policy-makers and researchers concerned with the impact of war on the agricultural sector and food security.

ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНІ ІМПЕРАТИВИ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ НА ЗАСАДАХ СТАЛОСТІ: У ПОШУКАХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ

The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of financing investment projects on the principles of sustainability and circularity, the demand for which will grow in the conditions of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, which will take place taking into account the European integration imperatives of the international economic policy of Ukraine. It is proven that “sustainability” is a kind of framework concept that simultaneously imposes restrictions and creates opportunities for attracting capital. In the conditions of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, it becomes promising to increase in the portfolio of investment projects those that are oriented towards the implementation of circular business models that serve as a tool for implementing green and circular transitions. Revision of value and supply chains taking into account the “dominant of circularity” is an imperative of the “green” European integration course.The circular economic model is an innovative platform and ensures sustainable development by moving from a linear model based on consumption and recycling to one in which the service life of products is maximized, natural resources are reused, and materials and waste are minimized. Currently, three distinct cycles of circularity are distinguished, which are gradually becoming wider: closing resource cycles, which is determined by the relatively traditional economic system; slowing down resource cycles and material flows through the continuation and intensification of the use of products to preserve their value and cost over time; narrowing resource cycles through more efficient use of materials, resources and products of the linear system. The transformation processes taking place in the financial sector under the influence of the greening of financial policies not only of companies, but also of the Central Banks of the leading countries of the world, show that ignoring the sustainability factor and non-compliance with ESG criteria will affect the credit ratings of institutions in particular and reputational positions in general. “Green” factors increasingly aggressively determine the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to apply for grant support for financial provision of circular and sustainable projects. Circular, green and energy transitions in the context of sustainable development will act as a universal tool for achieving many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will make it possible to attract financial resources from special funds that deal with solving global development problems. Europe strives to become the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050. The EU must transform into a fair and prosperous society with a modern and competitive economy. This highlights the need for a holistic and cross-sectoral approach, in which all relevant policy areas contribute to achieving the ultimate climate-related goal. The implementation of environmental initiatives at the global, regional, inter-country and macro-, meso-, micro-levels is facilitated by political initiatives of actors at the global, regional and national levels. Therefore, The European Union (EU), having adopted ambitious goals of achieving climate neutrality, uses the European Green Deal, which is fundamentally capable of modifying the investment and financial landscape, which should be taken into account when selecting investment projects within the framework of post-war reconstruction programs. In the process of post-war reconstruction of regions, the challenges of solving the problems of energy security, resource security, water resources management will be on the agenda. Ukraine during the post-war development has all the prerequisites for acquiring the status of a green and circular center of Europe. In the context of decentralization, the coordination of relevant initiatives becomes significantly more complicated: on the one hand, the liberalization of the institutional space provides a lot of flexibility to municipalities and communities, on the other hand, post-war socio-economic development creates a demand for strategic planning of Ukraine's place in the international division of labor, and therefore - strategizing its industrial development on the basis of sustainability. Under these conditions, the European Green Deal can become a kind of strategic framework that will clearly define the standards for greening business principles. It is fully foreseen that attracting financing from EU funds will involve increasing requirements for corporate social responsibility of enterprises.

Navigating futures past: colonialism, nationalism, and the making of post-Ottoman order in Kilis, 1919–1926

ABSTRACT In the early 1920s, Kilis was a mid-size town situated in the north of the Ottoman province of Aleppo. The border introduced in October 1921 between Turkey and French Syria passed right to the south of Kilis, leaving the landowning elites who lived in the city detached from their lands located in Syria. This article reconstructs the complex episodes that unfolded both before and after the introduction of this border, as the territorial future of Kilis’ agricultural hinterland intimately shaped how the town’s landed notables interacted with the coming of colonial rule to the region and the ensuing resistance efforts. In tracing these post-war developments in Kilis, this study is an attempt to come to terms with the complex ways in which historical actors operated in a world that was increasingly defined by the uncertainties of the future, and hopes to show how historians could best approach such key moments while navigating the study of futures past. As we will see, the immediate post-war years in Kilis not only led old problems to flare up with greater intensity, but also quickly resulted in the consolidation of new discursive positions in line with the emerging post-Ottoman order across the region.

Governance priorities for the post-war development and European integration of rural local communities in Ukraine

Governance priorities for the post-war development and European integration of rural local communities in Ukraine

Modernisation of the definition of human capital of the working population

The article substantiates the relevance of the topic, which is since in the current conditions of uncertainty, unpredictability, and the emergence of new social risks, the issue of preserving human capital is the basis for ensuring the country’s recovery and, accordingly, is one of the key programs of the country’s post-war development. The purpose of the study is to investigate the change in the essence of the definition of "human capital" of the working population under the influence of factors and structural changes of the present. To achieve this goal, the author analyzes information sources on the formation of the concept of "human capital" as an economic category. Accordingly, the emphasis was placed on laying the foundations of the study by foreign experts in social issues. In addition, the author states the relevance of the issue among domestic scholars who have adapted the results of foreign research to domestic realities, taking into account the development of technology, new challenges of a political, institutional, economic, social, and demographic nature, as well as climatic and epidemiological factors faced by society. The author studies the recommendations of international institutions regarding the availability of provisions on the content of the concept of "human capital" and the effectiveness of its development. Accordingly, the author substantiates that the main task is not only to invest in human capital, as was originally envisaged, but also to invest in the mechanisms of accumulation, development, preservation, protection, and enhancement as a driving force for minimizing the risks of income loss, an important condition for ecological, inclusive, and sustainable development. The analysis of the positions of domestic scholars in this area reveals a general statement that the consequences of the pandemic, the war, and its duration are not only the economic decline of the country but also physical losses (both quantitative and qualitative), the manifestations of which will be felt by more than one generation. It is found that the above emphasizes the need to improve the mechanism for restoring, accumulating, and protecting human capital, considering the impact of new social risks. It is argued that the main task of the new social policy, in particular social protection, and social insurance, is to ensure the continuous accumulation, protection, preservation, multiplication, and development of human capital lifelong, considering inclusion, human-centered approach, and the latest technologies.

Модель специфічних факторів виробництво: загальна концепція і часткові наслідки

The specific factor model is interesting for its partial consequences in crisis economies. The distribution of factors according to the levels of inter-branch and international mobility allows us to assess the extent to which the movement of homogeneous factors can replace the lack of specific ones in a separate field. Modeling the distribution of specific and homogeneous factors will allow to optimize the structure of export industries and to determine how the change in the global situation will affect the level of real wages in the industries and the cost of their capital. This will improve the planning of budgets at different levels and the deployment of productive forces. The purpose of the article is to study the possibility of applying the specific factor model to optimize Ukraine’s international trade and develop its export potential. The main research methods were theoretical generalization, economic-statistical analysis, graphic-analytical method. The information base of the research was Heckscher-Ohlin theory, factor price equalization theorem, the theory of specific factor, Jones magnification effect and a wide statistical database of Ukraine’s exports. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks were completed: an analysis of the structure of Ukraine’s export industries and individual products was carried out; the most appropriate pair of industries (goods) for modeling the distribution of specific factors was identified; formalized the basic concept of the classical specific factor model, taking into account the export structure of Ukraine; the partial effects of the distribution of specific factors between export industries and/or individual groups of goods are described; tools for the application of the specific factor model and its partial consequences in the process of post-war economic recovery of Ukraine were formed. The structure of Ukraine’s exports changed greatly in 2000–2021. Until 2012, the main export income was provided by metallurgy (31,15 % on average), and by 2021 its share fell to 18,31 %. Instead, the share of agricultural exports increased from 12,2 % to 36,35 %. The share of exports of the chemical industry decreased from 9,53 % to 4,5 %, exports of mechanical engineering and electronics almost completely disappeared. There were also significant changes in the structure of export of services: the IT sector took first place (14,19 %), the export of transport services decreased from 15,41 % to 5,38 %, and the tourism industry, after the peak of development in 2004–2013 (6,02 % of exports an average), was practically destroyed by the war and the epidemic of COVID-19 (0,53 % of exports in 2020). The use of the specific factor model in the conditions of the post-war development of Ukraine will allow to optimize the distribution of scarce resources between industries. At the same time, the criteria of export potential should be taken into account: 1) statistically significant indicators of the growth of physical and monetary volumes of exports; 2) the existence of a correlation between price indicators of the domestic and world markets and changes in demand indicators; 3) the possibility of quick involvement of additional factors in the event of increase in demand on the world market; 4) the existence of a relationship between the prices of export goods and the cost of factors; 5) comparison of growth rates of real wages and interest rates in export industries with average growth rates of commodity prices; 6) relatively low elasticity of demand in foreign markets compared to domestic. It is quite possible that we will have to temporarily abandon the export development of certain industries. In the future, it will be necessary to develop specific tools for the application of this model in practice, namely: 1) to carry out an audit of existing production factors; identify those of them that can be transformed from specific to universal by liquidating individual capital assets and retraining engineering and technical personnel; 2) identify the most promising industries and groups of goods within them, where it will be appropriate to direct scarce resources; 3) to build correlation dependences of changes in price levels and production volumes of selected industries and changes in real factor prices; 4) calculate changes in macroeconomic indicators that will occur as a result of using the tools of the specific factor model.

LIFE AS A DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE. A METABLETIC EXPLORATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH

This paper elaborates on the attempts in medical science to tackle complex or non-linear phenomena at the microscopic scale by a process of linearization. Questions of predictability and computability of stochastic phenomena are at the basis of the extrapolation of molecular interactions from the microscale to the macroscale of the cellular machinery and of the multicellular organism. The effects of this linearization procedure not only are observed in the handling of cellular processes in medicine, but also generate consequences at the population level in the organization of public health. The notion of dissipative structure thus is inferred at several levels of organization. This paper is centered around the discovery of the (messenger) RNA concept by the Brussels Rouge-Cloître Group, a discovery that played a key-role in the postwar developments of molecular biology and genomics, and consequently also in epidemiology and vaccine development. In the footsteps of the philosophy of Peter Sloterdijk, the conceptual framework of immunology not only is found to constitute a medical discipline, but it is also identified as a group-forming (neuro-) semantic mechanism. As such it forms a target in AI-generated networks. A final note is added to the need and urgency of limitations set to the exploitation of these semantic mechanisms, for the sake of human social cohesion.

CONCERNING THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES BY THE SECRETARIAT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE IN PERFORMING ITS FUNCTIONS

Introduction. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine on the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the Secretariat of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine shall provide, in particular, managerial, information and logistics support for operations of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (hereinafter – the Court). Currently, Ukraine is developing in the era of post-industrial society, where the development of modern technologies, artificial intelligence, the provision of innovative services, etc., play an important role. Undoubtedly, such development of society requires the transformation of all spheres of life, in particular, regarding the implementation of constitutional justice. Despite Russia’s continued full-scale aggression against Ukraine, national and European governments have been developing certain steps regarding the current and post-war development of Ukraine. One of these steps was the approval by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on December 14, 2022 (CM/Del/Dec (2022)1452/2.4) Council of Europe Action Plan for Ukraine «Resilience, Recovery and Reconstruction» 2023-2026 that is dated November 29, 2022. According to this plan, one of the proposed action is to support the efficient functioning of the Court and development of the constitutional justice. The objective of the proposed action is to support to the Ukrainian authorities in the reform of the Court during the war and in the post-war context in line with the recommendations of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) and Council of Europe standards [4; P.10]. In our opinion, implementation of this direction is impossible without effective use of information and communication technologies during the performance of the Court’s functions. Summary of the main research results. Improving the work of the Court’s Secretariat with the use of information and communication technologies is seen in the enhancement of communication between citizens and the Court as a condition for increasing public trust in the Court’s activities, the improvement the Court’s electronic document management, legal regulation of the implementation of the Court’s e-justice in order to comply with the principles of transparency and openness in carrying out its activities. Conclusions. The article concludes the condition for a wider use of information and communication technologies in the activities of the Court’s Secretariat is first of all the adoption of the relevant legal regulation, development of the necessary software, training of staff on its use, provision of the Court’s Secretariat with a sufficient number of technical resources, premises and equipment for effective performance of its functions. Digitization of all spheres of public life, in particular the progressive development of e-justice, should definitely affect the legal regulation of relevant processes in the Court’s Secretariat.

Bioethical challenges in postwar development aid: The Rwandan case study.

This article considers aspects of a development aid that provides medical support to strengthen pediatric orthopedics in Rwanda. We present part of the Afriquia foundation work, a nonprofit foundation from Poland involved in supporting the medical sector in Rwanda as a sign of global solidarity and the human right to health. The main foundation's activity is the treatment of orthopedic problems among Rwandan citizens. We present a case study of two children under the care of the Afiquia foundation. 11-year-old Seraphine treated due to the consequences of right tibia osteomyelitis and 11-year-old Lavi suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta. Both children were treated surgically in Poland due to Rwanda's lack of treatment possibilities. After the applied treatment, Seraphine walks correctly without crutches and can attend school and thrive among her peers. Lavi has not sustained any fragility fracture since the surgery in Poland. He is healthy and constantly ongoing his rehabilitation including gait training. The described cases initiated development aid in Rwanda, supplying hospitals with orthopedic implants and training medical staff. The growing number of humanitarian crises across the globe and the people affected requires increasing organizations involved in providing relief. The emphasis should be on global education, aiming to make the recipients reflect and prepare them to face humanitarian crises.

Experimental Studies of Pressure Pulsations in Draft Tube Diffuser of Pump-Turbine Models for Heads up to 200 m

Introduction. Increasing the share of balancing capacities to cover daily peaks in electricity consumption is one of the top priorities of the postwar development of Ukraine’s energy sector.Problem Statement. Today, power plant hydraulic turbines need both to increase effi ciency and to expand their operating range. For example, the new hydraulic units of the Dniester PSP shall operate in turbine mode in the range of 40—100% of rated capacity, while the four previous units operate in the range of 70—100%. This requirement can be met by increasing efficiency and reducing pulsations at low power output.Purpose. Based on studying the infl uence of blade spatial shape of a Francis pump-turbine runners on fl ow parthydrodynamics, to identify the patterns of pressure fluctuations distribution in draft tube diff user of the hydraulic unit model.Materials and Methods. Three options of models (the original and two modifi ed ones) have been studied onthe IMEP ECS-30 hydrodynamic test stand. The runner blades are made of PLA plastic by 3D printing. Pressurepulsations are measured by sensors at two points of draft tube diff user at a distance of 0.2 and 1.5 runner diameters from the runner bottom shroud.Results. Three modifi cations of the pump-turbine runner for heads up to 200 m have been designed and experimentally studied with the use of circumferential lean that diff er from the original version only in relative position of blade profiles. The analysis of obtained energy and pulsation characteristics of the models in turbine modehas shown that the model with the runner having a negative circular blade lean has the best performance. Conclusions. The determined influence of spatial shape of the runner blades on the energy and pulsation characteristics of the Francis pump-turbine model for heads up to 200 m has made it possible to increase its efficiency and to reduce the level of pressure fluctuations in the flow part.

FEATURES OF THE CONFIGURATION OF CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTERS

Today, the issue of energy supply and the implementation of ecological systems of electricity generation is relevant, including in the agricultural sector of the economy. This issue is important not only at the state level, but also at the level of the world community. The world's leading countries are actively implementing world-leading technologies for the decarbonization of the energy sector. One of the options for the introduction of alternative and renewable energy sources in the agricultural sector of the economy of the leading countries of the world is the use of photovoltaic systems. The use of modern sources of electrical energy is also inherent in the transport industry. One of the options for such implementation is the use of photovoltaic systems in electrical networks of electric transport and auxiliary systems and infrastructure complexes. Also, attention should be paid to modern global trends in the development of distributed energy systems, which are characterized to a large extent by the use of new progressive developments in power electronics. Also, attention should be paid to modern world trends in the development of distributed energy systems, which are characterized by the use of new progressive developments in power electronics, which are already used in various areas of the economy [1]. Therefore, network converters of electrical energy, which are operated as part of distributed generation systems and as part of complexes based on renewable sources of electrical energy, must meet the parameters of the network, and their control system must be adaptive to stochastic modes of network operation and modes of generation by renewable sources of electric energy. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to the synchronization of three-phase electrical energy converters with the electrical network to which they are connected, which must be ensured by a system for regulating their operation. It should be noted that the structures of control systems of network converters have a significant difference from the structures of control systems of autonomous converters, which directly concerns inverters. This state of affairs is connected with the peculiarity of the functioning of network inverters. Since the specified converters have a modulated sinusoidal voltage using PWM to form in accordance with the parameters of the network to which they are connected. Therefore, the issue of synthesizing a mathematical method that will simplify the development of an automatic control system and also optimize the computing resources of the power converter control controller for photovoltaic systems is relevant. On the basis of analytical data, it is possible to predict with full confidence the post-war development of Ukraine's economy based on the introduction of modern progressive technologies in the field of energy. To date, the sustainable development of the economic and energy component of Ukraine's economy is postponed. Meanwhile, electric power generation systems remain a priority in the context of not only implementation into existing power supply systems, but also relevant in the context of national energy security. The paper considers the use of Park's transformation in the development of control systems for network inverters of photovoltaic systems. The results of the research, which were conducted on inverters whose control systems were built using the proposed mathematical apparatus, confirm high control accuracy and efficiency, without spending a large amount of computing resources of the microcontroller. The proposed approach to building control systems for inverters of photovoltaic systems will allow to increase the efficiency of the operation of photovoltaic systems, which will make them more economically attractive for implementation in the agricultural sector of the economy.

The Impact of U.S. Foreign Aids on the Post-War Development of South Korea

The United States mainly exerted influence on the stability of the Korean regime and the historical development of the Korean Peninsula from the two aspects of military and economic aid, thus enabling the post-war Korean society to establish rapid development into a capitalist country. The topic of this article is how Syngman Rhee's government shaped South Korea's postwar development through U.S. foreign aid during and after the Korean War. The actions and decisions of the U.S. and South Korean governments during and after the Korean War influenced the path of development in Korea. The study found that the United States has aided South Korea both militarily and economically. The reason South Korea receives aid is for national reconstruction, political stability, and economic stability. Syngman Rhee's government maximized the use of foreign aid for these three goals and established the authority of its political position while achieving social development in South Korea.

Simultaneously ‘national medicine’ and ‘East Asian medicine’: A cross-boundary network of medical exchange in wartime East Asia

Abstract This article examines a transnational network of advocates for Kampō (traditional) medicine in Japan, occupied China, and Manchukuo during the Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945), shedding new light on collaborationism, Asianism, and the modernization of traditional medicine in East Asia. In the 1930s, despite deteriorating Sino-Japanese relations, the Kampō revival movement in Japan joined forces with the struggle to preserve traditional medicine in China. In 1938, the Association of East Asian Medicine was founded in Japan, gathering together Chinese, Korean, and Japanese advocates under the banner of ‘East Asian medicine’. This article delineates the evolution of what I call ‘medical Asianism’ and how it was institutionalized in different parts of the Japanese empire. Participants in this network differed in their priorities and ideological commitments, yet they tactfully utilized the Japanese imperial infrastructure and wartime circumstances to promote traditional medicine. Their work laid important intellectual and institutional foundations for the postwar development of traditional medicine across East Asia. This study also contributes to a more nuanced understandings of collaborationism. The type of collaboration examined in this article was preceded by a long history of intellectual exchange, based on a shared body of knowledge and morals, motivated by mutual empathy, and for a cause that was much valued in postwar Asia. As a result, unlike most Chinese collaborators who were prosecuted as ‘traitors’, protagonists in this study continued to prosper professionally and became valuable assets in the postwar rebuilding of Sino-Japanese relations.

Water security consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war and the post-war outlook

Russian forces have destroyed one-third of Ukraine’s freshwater storage since February 2022 to 2024. Potable, industrial and irrigation water supplies have been cut across the south and east of the country. Overall, social, economic and ecological damages are estimated in the tens of billions of $US, while the loss of Ukraine’s economic potential and necessary investments in restoration reach $600 billion. We consider the current eco-economic efficiency of irrigated crops, as well as damage to commercial and recreational fisheries including losses of littoral areas and spawning grounds. Alternative water supplies for the war-torn regions by construction of wells to tap groundwater are presented and justified; various scientific opinions and approaches to ecosystem management and options for the future reconstruction of the Kakhovka Reservoir are discussed; and, finally, strategic development options for the water sector are considered to ensure water security in the post-war development period.

ON THE NECESSITY OF ADOPTING THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR OVERCOMING THE EDUCATIONAL LOSSES AND EDUCATIONAL GAPS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The article presents the problems of overcoming of educational losses through the prism of normative regulation and planning of the post-war development of higher education in Ukraine. It is noted that in the conditions of hostilities, the problem of moving a significant number of participants of educational process to safer regions within Ukraine and abroad has become urgent. It is noted that the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine provides regulatory and legal support for the functioning of education and science system and issues orders on the securement of safe educational environment, the organization of education, the educational process, etc., which are not regulated by law during martial law, emergency or state of emergency (special period). The article proposes the development of the National Program for Overcoming the Educational Losses and Educational Gaps, which will be effective both during the period of martial law (special period) and after its end and will provide for the improvement of legislation, the definition of the terms “educational losses” and “educational gaps”, will establish the obligation of monitoring the quality of higher education, analysis and introduction of security components for higher education, in particular in the field of distance learning and components of psychological assistance for students, teachers and staff.

Formation of strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions to ensure the workforce capacity of the post-war industrial recovery: condition and prospects

Abstract The authors of the article justified the need for the formation and implementation of a strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions in order to create favorable conditions for ensuring workforce capacity for the post-war recovery of Ukraine's industry. The author's research is based on the structural-functional approach. Its purpose is to identify and justify the possibilities of forming a strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions to ensure the workforce capacity of the post-war industrial recovery based on the analysis of the condition and specifics of their activities and interaction under conditions of full-scale armed aggression. The content and logic of the author's research included the following: 1) assessment of the general state of the domestic industry, key challenges and threats affecting it under conditions of martial law; 2) identifying the dynamics of changes in the supply of labor to industry, existing sharp contradictions, as well as positive changes in the recovery of certain branches of industry; 3) determination of key guidelines for the renewal of the system of institutions and mechanisms that regulate employment in industry and affect the justification of priorities regarding the processes of formation of workforce capacity for the recovery of Ukrainian industry; 4) analysis of the current state of the system of collective agreement regulation, the activities of key partners of the partnership, the functions of the National Tripartite Socio-Economic Council and the activities of specialized state structures regarding the prospects of personnel support for the recovery of Ukrainian industry; 5) conceptualization of the vision of the formation of a strategic partnership between the state, employers and trade unions to ensure the workforce capacity for the post-war recovery of industry, with the definition of priority tasks. It is substantiated that the modernized system of social dialogue is the basic tool for achieving mutual agreement and synergy in the implementation of strategic partnership in Ukraine. This system should be aimed at solving strategically important issues regarding the stability of the national economy, ensuring the workforce capacity for the post-war development of the industrial sector. Key guidelines for updating the system of relevant institutes and mechanisms are: 1) focusing on the concept of decent work, following the principle of the International Labor Organization (ILO) – 'build back better', as well as not focusing on the indicators of the pre-war level, but rather on achieving a qualitatively new level of functioning of the economy, social labor sphere, Ukrainian industry; 2) implementation of the European integration course and ensuring compliance of the system of relevant institutes in the industry with EU requirements and standards. Keywords strategic partnership, post-war recovery, workforce capacity of Ukrainian industry, trade unions, employers, state, social dialogue

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РІВНЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТА АВІАЦІЙНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ДЛЯ ПІСЛЯВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article emphasizes that the question of researching the place of air transport in the aspect of multimodal transportation in the aspect of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine is relevant. An analysis of the pre-war dynamics of the development of the transport industry of Ukraine is presented, which showed the insufficient level of development of the transport infrastructure and the organization of transport operations for both the transit country. Directions and approaches to the implementation of elements of a multimodal transport system using air transport are presented. It is proposed for further implementation on the territory of Ukraine, the schemes of multimodal transportation with the involvement of air transport, which are popular in the world practice. The proposed directions for the use of air transport in relation to cargo transportation in the aspect of multimodal transportation in the conditions of Ukraine have been determined. The study identifies the peculiarities of the integration of air transport into the transport system during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. For the development of aviation transport in the context of the development of transportation on the territory of Ukraine, it is necessary first of all to determine the strategic directions of the post-war development of the transport industry of Ukraine and potential resource opportunities for their solution. A method of increasing the energy efficiency and reliability of the power supply of aviation enterprises is proposed, which will allow performing a high-quality reconfiguration of the existing energy networks of aviation enterprises and performing a high-quality design of new modern infrastructure networks of the aviation industry.