Post-test Comparison Research Articles

Efficacy of an anti-bullying video literacy program in Pakistani primary school children.

With a scarcity of research looking at violent and extremist tendencies in primary school children in Pakistan, this study aimed to look at the effects of emotional resilience education through the means of cartoon-based learning. Children have a limited attention span and research on video/cartoon-based literacy projects has indicated greater efficacy with more retention and engagement. The cartoon based on the theme of anti-bullying was used in a 6-week intervention program in an experimental design setup with 120 experimental and 40 control group students recruited from the Islamabad/Rawalpindi area (ages 9-11). The behaviours and awareness about the concepts of physical and verbal bullying, coercion and damaging others' property, as well as qualitative information about the cartoon themes were assessed before and after the program for pre- and post-test comparison. The cartoon was accompanied with teaching aids, worksheets and activity-based learning. The results indicated that only 3.3% students were aware about bullying and its various types to begin with and after intervention 98.7% understood the concept clearly. Before the intervention, 65.8% students didn't understand that they were bullies - after the intervention it reduced to 22.5% who thought they were not bullies. Effectiveness of the results from this video literacy program will enable development of more emotional resilience education courses in the curriculum to create a more resilient society in the long run and curb bullying in schools.

Aligning Leadership Education: Linking Interpersonal Skills Development to Business Needs

A disconnect has long existed between what is typically taught in management education programs and what real-world organizations seek in their leadership candidates, particularly regarding interpersonal skills. Primary complaints from the business community revolve around issues of curriculum relevance and delivery methodologies that do not facilitate the transfer of skills learned in the classroom to the workplace. A review of the literature yields very few examples of business programs that have added courses, or topics within existing courses, that address interpersonal skills. We describe a graduate-level course designed to intentionally develop interpersonal skills to meet the needs of local hiring managers, maximize organizational outcomes, and enhance leaders’ career opportunities. The course is delivered via active, experiential instructional methodologies to facilitate the transfer of new knowledge and skills to the workplace. A pre- and post-test comparison of students’ results on a competency-based behavioral model of emotional intelligence showed an increase in students’ scores, indicating that the course has been effective in developing students’ practical interpersonal skills. This article describes the fundamental design and delivery elements of this successful leadership course that can be replicated and implemented at other universities to more effectively align what students learn with what organizations need.

How handheld use is connected to learning-related factors and academic achievement: Meta-analysis and research synthesis

Handhelds (e.g., cell phones, tablets) are promising learning tools, so they are now used in formal classroom settings in many educational institutions around the world. Previous meta-analyses have focused predominantly on the direct effects of handhelds on academic achievement. From a psychological perspective, however, achievement is the outcome of a complex and multifaceted process involving adaptive cognitions and motivation for learning. While these factors are also themselves desirable learning outcomes, previous meta-analyses have neglected the effect of handheld use on these outcomes. This meta-analysis is the first to synthesize how the use of handhelds in formal educational contexts is associated with a broad range of motivational (e.g., intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy) and other learning-related factors (cognitive load, satisfaction with learning, attitude towards learning) beyond academic achievement. The question how handhelds can be used most effectively in learning settings is also addressed by considering studies’ learning designs. We included 59 samples (N = 4259) in 58 studies published between 1998 and 2021. Only studies with an experimental or quasi-experimental research design providing pre- and/or post-test data and comparisons between experimental and if available control groups were included. We found overall moderate to high effect sizes for learning-related factors (gs between .41 and .77) and for academic achievement (g = .71). None of the presumed moderating variables (handheld types, learning designs, students’ age, gender) significantly explained heterogeneity in the respective outcomes. Our findings demonstrate a broad range of positive effects of handheld use thereby implying a multicriterial, sustainable impact on educational trajectories.

Evaluating Virtual and Inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasingly frequent disorder that is likely to become the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide. It significantly degrades the quality of life of patients affected and poses a significant financial burden to the healthcare systems providing treatment and rehabilitation. Consequently, our study's purpose was to compare conventional inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with virtual (online) PR using a mobile phone application. During a three-month period, two groups of patients followed the research protocol by participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program administered and supervised by a physical therapist five times per week. A number of respiratory variables were examined before and after the test. At the end of the study period, a total of 72 patients completed the rehabilitation in the inpatient group, respectively 58 in the online group. It was observed that post-test comparison between patients undergoing the traditional and online rehabilitation methods did not show any significant differences. However, the calculated mean differences between pre-test and post-test results were significantly higher in favor of the virtual method. The most significant variations were encountered in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (6.6% vs. 8.5%, p-value < 0.001), 6-min walking test (6MWT) (6.7% vs. 9.4%, p-value < 0.001), and COPD assessment test (CAT) values (4.8 vs. 6.2, p-value < 0.001), respectively. However, the maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) variation was significantly higher in patients undergoing the traditional rehabilitation method, from an average of 4.1% to 3.2% (p-value < 0.001). In this preliminary study, the online pulmonary rehabilitation program proved non-inferiority to the traditional method, with significantly better results in several measurements. Additional studies using larger cohorts of patients and longer exposure to the online rehabilitation program are required to validate these findings.

Assessment of High School Students’ Learning and Development of Qualities and Competencies: A Case Study

This study aims to assess high school students' learning outcomes, their achievement of goals and fulfilling academic requirements and how the entire teaching and learning process takes place. The study, consisting of an experimental group and a control group was conducted for pre-test and post-test comparisons of the academic performance of 88 10th grade students. 44 students were selected as the experimental group that underwent a specific teaching strategy to monitor their development of qualities and competencies in one semester, and the remaining 44 students acted as the control group. The data collected after the tests were analyzed using SPSS software (V20). The results showed that the students in the experimental group had better academic results than those in the control group. The findings of this study have implications for policy, further research as well as approaches for the assessment of students’ development of qualities and competencies in Vietnam.

Effects of coaching on Universal Design for Learning implementation

PurposeThis paper examines instructional coaching as a means to support teachers at all levels in primary and secondary schools in implementing new and innovative practices using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework as a design guide.Design/methodology/approachThis mixed-methods study compared the impact of an instructional coaching intervention around the implementation of the UDL framework on educators versus the UDL implementation efforts of educators who did not receive the coaching intervention. Coached participants shared their experiences with the coaching cycle. These qualitative data were collected through teacher interviews, self-assessments, and observations. The data assisted in the interpretation of the quantitative findings from a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test comparison group design.FindingsThe results of this study revealed positive outcomes for teachers in knowledge and application of UDL, although not at statistically significant levels. The qualitative data collected supported the positive gains and revealed that teachers valued and changed their practices from the use of coaching as they navigated the implementation of UDL in their learning environments.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation to be noted includes the district site that participated in this study had used the UDL framework for several years and maintained high expectations for teachers to increase their UDL-aligned practices each year. Therefore, all teachers who participated in this study were under the same district evaluative expectations to participate in professional development at some level to increase proficiency with UDL implementation, whereas a district in the beginning stages of UDL implementation might serve as a better gauge of growth. Additionally, the control participants were self-identified and not randomly assigned.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first conducted that investigates the effect of instructional coaching on teachers' increased understanding and implementation of the UDL framework. This study examines instructional coaching as a stand-alone professional development in supporting teachers' use of UDL in design-inclusive classrooms. Written into US law, the UDL framework is a scientifically valid framework that supports teachers with the design of flexible and accessible classrooms for an increasingly diverse population of students.

Effects of Eight-Week Circuit Training with Core Exercises on Performance in Adult Male Soccer Players.

Core exercises have been widely promoted in the last 25 years. However, the scientific debate about its efficacy for improving individual and team sports performance is still open. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effects of circuit training with a core exercise program on physical performance in competitive amateur soccer players. The training was conducted during the off-season period, two times per week for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-evaluations were conducted using the following tests: Y-Balance Test (YB), standing long jump (SLJ), medicine ball chest press (MBC), curl-up (CU), and Illinois Agility Test (IAT). A total of 19 adults were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 11, age 22 years, weight 71.2 ± 4.8 kg, height 174 ± 5.8 cm) and a control group (CG, n = 8, age 22 years, weight 73.2 ± 4.1 Kg, height 176 ± 6.3 cm). The EG showed significant improvements in lower and upper body strength, core endurance and balance, whereas the CG did not report significant changes in the pre- and post-test comparison. Despite study limitations, our positive results show that circuit training with core exercises appears to be a good strategy for performance improvement in adult soccer players.

Effectiveness of Tailored Telerehabilitation on Functional Capacity and Balance In Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Pediatric recipients after a successful kidney transplant (KT) are encouraged to return to normal life as they are in a growing phase and have physical inactivity during the dialysis period. However, chronic use of immunosuppression and physical inactivity negatively affects functional capacity and balance even after the surgery. Exercise training appears to be safe and promising in this population. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to explore the effects of tailored telerehabilitation on functional capacity and balance in pediatric patients with KT. Methodology: A total of 8 children with stable graft function with a minimum 1 year of transplantation, from one of the tertiary hospitals of western India, were randomly allocated into two groups via enveloped method: standard care (SC) and telerehabilitation group (TRG). The SC group received standard care with no change in their regular activities. TRG received tailored telerehabilitation as a playful activity for 45 minutes twice a week for six weeks. Outcome measures include 10 repetition maximum, a pediatric balance scale, and a six-minute walking test (6MWT) to assess muscle strength (quadriceps group), balance, and functional capacity respectively. Result: There were statistically significant improvements in the post-test 6MWT and muscle strength in TRG except for balance. The post-test comparison between the two groups revealed a significant difference in favor of TRG in all measured variables. Conclusion: Tailored Tele-rehabilitation contributed to the improvement of functional capacity and muscle strength in pediatric patients with kidney transplantation. KEY WORDS: kidney transplantation, physical activity, functional capacity, balance.

A formative evaluation of an adolescent online E-cigarette prevention program

PurposeThis study is a formative evaluation of an adolescent online e-cigarette prevention program (Clearing the Vapor) giving attention to identifying higher risk adolescent populations, confirming the theory of change, and assessing short-term outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation was conducted using online pre-test and post-test survey data collected from adolescent program participants age 10–18 from 2019 to 2021. Analyses included risk ratios on perceived risk, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions across demographic variables. Pre-test and post-test comparisons were conducted with analysis involving the t-test and the McNemar test.FindingsPrevalence of e-cigarette use was higher among males, older adolescents, and in racial/ethnic groups other than Whites and Asians. Adolescents with lower confidence to say “no” were more likely to use e-cigarettes. Greater perception of harm by using e-cigarettes increased the likelihood of adolescents feeling competent to explain to peers the harmful effects of e-cigarettes. Mean change in commitment levels to not use e-cigarettes increased for males and females, all ages, and racial/ethnic groups other than non-Hispanic Blacks and American Indians. Improvement in non-Hispanic Whites was significantly greater than for non-Hispanic Blacks, American Indians, and Hispanics.Originality/valueImprovement in programming should give careful attention to the incorporation of more prevention activities and to materials tailored specifically to racial/ethnic participants. As a theory of change, findings support the utility of the Clearing the Vape prevention programming to address perceptions of harm that e-cigarettes are safe, confidence in explaining the harmful effects of use, and the development of skills to resist use.

Online Health Education's Influence on Productive-Age's Population Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Hypertension

Introduction: Hypertension, the silent killer, affects around one billion people worldwide. Therefore, efforts are necessary to raise public awareness. Objective: This research aims to assess the interactive online health promotion and education?s impact on hypertension public health domains in the productive-age population in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Method: This quasi-experimental study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding awareness of hypertension based on the comparison of pre-tests and post-test results after a virtual educational intervention. The study results were gathered using pre-test and post-test questionnaires via Google Forms. The knowledge domain was compared using a paired t-test, while the attitude and practice domains were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Thirteen participants took part in a three-session educational intervention delivered virtually via Zoom Cloud Meetings. The research disclosed substantial differences between the knowledge and practice domain's pre-test and post-test mean scores (57.69 vs. 66.92; p = 0.046; and 31 vs. 32; p = 0.020). However, an examination of the attitude domain revealed indifference (33 vs. 34; p = 0.306). The impact of intervention via interactive online learning was demonstrated in this study by considerable improvements in knowledge and practice. However, the result of participants' attitudes did not alter significantly in this study. Conclusion: This study implies that providing public health promotion and education through online platforms can be used to improve hypertension awareness. Further better-designed and wider-scaled studies with a control group are needed to confirm our findings.

Effect of Supplementary Physical Training on Vertical Jump Height in Professional Ballet Dancers.

Dancers require many specific dance skills of a ballistic nature. The design of supplementary training to improve the strength of the lower limbs and jump height is a relevant area of research. The purpose of this study was (1)to compare the effect of plyometric training versus combined training on countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and sauté in first position (sauté) height and (2)to observe whether changes in CMJ and SJ were associated with changes in sauté in female and male dancers. Eighty-one classical professional ballet dancers (41 women and 40 men, age = 22.9 [3.7]y, body mass = 59.7 [8.6]kg, height = 167.4 [7.3]cm) were divided into a control group and 2 experimental groups: plyometric training and combined training. All groups followed their common routine of training regarding classes and rehearsal practice, whereas the experimental groups added 2 sessions (1 h per session) for 9 weeks of supplementary training. Significant increases (medium to large effect size) in CMJ, SJ, and sauté height were found in the pretest versus posttest comparisons for both experimental groups. Significant, very large correlations were found between the magnitude of improvement in sauté and the magnitude of improvement in CMJ and SJ. Plyometric and combined training programs are effective ways to improve jumping ability in professional dancers. The improvement in CMJ and SJ has a good transference on sauté `performance. These findings support the use of traditional training methods to improve jump height in specific and nonspecific ballet jumping ability.

Effects of a compassion-based program on the grief experienced by caregivers of people suffering from dementia: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundDementia is a syndrome that reduces the cognitive and functional abilities of the brain increasing the need for care. The caregivers of these patients are mostly their family members. The great care burden causes devastating effects on the health of family caregivers and the grief experienced by these family caregivers is considerable. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a compassion-based program on the grief experienced by caregivers of people suffering from dementia.MethodThe present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial in which 70 family caregivers of people suffering from dementia were sampled through the block method and they were divided into experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire and grief inventory that was completed before, a week and a month after the implementation of the compassion-based program in five sessions virtually by sending offline content to the experimental group. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using the repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean comparison of scores of the grief experienced in the experimental group between pretest and posttest and follow-up, unlike the control group, showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean scores of the experimental and the control groups were significantly different in terms of experiencing mourning and all of its fields (p < 0.001). The mean comparison of post-test and follow-up showed that the effect of a compassion-based program at the follow-up stage has been mitigated.ConclusionsAccording to the study results, the compassion-based program reduced the grief experienced by the family caregivers of people suffering from dementia. Nevertheless, the effect of a compassion-based program has been reduced over time. This program can be a good guide for providing society-oriented services to the health team.Trial registrationThis study is registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with decree code:IRCT20190712044181N4 on 02/06/2020.

Who benefits and appreciates more? An evaluation of Online Service-Learning Projects in Mainland China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Previous studies have reported the feasibility and benefits of online service learning, but little is known about who benefits more from online SL and who is more satisfied. This study addressed these questions based on an evaluation of online service learning projects implemented in Xi’an and Chengdu, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pretest–posttest comparison showed significant positive changes in two intended learning outcomes (i.e., positive youth development qualities and service leadership qualities) and life satisfaction before and after the service among participating students in the Xi’an project. Cross-lagged modeling based on Xi’an and Chengdu data revealed that students with better initial positive youth development qualities tended to show increased service leadership qualities and life satisfaction after the service, while initial service leadership qualities did not predict positive youth development qualities and life satisfaction after the service. However, the two-line test indicated that some of these relationships might be curvilinear. Finally, Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated that students who experienced greater changes in positive youth development qualities and service leadership qualities reported better appraisal of course qualities, teacher performance, and course effectiveness, while multiple regression analyses showed the unique effects of change in service leadership qualities (but not change in positive youth development qualities) on the perception of teacher performance and course effectiveness. Altogether, this study not only showcases the potential benefits of online SL, but also provides initial evidence suggesting the variation in (perceived) benefits by students’ psychosocial competencies and learning experiences.

The Effect of Education Model in Physical Education on Student Learning Behavior.

This research explores the effect of the sports education model implemented in physical education on college students' learning motivation and outcomes. The sports education model was compared with traditional physical education teaching as a control group. Participants were 60 college students in two classes. The ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) Learning Motivation Scale, the Physical Education Affection Scale and a learning sheet were used for pre- and post-test comparison. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the post-test data using a dependent sample t-test and an independent sample t-test. The study found that: (1) the students in the sports education model group showed clear progress in learning motivation, affection, cognition and behavior, whereas the students in the traditional physical education group showed clear progress in cognition but no significant improvement in learning motivation, affection or behavior; (2) the sports education model group is clearly superior to the traditional physical education group in terms of learning motivation, affection, cognition, and behavior. This research shows that students are highly receptive to the sports education model, with a positive attitude and a high degree of motivation to learn to actively change their sports behavior. The sports education model brings several benefits: (1) it is an effective teaching method; (2) students' sense of responsibility, leadership and participation can be improved; (3) the preliminary homework and course structure descriptions take more time to compose, but can better guide students' motivation for learning physical education and can enhance teachers' professional growth.

EFFECT OF HIGH INTENSITY CIRCUIT TRAINING IN PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE VALUE AMONG MALE YOUNG ADULTS

Background: Lung function has mutual correlation with exercise. Abnormal lung function can affect physical ability to exercise. Otherwise, exercise can increase lung function. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is a parameter to observe the lung function. High Intensity Circuit Training (HICT) is a combination of aerobic and endurance exercise which has total duration only 7-minutes long. High Intensity Circuit Training can be a good choice for young adults because it does not need much time, easy to be practiced, and beneficial for physical health as well. Objective: To analyze a significant increase in PEFR value after High Intensity Circuit Training for 8 weeks. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test comparison group method. Samples were taken purposively from medical student of Diponegoro University (n=56, age=18-21 years old), who were divided into two groups, the control and training group. Peak flow meter was used to measure PEFR value before and after intervention. The data were analysed using Paired T test and Independent T test. Results: A significant increase of PEFR value was found after High Intensity Circuit Training for 8 weeks (p=0.000). The mean difference between pre-test and post-test PEFR value was found increased significantly (p=0.001), that training group had higher score as compared to control group. Conclusion: Regular High Intensity Circuit Training can improve lung function particularly PEFR value in male young adults.

Evaluation of the durable effects of corrective exercises on the postural alignment and stability in hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the durability of the effects of corrective exercises on the postural alignment and stability of hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls. Balance disturbance and recurrent falls are directly related to changes in the alignment of physical posture and function of the elderly, and effective methods with durable effects on improving the postural stability of the elderly have always been under the attention of researchers.MethodsThis study was a randomized clinical trial, and the statistical population included the elderly referred to neurology clinics. According to the research inclusion criteria (hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls during the last six months), 30 elderly aged 60 to 75 years old were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of corrective exercises and control. The experimental group performed an exercise program based on the Alexander posture correction technique. Both groups were evaluated with forward head angle, kyphosis, the timed up and go test, postural stability, and fear of falling tests in three phases. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 21 software and the MANCOVA test and repeated-measures analysis of variance.ResultsData analysis showed significant improvements in the variables of forward head (p = 0.007), kyphosis(p = .001), balance(p = 0.002), postural stability(p = 0.001), and fear of falling(p = 0.001) in the experimental group. Post-test comparisons between the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in all variables except for kyphosis(p > .05), and follow-up analysis also revealed significant differences in all variables, except for the variables of forward head and kyphosis(p > .05).ConclusionsAlthough the effects of corrective exercises in the elderly decreased regarding spinal alignment after three months, more lasting effects were seen in functional balance, postural stability, and fear of falling, suggesting this strategy as a stimulus for more mobility and a lower risk of falling in the elderly. Therefore, when using corrective exercises, it is possible to apply these exercises for a longer period of time to achieve more durable outcomes, especially regarding spinal alignment.Trial registrationThis research was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2016081529373N1, Date of registration: 19/04/2017).

THE EFFECT OF TECHNICAL DISCUSSION GROUP GUIDANCE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group guidance services with discussion technique on academic procrastination of students of Vocational High School 4 in Surakarta amid the covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is an experimental method with a research design of one group design pre-test and post-test. This method was carried out by giving a pre-test before being treated with group guidance services with discussion techniques and then a post-test after being given treatment. The results of the pre-test and post-test data will show whether there is a difference between before and after being given the treatment. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, by taking 12 students of class X majoring in Catering. The data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data was then analysed using paired sample t-test which shows the value of tcount ttable, which is 12,784 2,200. The results also showed a significance value of 0.000 0.05. The value of the comparison of pre-test and post-test from the results of the paired sample t-test shows the number of 17.33. To sum up, the study showed the difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test which implies the significance influence of discussion technique group guidance services on the academic procrastination of students class X majoring in Catering at Surakarta Vocational High School 4 during the pandemic.

Learning Biology Using Real Object, ICT, and Blended Learning to Improve Factual and Conceptual Knowledge

During the pandemic of COVID-19, online learning was introduced, and the students' achievement decreased. This research aimed to find the effect of the biology learning model by using real objects (RO), ICT, and Blended Learning (BL) on students’ factual and conceptual knowledge. The research design was a quasi-experiment with a pretest and posttest comparison group design. This research was done in two senior high schools. Cluster random sampling was used to choose three groups of RO, ICT, and BL, involving two biology teachers and 139 students. The instrument was mainly tests of factual and conceptual knowledge. The test items were validated by expert judgment and an empirical test. Multivariate analysis was applied to test the difference in the effect of the three learning models. The results indicate that (1) RO gives the highest students’ achievement in factual knowledge, (2) ICT increases students’ conceptual knowledge, and (3) BL improves both factual and conceptual knowledge. Therefore, it is concluded that learning biology should use RO and ICT through BL to improve factual and conceptual knowledge.

PELATIHAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN PSIKOLOGI POSITIF: UPAYA MENINGKATKAN RESILIENSI WIRAUSAHAWAN ANGGOTA CREDIT UNION

Entrepreneurship is an opportunity for individuals who want to have additional income apart from their regular job. Likewise, the condition of Credit Union Pangudi Luhur Kasih members who work as teachers, are expected that they can develop entrepreneurial abilities and increase their income apart from teaching. Some members who have started entrepreneurship often feel doubtful in running the business they have started, so they need to increase resilience and the business processes can be improved. Resilience webinar and group coaching with positive psychological approach will be carried out to increase the resilience of CU PLK enterpreneur members. The participants who attended the webinar were 25 people, the first coaching meeting was 8 people and the second meeting was 7 people. The lack of participants during coaching session occurred because after the webinar ended, many participants stated that they were not committed to participating in the training until the coaching session ends. However, from the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it appears that this training went well and received positive responses, although the results of the comparison of pre and post-test during the webinar showed that there was no significant change in knowledge. There was an increase in the participants' resilience scores after participating in weekly group coaching.

The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Teaching Model on EFL Learners’ Language Learning: Positive Changes in Learning Attitudes, Perceptions and Performance

Instruction in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning is a priority around the globe, but instructional methodologies have not always kept pace with the changing needs of learners. The traditional teacher-centered EFL classroom teaching model can no longer meet the needs of college EFL learners to strengthen and improve their language ability. For years, the flipped classroom teaching model has been widely recognized as an innovative and effective instructional method by language educators. Based upon the analysis of the current EFL teaching and learning situation and the flipped classroom teaching model, the author took two Artificial Intelligent classes from a Chinese public college as the participants in the experiment to explore the impact of the flipped classroom teaching model on their language learning. One Artificial Intelligent class, the Experimental Group (EG), adopted the flipped classroom teaching model in EFL class, and the other Artificial Intelligent class, the Control Group (CG), adopted the traditional teacher-centered method in EFL class. After the survey, implementation of different teaching models, pre-test and post-test comparison, learning time changing curve analysis, and analysis of learners’ acceptance of the new model, the study aims to find out the impact of the flipped classroom teaching model on college EFL learners’ language learning attitudes, perceptions and performance, providing some references for college EFL educators on their EFL teaching to a certain extent.