Postoperative Relapse In Patients Research Articles

Prognostic evaluation of relapse based on squamous cell carcinoma antigen, CXCR2, and CD44V6 blood levels in patients with Stage I–II squamous cell lung cancer

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, predominantly exists as non-small cell lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of cases and comprising adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and large cell carcinoma as the three most prevalent histological subtypes. This study focused on investigating pre- and post-operative concentrations of SCC antigen in blood serum, as well as the percentage of CXCR2-containing lymphocytes and CD44v6-containing monocytes in blood cell populations among patients with Stages I–II squamous cell lung cancer (SCLC) within 1 year after tumor resection. The primary objective was to assess their potential for predicting relapse. The study cohort comprised 57 patients (32 men and 25 women) with newly diagnosed squamous cell lung cancer (21 at stage I and 36 at stage II). Following tumor resection, categorized as R0 in terms of surgical intervention, all parameters were examined before surgery and at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Analysis revealed that the probability of relapse could be accurately predicted, ranging from 68.4% to 89.5%, based on differences in SCC antigen concentration, the percentage of lymphocytes with CXCR2, and monocytes with the CD44v6 receptor during various post-operative intervals. Subsequent regression analysis and the formulation of a combined model incorporating the above-mentioned parameters led to an enhanced predictive value for tumor recurrence, reaching 96.5% accuracy (with specificity at 95.6% and sensitivity at 100%). These results indicate the potential utility of the combined model as an additional marker for predicting postoperative relapse in patients with Stage I–II SCLC.

Деякі аспекти профілактики післяопераційного рецидиву у хворих на вузлові форми зоба

Актуальність. Щорічне зростання поширеності вузлових форм зоба призводить до збільшення кількості оперативних втручань, а отже, і до зростання кількості післяопераційних ускладнень. За даними різних авторів, від 3 до 80 % хворих на вузлові форми зоба оперуються повторно з приводу рецидиву. Такий широкий діапазон може бути зумовлений у тому числі відсутністю уніфікованої системи моніторингу, прогнозування та профілактики рецидиву захворювання у післяопераційному періоді. Мета дослідження: оцінити прогностичні можливості розробленої шкали прогнозування ризику рецидиву вузлових форм зоба. Матеріали та методи. Матеріалом ретроспективного дослідження стали 100 медичних карт хворих на вузлові форми зоба. До основної (І) групи ввійшли 40 осіб, які були повторно оперовані з приводу рецидиву зоба; до порівняльної (ІІ) — 60 пацієнтів із безрецидивним перебігом захворювання. Клінічний матеріал проспективного дослідження становили 80 хворих на різні форми зоба. До основної (першої) групи було віднесено 40 хворих на вузловий зоб, у яких при виборі обсягу операції використовували шкалу прогнозування ризику рецидиву вузлових форм зоба, до порівняльної (другої) групи — 40 пацієнтів, при плануванні операції яких даною шкалою не користувалися. Результати. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз звернув увагу на те, що перше хірургічне втручання у 80 % пацієнтів із рецидивним зобом було економного характеру, тоді як для 90 % із них доцільним було виконання радикальних операцій. У 60 % хворих із безрецидивним перебігом було виконано гемі- чи тиреоїдектомію, у той час як тільки 45 % із них потребували таких операцій. При проспективному дослідженні протягом спостереження було встановлено, що в 2 пацієнтів першої групи та в 12 пацієнтів другої групи нами було відмічено рецидив захворювання. Висновки. Розроблена шкала прогнозування ризику рецидиву вузлових форм зоба є ефективним методом профілактики рецидиву вузлових форм зоба.

A Posterior Rotational Flap Technique Using Distraction Osteogenesis for Unilateral Lambdoid Craniosynostosis.

The craniofacial asymmetry seen in unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis may not be effectively treated by posterior cranial vault remodeling, endoscopic suturectomy, and helmet therapy, or suturectomy and distraction osteogenesis alone due to limitations in soft-tissue envelope expansion and relapse of the deformity. The authors report a series of unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis patients treated with a posterior rotational cranial-flap technique using internal distraction osteogenesis. Posterior cranial vault reconstruction combined with internal distraction was used, aided by preoperative virtual surgical planning. An in situ posterior rotational flap osteotomy was utilized to maximize dural preservation. Primary outcome measures included age-adjusted volume change and age-adjusted percent volume change per mm distraction. Distraction characteristics and perioperative characteristics were also assessed. A total of 5 patients were identified. Mean predistraction intracranial volume was 1087.5 cc (SD = 202.3 cc) and mean postdistraction included intracranial volume was 1266.1cc (SD = 131.8cc). Mean age-adjusted percent included intracranial volume change was 14.1% (SD = 9.6%), and mean percent intracranial volume change per mm distraction was 0.43%/mm distraction (SD = 0.37%/mm distraction). One patient developed a distractor site infection postoperatively that was treated successfully with oral antibiotics. All patients had a Whitaker score of 1 at one year follow up. Posterior cranial vault remodeling using osteogenesis and a rotational cranial flap technique with dural preservation can be effectively used to maximize bone flap viability and limit postoperative relapse in patients with unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis. Long term analysis as well as comparison to open techniques will need to be interrogated.

CD133 Expression Predicts Relapse in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

The aim of the present study was to explore the association between CD133 expression and postoperative relapses in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We retrospectively examined 52 patients with LARC (cT3-4, Nany, M0) who received oxaliplatin-based NAC before surgery. CD133 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and divided into low and high expression groups. High CD133 expression was observed in 22 patients (42.3%). Patients with high CD133 expression had more frequent vessel invasion and relapse than those with low CD133 expression (p=0.013 and p=0.036, respectively). Comparing the low with high CD133 expression groups, the 4-year relapse-free survival rates were 82.2% vs. 46.3% (p=0.009). Multivariate analysis indicated that CD133 expression was an independent risk factor for relapse (HR=3.138; 95%CI=1.046-9.412; p=0.041). CD133 expression may be a predictive biomarker for postoperative relapse in patients with LARC who received NAC before surgery.

Myxoid stroma is associated with postoperative relapse in patients with stage II colon cancer

BackgroundFibrosis surrounding cancer cells has been shown to affect cancer cell metastatic behavior. The present study aimed to explore the utility of myxoid stroma as a predictive factor for postoperative relapse in patients with stage II colon cancer.MethodsThe present study retrospectively investigated 169 patients who underwent curative surgical resection of stage II colon cancer. The fibrotic stroma was classified according to Ueno’s criteria, and the patients were divided into the myxoid (MY) group and the non-MY (NMY) group. We also recorded tumor budding (TB) and investigated the combination of MY and TB for postoperative relapse. Postoperative survival was also explored.ResultsThirty-two (18.9%) patients had MY. MY was significantly associated with tumor budding (TB) and postoperative relapse (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The 5-year RFS rates in MY group and NMY group were 52.1 and 94.6% (p < 0.0001), and the 5-year OS rates in MY group and NMY group were 74.6 and 93.3% (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that both MY and TB were significant risk factors for postoperative relapse (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively), and that only TB was a significant risk factor for OS (p = 0.043). Furthermore, compared with patients with either one of MY or TB, patients with both MY and TB had postoperative relapse more frequently (11.4% vs. 53.8%).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that MY is a predictive marker for postoperative relapse in patients with stage II colon cancer.

Circulating Tumor DNA as a Potential Marker to Detect Minimal Residual Disease and Predict Recurrence in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death, partly due to the high recurrence rates for patients with PDAC. Current postoperative surveillance methods, including monitoring of clinical symptoms, tumor markers, and CT imaging, lack sensitivity and specificity for minimal residual disease (MRD). We investigated whether the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could identify MRD and predict relapse in postoperative patients with PDAC. In this study, we performed panel-captured sequencing to detect somatic mutations. Matched tissue samples were obtained to verify mutation. A total of 27 patients and 65 plasma samples were included. Among the somatic mutations, KRAS and TP53 were the most recurrent genes in both tissue and plasma samples. The detectable rate of ctDNA increased with the stage of PDAC. The maximal variant allele fraction (VAF) of ctDNA had a positive correlation with tumor largest diameter (p = 0.0101). Patients with ctDNA-positive status postoperatively had a markedly reduced disease-free survival (DFS) compared to those with ctDNA-negative status (HR, 5.20; p = 0.019). Positive vascular invasion significantly influenced disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.036), and positive postoperative ctDNA status was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 3.60; 95% CI, 1.15–11.28; p = 0.028). Postoperative ctDNA detection provides strong evidence of MRD and identifies patients with a high risk of relapse. ctDNA detection is a promising approach for personalized patient management during postoperative follow-up.

Effect of sorafenib and prophylactic TACE for prevention of postoperative relapse in patients with liver cancer combined with microvascular invasion

Objective: To study the effect of sorafenib and prophylactic transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for prevention of postoperative relapse in patients with liver cancer combined with microvascular invasion (MVI) after using radical hepatectomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 137 cases that underwent radical hepatectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2015 to January 2018. Clinical data of liver cancer patients with MVI were diagnosed by postoperative pathology. General data of the three groups were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate the tumor-free survival rate. COX proportional hazards-model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of liver cancer with MVI recurrence. Counting data was compared by x(2) test between groups, and log-rank test was used to compare the tumor-free survival rates. Results: A, B, and C groups had 49, 36, and 52 cases, respectively. General clinicopathological data of the three groups were not statistically significant. The postoperative tumor-free survival rates at 1-, 2-, and 3-years were 71.4%, 51.0%, 38.8%, 86.1%, 75.0%, 66.7%, and 82.7%, 75.0%, and 59.6% respectively in A, B, and C groups. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model showed that patients' age (HR = 0.622, P = 0.046), maximum tumor diameter (HR = 1.661, P = 0.033), prophylactic TACE (HR = 0.544, P = 0.019), and postoperative use of sorafenib (HR = 0.419, 0.222, 0.791, P = 0.007) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of liver cancer with MVI. Conclusion: Sorafenib or prophylactic TACE use can significantly reduce the recurrence rate within 3 years after radical surgery in patients with liver cancer who were confirmed to have MVI by postoperative pathology.

Circulating tumor DNA analysis to detect minimal residual disease and predict recurrence in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.

e16799 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death, partly due to the high recurrence rates for patients with resectable PDAC. Current postoperative surveillance methods including monitoring of clinical symptoms, tumor markers and CT imaging, lack sensitivity and specificity to identify minimal residual disease (MRD). Methods: We investigated whether the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could identify MRD and predict relapse in postoperative patients with PDAC. In this study, we performed panel-captured sequencing to detect somatic mutations. Matched tissue samples were obtained to verify mutation. Results: A total of 27 patients and 65 plasma samples were included. Among the somatic mutations, KRAS and TP53 were the most recurrent genes in both tissue and plasma samples. The detectable rate of ctDNA increased with the stage of PDAC. The maximal variant allele fraction (VAF) of ctDNA had a positive correlation with tumor largest diameter (p = 0.0101). Patients with ctDNA-positive status postoperatively had a markedly reduced disease-free survival (DFS) compared to those with ctDNA-negative status (HR, 5.20; p = 0.019). Positive vascular invasion significantly influenced disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.036), and positive postoperative ctDNA status was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 3.60; 95% CI, 1.15-11.28; p = 0.028). Conclusions: Postoperative ctDNA detection provides strong evidence of MRD and identifies patients with a high risk of relapse. ctDNA detection is a promising approach for personalized patient management during postoperative follow-up.

The effect of botulinum toxin-A injection into the masseter muscles on prevention of plate fracture and post-operative relapse in patients receiving orthognathic surgery

BackgroundBotulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection into muscle reduces muscular power and may prevent post-operative complication after orthognathic surgery. The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate BTX-A injection into the masseter muscle on the prevention of plate fracture and (2) to compare post-operative relapse between the BTX-A injection group and the no injection group.MethodsSixteen patients were included in this study. Eight patients received BTX-A injection bilaterally, and eight patients served as control. All patients received bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for the mandibular setback and additional surgery, such as LeFort I osteotomy or genioplasty. Post-operative plate fracture was recorded. SNB angle, mandibular plane angle, and gonial angle were used for post-operative relapse.ResultsTotal number of fractured plates in patients was 2 out of 16 plates in the BTX-A injection group and that was 8 out of 16 plates in the no treatment group (P = 0.031). However, there were no significant differences in post-operative changes in SNB angle, mandibular plane angle, and gonial angle between groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBTX-A injection into the masseter muscle could reduce the incidence of plate fracture.

Serum glutathione peroxidase 3 as a biomarker of postoperative relapse in patients with lung cancer

Background: Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) which is an extracellular secretory protein is down regulated in patients with early stage lung cancer. We examined the usefulness of serum GPx3 as a biomarker for monitoring of relapse after surgery. Methods: We prospectively collected serial serum samples at baseline, 3 months (3m), 6 months (6m), and 12 months (12m) after operation from the patients who underwent surgery during the year 2013. GPx3 levels were measured three times per sample using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the mean values were analyzed by t-test and paired t-test. Results: A total of 170 (100 adenocarcinoma, 41 squamous cell carcinoma, 29 others) patients were analyzed in this study. Mean age was 64.1 years old (range, 39-80) and 27 (15.9%) out of 165 lung cancer patients were confirmed relapse during the median follow-up period of 597.5 days (range, 5-938). The mean GPx3 value at postoperative 6m was significantly elevated in relapsed group than control group (7.90 ± 2.44 mg/mL vs. 6.99 ± 1.79 mg/mL, p1⁄40.047). The mean GPx3 differences were significantly higher in relapsed group than control group at 3m (-0.38 ± 0.39 mg/mL vs. -0.21 ± 0.36 mg/mL, p1⁄40.044), 6m (-0.37 ± 0.42 mg/mL vs. -0.19 ± 0.30 mg/mL, p1⁄40.024), and 12m (-0.38 ± 0.42 mg/mL vs. -0.19 ± 0.28 mg/mL, p1⁄40.012). The mean time to relapse was significantly shorter in high level of GPx3 group at postoperative 3m (694.83 ± 31.86 days vs. 839.05 ± 24.31 days, p1⁄40.007). The mean time to relapse was significantly shorter in high GPx3 difference group between baseline and postoperative 3m (729.76 ± 34.89 days vs. 838.18 ± 24.03 days, p1⁄40.002). Conclusion: Serum mean GPx3 value at postoperative 6m and the mean GPx3 difference were significantly elevated in relapsed lung cancer. The mean time to relapse was significantly shorter in high level of GPx3 group at postoperative 3m. More large scaled validation studies are warranted.

Residents' journal review

Residents' journal review

Predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in early relapse of colorectal cancer patients after curative resection

Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the predominant angiogenic factor. Recently, there was a consistent trend of poorer survival rates in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of earlier relapse. The purpose of this study was to investigate novel predictors of early relapse in stage I-III CRC and further to determine their correlation with disease outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological features and VEGF expression by immunohistochemical staining in 100 stage I-III CRC patients undergoing curative resection to identify predictors of postoperative early relapse. Among 100 patients, 40 patients were classified into early relapse group, and 60 patients were categorized into non-early relapse group. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vascular invasion (P = 0.048), perineural invasion (P = 0.042), VEGF overexpression (P = 0.023), and high postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (P = 0.004) were independent predictors of early relapse. Additionally, we found that with more predictors such as the combined incidence of vascular invasion, perineural invasion, VEGF overexpression, and postoperative CEA levels are involved, the incidence of early postoperative relapse increases. Moreover, VEGF overexpression predicted not only early postoperative relapse but also disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.002). This study suggests that VEGF overexpression is an important predictor of early postoperative relapse in patients with stage I-III CRC and may help identify patients who would benefit from intensive follow-up and therapeutic programs.

上顎劣成長を伴った片側性完全口唇口蓋裂患者に対する上下顎移動術および骨延長術の顎顔面形態と後戻りに関する比較検討

In conventional orthognathic surgery, Le Fort I osteotomy （L1）, sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy （SSRO）, and two-jaw surgery （L1+SSRO） have been used to correct severe reversed occlusion caused by maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate. However, these methods produce a limited amount of movement for osteotomized jaw bone, and postoperative relapse has also been problematic. Maxillary distraction osteogenesis has attracted attention in recent years as a method that improves both the amount of jaw bone movement and postoperative relapse. We examined changes in maxillofacial condition and postoperative relapse in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. In addition, we compared patients who underwent L1+SSRO with those who underwent maxillary distraction osteogenesis.Materials and methods: The subjects were 14 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated in the Maxillofacial Surgery of Tokyo Medical and Dental University from 1992 through 2005. Five patients underwent L1+SSRO conventional orthognathic surgery. Nine patients underwent maxillary distraction osteogenesis （4 RED cases and 5 Zürich cases）. Their maxillofacial conditions were examined on lateral cephalograms before surgery, immediately after surgery （just after distraction was completed）, and more than 6 months after L1+SSRO surgery （more than 12 months after distraction）.Results: Preoperatively, the SNA was less than -1 S.D. in all 14 patients （100 ％）, who all had maxillary hypoplasia. The SNB was less than -1 S.D. in 3 patients （21.4 ％）, within 1 S.D. in 10 patients （71.4 ％）, and more than 1 S.D. in 1 patients （7.1 ％）. In patients who underwent L1+SSRO, SNA averaged 72.3 ± 4.3 ° before surgery and increased to 75.2 ± 3.6 ° more than 6 months after surgery. However, no patient was included within 1 S.D. after surgery. In patients who received maxillary distraction osteogenesis, the SNA averaged 72.5 ± 5.0 ° before surgery and increased to 79.3 ± 5.1 ° more than 12 months after distraction. Five of these 9 patients were included within 1 S.D. after distraction. The mean distance of maxillary advancement was 4.8 mm in L1, 7.3 mm in the Zürich system, and 10.6 mm in the RED system. The relapse rate was 24.5 ％ of patients in L1, 12.7 ％ in the Zürich system, and 16.6 ％ in the RED system.Conclusion: In orthognathic surgery for severe maxillary hypoplasia in patients with cleft lip and palate, maxillary distraction osteogenesis is more effective than conventional orthognathic surgery.