Post-pandemic Era Research Articles

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic extended beyond direct infection-associated complications to wide-reaching impacts on health system including workflow disruption, enhanced telehealth utilization, labor force changes, and access to procedures. Whilst it is clear that COVID-19 can affect histopathological findings on kidney biopsy, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 kidney disease research remains unclear. This study reviewed kidney biopsy research activity (i.e., patient consent and bio-sample collection), kidney biopsy practice and histopathological findings over the COVID-19 pandemic in an Australian metropolitan health service network of 4 hospitals between 2018 and 2023. All kidney biopsies performed at the Metro North Kidney Health Service between 2018 and 2023 were divided into pre-pandemic (2018-2019), pandemic (2020-2021) and post-pandemic (2022-2023) eras. Demographic data, consent rates, bio-sample collection rates, and procedural complications were retrospectively compared between the 3 eras. Two hundred twenty-nine kidney biopsies were performed in 2018 to 2019, 223 in 2020 to2021 and 213 in 2022 to 2023. Participant consent for research reduced from 70% to 63% between pre-pandemic to pandemic eras but quickly recovered in the post-pandemic era (68%). Bio-sample collection decreased (pre-pandemic: 50%, pandemic: 47%, post-pandemic: 38%) and did not recover in the post-pandemic era indicating the long tail effect on research activities. Although there were changes in service provision (e.g., delay in elective procedures, lockdowns), these measures were not associated with changes in biopsy number, setting, and department over the course of the pandemic. Kidney disease biomarker research activities decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic as demonstrated by reductions in biomarker study consent and sample collection. Strategies to maintain non-pandemic research need to be built into pandemic preparedness plans to preserve the momentum of discoveries which improve clinical outcomes for non-pandemic diseases; discoveries which may well end up being repurposed for pandemic-related conditions (e.g., remdesivir from Ebola research).

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly amplified burnout and moral injury among nurses, exposing structural vulnerabilities in healthcare systems and accelerating workforce attrition. Beyond the acute crisis, nurses continue to face chronic staff shortages, overwhelming workloads, and unresolved ethical tensions that compromise both well-being and quality of care. Synthesis of recent meta-analyses in this review indicates that nurse burnout during the pandemic ranged between 30% and 50%, illustrating the magnitude of the problem. Particular attention is given to innovative organizational strategies that foster resilience, including workload redistribution, enhanced professional autonomy, supportive leadership, and the integration of digital technologies such as telecare. Comparative perspectives across healthcare systems illustrate how policy reforms, staffing models, and ethical frameworks can mitigate psychological distress and strengthen organizational resilience. By reframing burnout and moral injury not only as individual challenges but as systemic phenomena requiring structural solutions, this review emphasizes the imperative of multilevel interventions. Building resilient nursing workforces through innovation, leadership, and evidence-based policies is essential for sustaining high-quality patient care in the post-pandemic era.

In the post-pandemic era, the digital transformation of international Chinese language education is urgent, and teachers face issues such as uneven competence in applying digital intelligence technology and mismatched resources. This study surveyed 370 international Chinese language teachers and found that while their use of digital resources has become routine, it lacks depth. To address this, the study, combining the Standards for Professional Competence of International Chinese Language Teachers and the TPACK theory, constructs a “three-stage and nine-dimensional” competence improvement framework and designs an integrated international Chinese language digital resource platform with four modules—resource supply, training, interaction, and feedback—providing support for teachers’ digital intelligence-driven development and the high-quality development of Chinese language education.

This study provides a comprehensive psychometric validation of a multidimensional questionnaire designed to measure green consumer behavior in the post-COVID-19 context. The instrument, administered in Dhankuta Municipality, Nepal. This study uniquely integrates pandemic-induced behavioral influences with classical economic, psychological, and environmental theories, creating a six-dimensional framework. This multidimensional model not only predicts green purchasing behavior but also advances existing literature by formalizing the pandemic’s role in shaping sustainable consumption. Content validity was supported through expert review, and construct validity was examined via Pearson correlations and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). All items correlated significantly with their respective subscales (r = .415–.891, p < .001), exceeding the critical threshold (±.1265, df = 391, p < .05). Reliability analyses demonstrated strong internal consistency across dimensions (Cronbach’s α = .70–.88). Multi-group CFA confirmed measurement invariance across gender (ΔCFI < .01), ensuring the scale functions equivalently for males and females. Structural equation modeling further validated criterion-related evidence, showing that pandemic-related (β = 0.306, p < 0.001), economic (β = 0.235, p < 0.001), and environmental (β = 0.157, p < 0.001) factors significantly predicted willingness to pay (WTP) for green products. Psychological influence was marginal (β = .106, p = .018), while social and sustainability dimensions were no significant. The model accounted for 40% of the variance in WTP (R² = .401). Collectively, the findings confirm the instrument’s reliability, factorial validity, and predictive utility. Beyond established sustainability measures, this questionnaire uniquely integrates pandemic-related behavioral influences, offering new insights into shifting consumer patterns. The validated scale provides a robust tool for research and practice, enabling cross-group comparisons and longitudinal tracking of sustainable consumer behavior in the post-pandemic era.

Public health surveillance systems are critical for decision-making and have been advanced by monitoring infectious diseases. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and timeliness of multiple surveillance systems in tracking COVID-19 cases in the postpandemic era. Data of COVID-19-reported cases in a southern city of China were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting Information System over a 1-year period, following the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions (from April 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024) as the operational benchmark. A total of 4 surveillance systems (hospital, wastewater, meteorological, and internet search engine) were integrated into a daily time series. Spearman correlation and 60-day moving window analyses with 7-day lags were used to assess associations. Distributed lag nonlinear models captured nonlinear meteorological effects. Time-series regression models assessed lead effects (0-7 d) of each surveillance indicator, with and without meteorological adjustment. Among 4 surveillance systems, 16 variables correlated significantly with reported cases. The nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) positivity rate showed the strongest correlation, with a coefficient of 0.834 (95% CI 0.803-0.860). Wastewater surveillance system demonstrated a moderate correlation, with the correlation coefficient of 0.776 (95% CI 0.737-0.810) for the N gene positivity rate and 0.698 (95% CI 0.648-0.743) for the N gene concentration. Moving-window analyses confirmed a stable correlation between NAAT positivity and reported cases (median 0.534, IQR 0.394-0.724; 58% of windows ρ>0.5), while wastewater indicators exhibited greater temporal fluctuation, with the N gene concentration (median 0.585, IQR 0.214-0.766; 60.8% of windows ρ>0.5) exceeding the N gene positivity rate (median 0.530, IQR 0.222-0.742; 53.5% of windows ρ>0.5). Time-series analysis identified same-day associations (lag 0) for both NAAT positivity (β=.819, 95% CI 0.768-0.870) and wastewater signals (maximum effect: β=1.023, 95% CI 0.931-1.115). Meteorological factors significantly modified the effect of internet surveillance indicators (P<.05), particularly temperature and absolute humidity. An integrated, multichannel surveillance strategy of leveraging wastewater, clinical, and digital streams with meteorological contextualization can strengthen early warning and situational awareness for respiratory pathogen threats.

In the new era of accelerated digital transformation, cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing are triggering profound changes in the field of education. These changes not only manifest in the modernization of teaching methods but also fundamentally reconstruct the knowledge dissemination system and learning behavior patterns. Currently, ideological and political education is at a historic development opportunity. With the concept of “precise ideological and political education” incorporated into the national education strategic layout, colleges and universities urgently need to build an intelligent ideological and political education system based on digital technology. The construction of this system requires focusing on solving three core issues: how to use digital profiling technology to accurately identify students’ ideological dynamics, how to establish personalized education plans based on intelligent algorithms, and how to enhance the participation and effectiveness of ideological and political education through digital platforms. Especially in the post-pandemic era, the new normal of online and offline integrated teaching poses new challenges to the traditional ideological and political work model. This requires educators to deeply understand the underlying logic of technology-enabled education and, through the construction of a “data-driven - precise policy-making - dynamic feedback” closed-loop system, effectively enhance the contemporaneity and appeal of ideological and political education.

In the post-pandemic era, SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to circulate and evolve. T cell-mediated immunity is essential for antiviral defense, but its evasion by emerging variants remains poorly defined. In this study, we screened spike-derived CD8 + T cell epitopes using bioinformatic algorithms and validated them experimentally in COVID-19 vaccine recipients. LYNSASFSTF (LYN), located in the receptor-binding domain (S 368–377 ), was identified as an HLA-A*24:02-restricted epitope harboring mutations observed in Omicron BA.1 (S371L, S373P, and S375F) and BA.2 (S371F, S373P, S375F, and T376A). BA.2 mutations more profoundly attenuated LYN-specific cellular immunity than those from BA.1 with T376A as a major contributor to immune evasion, as supported by structural analysis of altered peptide–HLA interactions. This effect was mitigated by BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection and appears unlikely to persist in the currently dominant NB.1.8.1 lineage, where the LYN sequence remains conserved. Our findings suggest that LYN may function both as an immune-evasive hotspot and as a cross-reactive epitope, underscoring the importance of continued epitope-level surveillance as future variants emerge.

Financial Technology (FinTech) is fundamentally reshaping the accounting profession, accelerating the shift from routine transactional activities to more strategic, data-driven functions. This transformation demands advanced digital competencies, yet the scholarly understanding of these skills remains fragmented. To provide conceptual and analytical clarity, this study defines FinTech as an ecosystem of enabling technologies, including artificial intelligence, data analytics, and blockchain, that collectively drive this professional transition. Addressing the lack of systematic synthesis, the study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, complemented by bibliometric analysis, to map the intellectual landscape. The review focuses on peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2020 and June 2025, thereby capturing the accelerated digital transformation of the post-pandemic era. The analysis identifies four dominant thematic clusters: (1) the professional context and digital transformation; (2) the educational response and curriculum development; (3) core competencies and their technological drivers; and (4) ethical judgement and professional responsibilities. Synthesising these themes reveals critical research gaps in faculty readiness, curriculum integration, ethical governance, and the empirical validation of institutional strategies. By offering a structured map of the field, this review contributes actionable insights for educators, professional bodies, and firms, and advances a forward-looking research agenda to align professional readiness with the realities of the FinTech era.

Global health care education that cultivates international orientation is important for providing medical care in consideration of diverse backgrounds and collaboration with foreign medical professionals. Virtual international exchange programs could be a new type of global education in the present postpandemic era. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a virtual international exchange program in fostering quality academic and professional learning and international orientation from student perspectives across 5 countries. This research is expected to contribute to education for the development of global human resources in the health professions. This quasi-experimental study used a before-and-after design using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach. In this study, a 5-day interactive virtual program was offered to occupational therapy students from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand. The students were asked about their expectations and international orientation before the program, and about their evaluation of the program and international orientation afterward. Numerical data from a questionnaire on program expectations and evaluations were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data on international orientation were subjected to qualitative analysis using steps for coding and theorization. In total, 29 students participated in the program, out of which 12 students (response ratio 41.4%) answered the research questionnaires both before and after the program. Overall, the students' expectations of the program were met in terms of expertise, scientific learning skills, and group interactions. Comparing before and after the program, mean scores of how the program met expectations increased, and the mean scores after the program in all 12 items asking about program evaluation were from 3.8 (SD 1.19) to 4.9 (SD 0.67; range: score 1 [lowest]-5 [highest]). Even though their motivation for participating in the program was not specific before the program, after the program, they reported having a more concrete image and specific form of what they learned from an international perspective. The participants enjoyed communication with others from diverse backgrounds while recognizing the difficulty of understanding different values. They also expressed satisfaction with their understanding of occupational therapy professionals and diverse societies, including medical systems from other countries. Even though the analyzed sample data were small, these findings suggest that the program in this study may provide the participants with valuable opportunities. The virtual exchange program could foster students to cultivate qualities such as problem-finding or problem-solving and having interactions with groups from diverse backgrounds.

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive guide for teaching strategies for pre-service teachers to address the educational gaps created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The guide was designed for use across various Grade 7 subjects and used the 5E model for lesson exemplars. A descriptive research design, particularly the Modified Sidek's Instructional Materials Development Design, was employed to guide the process. Field experts evaluated the guide and found it acceptable in terms of clarity, usefulness, language, presentation, and content. The panel consisted of ten experts (seven content experts with at least three years of experience teaching Grade 7 or mentoring pre-service teachers, and three material experts with expertise in instructional design). Key 21st-century skills were integrated into the strategies. Before finalization, the guide underwent validation and minor revisions based on expert feedback to improve language use and formatting for potential future publication. The study's findings offer a valuable resource for educators seeking to enhance teaching practices in the post-pandemic era.

The phenomenon of burnout is increasingly concerning among staff at institutions of higher learning, particularly in private universities operating within high-pressure and competitive work environments. Burnout refers to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment resulting from chronic and prolonged work-related stress. This article provides a comprehensive examination of coping strategies as psychosocial mechanisms for managing and preventing burnout symptoms. Grounded in the coping theory by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), the discussion centers on three primary dimensions of coping strategies: psychological, communicative, and spiritual aspects. Supported by empirical findings, the article highlights how problem-focused strategies, open and empathetic communication, and the application of positive spiritual practices can enhance psychological resilience, emotional well-being, and social support among employees. Furthermore, the article proposes a holistic and systematic approach to workplace burnout management that emphasizes both individual agency and organizational responsibility. This study aims to serve as a foundation for the development of intervention modules and future research across various professional sectors to strengthen mental resilience in the post-pandemic era.

Bratislava’s real estate sector, which encompasses both administrative and residential properties, faces significant challenges. A notable housing shortage characterizes the residential sector, while the administrative sector is experiencing a growing surplus of vacant office spaces. In the post-pandemic era, evolving workplace requirements and the global energy crisis have increased demand for high-quality buildings — a standard many older office buildings fail to meet. The initial part of this study provides an overview of the development of administrative buildings in Bratislava since the late 1990s. Empirical evidence from other cities and current trends suggest that converting office buildings into residential units is a viable solution. This research analyses the adaptability potential of Bratislava’s administrative buildings for residential transformation. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a sample of twelve office buildings in Bratislava was analysed using the Conversion Meter (CM) method developed by Geraedts and Van der Voordt (2000), which we adapted to local legislation for research purposes. Based on the first three steps of the CM method — preliminary screening through NO-GO criteria, location assessment, and building condition analysis — eight buildings are in the category ‘ideal for transformation’ and four in the category ‘transformable’. Further analysis compared results across the sample of buildings to identify common factors hindering the transformation process. These aspects were examined due to their potential to impact the intended transformation negatively. In the second phase, Research by Design, case studies were developed to analyse possible layouts of floor plans of various sizes regarding the dimensions of the structural systems of the given buildings. Additionally, the necessity of considering the local requirement for ensuring individual access to the exterior from each unit was addressed. Early identification of aspects against the adaptability of existing administrative buildings in Bratislava, presents an opportunity for both private and public sectors to proactively address these barriers, thereby facilitating transformations and supporting the current trend for sustainable urban development.

In the post-COVID-19 era, understanding the long-term impact of Long COVID on the immune system is essential for deciphering its influence on lung cancer pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively examines how persistent COVID-19 sequelae-manifested as chronic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, cytokine dysregulation, and T-cell exhaustion can reshape the lung cancer microenvironment. In addition, the emerging roles of memory B cells and altered neutrophil function in promoting tumorigenesis are discussed. Importantly, we analyze recent clinical evidence suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination may enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, potentially by modulating host immunity. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical observations, this review aims to illuminate the challenges and opportunities at the intersection of Long COVID and lung cancer treatment, thereby fostering the development of personalized therapeutic strategies in the post-pandemic era.

This study examines the key factors influencing online banking adoption in India in the post-COVID-19 period. Building on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research integrates traditional factors—perceived ease of use (PEOU), accessibility (ABS), and reliability of the banking system (RBS)—with a novel construct, perceived environmental, social, and governance performance of banks (PESGB). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to Indian banking customers, and the proposed model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The results demonstrate that PEOU, ABS, and PESGB significantly and positively influence customers’ intention to adopt online banking, whereas RBS does not show a significant effect. These findings suggest that in the post-pandemic era, customers prioritize usability, accessibility, and sustainability over traditional concerns of reliability. The study contributes to the extension of TAM by incorporating ESG considerations and offers practical implications for banks to enhance digital adoption by promoting user-friendly services and aligning digital transformation strategies with sustainability commitments.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, religiosity, and social environment on family economic resilience in the post-Covid-19 period in Margadana Village, Tegal City. The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected the socio-economic conditions of communities, particularly in terms of family welfare and financial management capabilities. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving heads of households, community leaders, religious figures, and local government officials as key informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, including data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The results reveal that sound financial literacy enables families to manage their economic resources effectively, religiosity shapes ethical and disciplined financial behavior, and the social environment provides both moral and material support that strengthens family resilience. These three factors interact synergistically to build family economic resilience in the post-pandemic era. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing financial literacy grounded in religious and social values as a sustainable strategy to strengthen community-based family welfare.

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) constitute a major cause of pediatric morbidity. Their epidemiological patterns have been significantly altered across COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to comparatively analyze the epidemiology and viral etiology of ARIs in pediatric inpatients across the pre-, peri-, and post-COVID-19 eras. This retrospective study analyzed electronic health records of patients aged 13 years or younger who were admitted to Kiang Wu Hospital with an ARI diagnosis between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023. A total of 14 712 ARIs cases were included, with 6734 (mean [standard deviation] = 281 ± 49/month), 4382 (125 ± 81/month), and 3596 cases (275 ± 143/month) from the pre-, peri-, and post-COVID-19 eras, respectively. Toddlers consistently dominated across all periods, while preschool and school-aged cases declined during the peri-pandemic and rebounded post-pandemic. Variation was in epidemiological shifts among different viral pathogens. Specifically, the peak infection rate of Influenza virus A was 8.9%-11.3% (January-February) in pre-COVID and 12.8%-19.1% (April, September-October) in the post-COVID-19 era, while mostly 0.0% during the peri-pandemic. Respiratory syncytial virus demonstrated a marked seasonality shift from pre-pandemic autumn-winter peaks (August-September: 21.7%-28.0%; December-January: 12.3%-23.7%) to an unprecedented autumn surge (61.2%) during the peri-pandemic, followed by an amplified spring epidemic (49.6%) during the post-pandemic era. Human metapneumovirus experienced a 3-month phase delay in peak activity (pre-pandemic era: March-April, and post-pandemic era: June-July). The study revealed rising viral prevalence, contrasting with U-shaped hospitalization trends, with seasonal and viral differences suggesting varied non-pharmaceutical intervention susceptibility. Shifts toward older children and changing co-infection patterns highlight the need for adaptive surveillance and response systems.

Toxicological assessment of 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one on physiological and antioxidant parameters in Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Chinese Personal Luxury Goods Purchasing Behavior SEM Analysis for the Asia Pacific A irport Duty-Free Industry in the Post-Pand emic Era

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposed the fragility of global immunization programs and intensified measles vaccine hesitancy, with global measles-containing-vaccine first-dose (MCV1) coverage falling from 86% in 2019 to 81% in 2021, with the number of unvaccinated children rising to 18 million. Using the 7C model of vaccine readiness, we highlight how Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Collective responsibility, risk Calculation, Compliance, and Conspiracy beliefs shape parental decision-making in the post-pandemic era. Declining trust, low perceived disease risk, misinformation, and service barriers threaten progress towards measles eradication. We argue that recovery requires more than restoring coverage: resilient immunization strategies must address both structural barriers and psychological drivers of hesitancy. Clinician-led communication, accessible and free vaccination services, targeted social media engagement, and transparent informational dashboards are all essential tools for achieving effective disease management. Ultimately, vaccine readiness is not only about access -it is about trust, values, and resilience. Without decisive action, measles control will remain vulnerable to future global crises.

The post-pandemic era has transformed athletes’ training habits, with social media emerging as a vital medium that supports independent training among student athletes. Despite its growing use, limited studies have examined its post-pandemic impact. This study aims to explore how social media contributes to athletes’ motivation, consistency, and independence in training when traditional facilities have resumed. Method: Using a qualitative design, eight student athletes were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model to identify key themes. Findings reveal that social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube serve as alternative learning spaces for technical, physical, and mental training. They enhance flexibility, motivation, and engagement. Social media significantly supports self-directed learning and motivation, complementing conventional training methods while fostering independence, discipline, and innovation among student athletes in the post-COVID-19 context .