Post-conflict Era Research Articles

Peacebuilding in Colombia: teachers’ and students’ perspectives on the Lectures on Peace

ABSTRACT The paper explores the impact of the Education for Peace programme in Colombia, drawing on evidence from one secondary school in Bogotá, Colombia. Called ‘Lectures on Peace’, this initiative is part of the government’s strategy to overcome the internal conflict that lasted over fifty years. The study attempted to understand the role of Education for Peace in the Colombian post-conflict era as well as the policy implementation regarding the Lectures on Peace and the impact on students’ future perspectives. Data were collected from questionnaires and interviews, as well as documentary data from the Colombian government and the secondary school. The study highlights that the initiative is contributing to peacebuilding in Colombia but it also presents some challenges, especially those related to bring an understanding of the conflict to individuals who have not directly experienced the effects of war.

Minimising the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in an intact landscape under risk of rapid agricultural development

As humanity’s demand for resources continues to rise and productive arable lands become increasingly scarce, many of Earth’s remaining intact regions are at heightened risk of destruction from agricultural development. In situations where agricultural expansion is inevitable, it is important to manage intact landscape transformation so that impacts on environmental values are minimised. Here, we present a novel, spatially explicit, land use planning framework that addresses the decision making needed to account for different, competing economic-environment objectives (agricultural production value, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service retention) when land use change is inevitable within an intact landscape. We apply our framework to the globally significant savannahs of the Orinoquia (Colombia), which in a post-conflict era is under increased agricultural development pressure. We show that while negative environmental impacts can be reduced through planning, the total area of land converted to agriculture is the unavoidable principal driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss. We therefore identify planning solutions that perform well across all objectives simultaneously, despite trade-offs among them. When 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the study area is allowed to be converted to agriculture, on average planning can improve species persistence and ecosystem service retention by up to 16%, 15%, 12%, and 9%, respectively, when compared to agricultural-focused solutions. Development in the region so far has had an unnecessarily large impact on environmental objectives due to a lack of effective land use planning, creating an ‘opportunity debt’. Our study provides an evidence base to inform proactive planning and the development of environmentally sensible agricultural development policy and practice in the region. This framework can be used by stakeholders to achieve agriculture expansion goals and maximise economic profit while minimising impacts on the environment in the Orinoquia, or any relatively intact region that is being developed.

Peran Ulama dalam proses Rekonsiliasi Pasca Konflik di Aceh

In the context of Aceh, the word “Ulama" refers to an Islamic scholar who own boarding school (In Aceh language known as Dayah) or a leader of an Islamic boarding school (known as Teungku Dayah). Ulama become "the backbone" of any social problem and play strategic and influential roles in Acehnese society. However, The Ulama roles have changed in the post-conflict era in Aceh. The assumption that Ulama are unable running their authorities in Acehnese society especially in the post-conflict era. Ideally, their roles are needed in the reconciliation regarding the agents of reconciliation who have authority like the Ulama and are trustworthy by Acehnese society. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh. To investigate the problem, a descriptive qualitative method was used, where the method is to describe the nature of a temporary situation that occurs when the research is carried out in detail, and then the causes of the symptoms were examined. The data were literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this research showed that during an important period of Aceh's history, the Ulama constantly become guardians that provide a religious ethical foundation for each socio-political change in Aceh, and subsequently they also act as the successor to the religious style that developed in the society. Even the formation and development of the socio-political and cultural system occurred partly on the contribution of the Ulama. The position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh can be found in four ways. Firstly, knowledge transmission. Secondly, as a legal decision-maker which refers to Sharia law, especially related to the reconciliation process. Thirdly, as a mediator. Fourthly, cultural roles in the form of ritual or ceremonial guides that are carried out when the parties of the conflict have met an agreement to reconcile.

La Educación sentimental en el pensamiento de Julián Marías. Una reflexión en el contexto colombiano

La educación sentimental es uno de los núcleos importantes de reflexión del pensamiento del filósofo español Julián Marías Aguilera y corresponde a una visión antropológica personalista. La educación sentimental es el núcleo donde se encuentra la raíz de todos los demás aspectos vitales. Este artículo pretende analizar la visión antropológica de la filosofía de Julián Marías, específicamente en la obra La educación sentimental, y pensar a la persona como una criatura amorosa. Volver sobre los sentimientos en la persona contribuirá a rescatar una de las dimensiones más olvidadas y desplazadas por la cultura intelectual, de tal manera que esta investigación destaca el valor de una antropología filosófica que, al haber sido pensada y expresada en español, tiene unas posibilidades humanas que no han sido desarrolladas por otras lenguas en las que se ha hecho filosofía hasta el siglo XX, con posibilidades de aplicación en el posconflicto colombiano.

La conciliación y la mediación como políticas públicas para la reintegración social en el posconflicto en Colombia

El presente articulo de investigacion realiza un estudio del conflicto como antecedente mediato para la promulgacion de normas en la era del posconflicto en Colombia, que se inicio con la firma de los acuerdos de paz de La Habana en el ano 2016. Desde alli, se concibe el analisis normativo para la superacion del conflicto y los mecanismos dispuestos para el restablecimiento del orden publico y el bienestar social dentro del territorio. En este sentido, es importante reflexionar sobre los factores dispuestos que propenden a facilitar la transicion del conflicto armado hacia un escenario de paz duradera, especialmente desde el enfoque reconstruccion social; haciendo un estudio de los mecanismos judiciales y extrajudiciales dispuestos para solucionar conflictos. La investigacion tiene un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo juridico. En primer lugar, el estudio se centra en el examen de la conciliacion desde su conceptualizacion, caracteristicas, principios y estructura, luego desde el mismo enfoque analiza la mediacion, en tercer lugar, se evalua la reintegracion a la vida social como elemento de la politica publica implementada por el Estado colombiano frente a los desafios del fin de la confrontacion armada, en cuarto lugar, se aborda la problematica del posconflicto y finalmente se realiza un analisis desde el derecho comparado de la mediacion y la conciliacion.

The Sustainability of Post-Conflict Development: The Case of Algeria

The Algerian civil war, 1992–2002, affected all aspects of life in the country. Major development efforts were therefore initiated in the post-conflict era. Almost 20 years later, the economy remains fragile, and the country’s large hydrocarbon revenues have not been used to develop the infrastructure for sustainability, support energy transition or reduce structural vulnerabilities. This paper provides an overview of Algerian development strategies before and after the conflict, examining in particular the orientation of major development projects involving foreign financing. Two rural development programmes are described to illustrate the outcomes of such projects. The results show that the conflict stopped or hindered many ongoing and planned development projects in the country, especially in the agriculture sector, while new investments in industry started after the conflict. The review of individual development projects further revealed that many projects between 1980–2017 had doubtful benefits with respect to long-term development goals. Initiatives tended to be discontinued once the funding period closed, and the involvement of the private sector was low. It is therefore concluded that additional attention needs to be devoted to long-term and structural impacts of development projects, including considerations regarding sustainability, demographics, and climate-related future changes.

Health insurance and education: major contributors to oral health inequalities in Colombia

BackgroundHealth inequalities, including inequalities in oral health, are problems of social injustice worldwide. Evidence on this issue from low-income and middle-income countries is still needed. We aimed to examine the...

The Emergence of Islamic Banks in Somalia in the Post-Conflict Era: Prospects and Challenges

Since the fall of Somalia’s central government in 1991, Somalia experienced an intractable civil war that not only undermined and devastated much of the nations’ social life but also, led to a massive collapse of the country’s financial sector. Nearly a quarter century, Somalia has no functioning financial system due to the conflict and political mayhem. Such circumstances prevented Somalia from developing an effective and coherent financial system. Following the collapse of the country’s institutions, the only financial system that existed during these turbulent times were Xawaalads or money transfer operators mostly founded by Somali diasporas migrated to many countries around the world due to the country’s instability. Another type of informal financial service emerged during the conflict was mobile money or mobile banking operated by giant telecommunication companies in the country. Following the formation of Somalia’s federal government in 2012 and the return of relative normalcy, the major money transfer companies converted to full banking institutions and sought a license from the central bank as full-fledged Islamic financial banks. The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence of the Islamic banking industry, opportunities and challenges ahead. The paper relied on secondary data obtained from textbooks, journals, newspapers and reports. The study found that Islamic banks in Somalia have potential opportunities but face unique challenges due to the effects of the civil war. The paper also postulates some recommendations for the policymakers to deal with the challenges facing the Islamic banks in Somalia.

Causes and contributing factors of maternal mortality in Bosaso District of Somalia. A retrospective study of 30 cases using a Verbal Autopsy approach

ABSTRACTBackground: Somali women suffer from one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. Somalia characterises a specific low-income country situation with a mix of newly urbanized and nomadic culture combined with a frail health care infrastructure set in a post-conflict era. Very little is known about the effects that these contextual factors can have on maternal mortality.Objectives: To explore and describe causes and contributing factors concerning maternal deaths in the Bosaso District, Puntland State of Somalia.Methods: Data was collected using an adapted Verbal Autopsy tool. In 2017 30 cases of maternal deaths occurring in 2016 in the Bosaso District were reviewed. Information was assessed by three independent reviewers who classified the cause of death and the contributing factors. The Three Delay Model was employed to identify socio-cultural and economic and health system factors that may have contributed to these maternal deaths.Results: Direct obstetric deaths accounted for 28 cases. Among these, haemorrhage was the leading cause, followed by eclampsia, sepsis and obstructed labour. Two cases were indirect obstetric deaths, caused by anaemia. All three types of delay were frequent among the studied cases. Delay in deciding to seek care was found in 25 cases, delay in reaching care in 22 cases and delay in receiving health care in 24 cases. Lack of knowledge, money, transportation, poor access and availability of adequate services, as well as substandard management by health care providers, were all underlying the delays.Conclusion: A comprehensive intervention programme is needed in order to decrease maternal mortality among Somali women. Such a programme must include health education, improved referral systems and strategic upgrading of care services.

Propuesta de modelo en dinámica de sistemas para toma de decisiones en selección de proyectos verdes

Post-conflict era in Colombia after the enactment of the peace agreements between the government and armed groups has caused a growing interest in the social, environmental and economic needs of the communities affected by armed conflict, today known as “collective reparation subjects”. This interest is perceived through the continuous calls by national and local governments to companies and the scientific community, which seek to contribute to the regional challenges in terms of environmental conservation, biodiversity, and peacebuilding within these communities. Considering this new scenario, selection and decision-making processes on this issues need to be transformed, so that, in addition to selecting the best projects, communities are actively involved, thus generating benefits related to social learning and knowledge appropriation.Therefore, the aim of this research is to propose a methodology that involves different scientific methods for enabling community participation and knowledge construction on social, environmental and economic dynamics, in order to incorporate the analysis of information directly obtained from communities in decision-making processes for the selection of green projects. For the development of the proposed methodology for green projects assessment and prioritization, we suggest the integration of dynamic systems modeling, participatory modeling and the analytical network process (anp). With our results we expect to contribute from a scientific perspective to the development of a sustainable and participatory model that can be applied in decision-making processes. In addition, from a practical approach, we expect this work facilitates decision-making in the selection processes of green projects taking place in post-conflict areas in Colombia.

HIV/AIDS in South Sudan past, present, and future: a model of resilience in a challenging context

The Republic of South Sudan (RSS) is the newest state in the world which earned its independence on the 9th July 2011, following a peaceful secession from Sudan through a referendum in January 2011. In barely about 2.5 years after independence, the country ran into civil crisis starting on 15th December 2013, and refreshed in July 2016. The situation caused massive displacement and health systems disruption. The aim is to reflect on the HIV response in South Sudan despite the challenges of continued conflicts, displacement, and system disruption. Published data, as well as unpublished data available at the HIV Directorate in the Ministry of Health have been reviewed, including the HIV National Strategic plans, ANC sentinel Surveillance data, surveys and special studies, annual Health Management Information System cumulative reports from routine programmatic data (HTS, PMTCT, ART, TB/HIV, retention on care) and the UNAIDS spectrum data. The HIV epidemic in South Sudan is categorized as low and generalized (2.7%), with pockets of HIV concentration among key and vulnerable populations; who have a prevalence of 5% or more. The epidemic is thought to be widely variable across the country and geographically concentrated in the southern states of the greater Equatorial region formerly known as Western Equatoria with HIV prevalence of 6.8%, Central Equatoria 3.1%, and Eastern Equatoria 4.0%. The primary mode of infection is heterosexual exposure followed by mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, at birth, and through breastfeeding. About 42% of the new HIV infections occurred mainly in clients of sex workers, while men and women involved in casual sexual relationships accounted for 14.5% of new infections. Female sex workers (FSWs) themselves only contributed to 11.2% of new HIV infections. Children born by HIV infected mothers accounted for 15.7%. In post conflict era in South Sudan, there is an urgent need for global initiative to conduct epidemiological studies about HIV. This will not only help peoples of South Sudan but will also increase our knowledge about how conflict and war can contribute in the spread of infectious diseases. Importantly, there are valuable lessons to learn from the South Sudan experience in terms of persistence and resilience during war and peace as HIV interventions continued to be implemented in a challenging context. Unless a strong health system is developed and sustained, building a sustainable HIV response will continue to be a challenge, and a lot more will be required.

Vulnerability of mammals to land-use changes in Colombia’s post-conflict era

Colombia, one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, is entering a peaceful period after more than fifty years of armed conflict. Due to land use changes resulting from this new situation, negative effects on biodiversity, including mammals are expected. We think that mammal populations will be more sensitive in municipalities where activities related to post-conflict will be carried out. In that order, we aim to: 1) identify which mammal species would be more sensitive and 2) identify the critical regions where there is higher richness of sensitive mammals. We used the distributions of 95 mammal taxa and calculated a sensitivity index by combining four factors: 1) the proportion of each species distribution within protected areas in relation to their proposed extinction thresholds, 2) the proportion within post-conflict municipalities, 3) the proportion of five types of potential land use in post-conflict municipalities and 4) the threat status of each species. Using this index, we drew a map of species richness for mammals classified at high-risk and very high-risk categories. Primates were the most sensitive group to post-conflict changes. Urabá and the region near to the Serranía de San Lucas were the areas with the highest richness of sensitive species. We suggest using primates as flagship species to carry out conservation schemes in the post-conflict era in programmes led by local farmers and former fighters who have been reintegrated into civilian life.

Differences in the Incidence of Malaria between Internally Displaced People and General Population of Colombia from 2007 to 2016

Background: Malaria has been described among the most frequently reported parasitic diseases among refugees and internally displaced populations (IDPs) in Africa and Asia. There is a lack of studies about it in Latin America, including Colombia, the country with the highest number of IDPs in the world and also endemic for malaria. Methods & Materials: This ecological study assessed incidence and its differences, on malaria between general population and IDPs in Colombia and its departments (32) during 2007–2016. Epidemiological data was collected from the National Surveillance System (SIVIGILA-SISPRO), retrieving the codes for malaria in both populations. We estimated malaria incidence rates on both populations (cases/100,000 pop), using reference population of the IDPs (official record of the Secretary of Social Welfare) and the general population (from the national statistics institute, DANE). Incidence rates ratios were calculated comparing both populations. Results: In general population, 573,098 cases of malaria occurred (66% due to P. vivax) (1,237.19 cases/100,000 pop, 95%CI 1,234.0–1,240.0) while 13,655 among IDPs (70% due to P. vivax) (5,034.37 cases/100,000 pop, 95%CI 4,952.0–5,117.0). Malaria was 4.1 times higher among IDPs than in general population (p < 0.05) (ranging from 2.12 times in 2007 to 8.17 in 2016). Malaria mortality rate among general population was 0.32 deaths/100,000 pop and 1.84 among IDPs, being 5.81 times higher (p < 0.05). The difference by species, showed for Plasmodium malariae, 0.47 cases/100,000 pop in the general population and 4.06 among the internally displaced (8.62 times higher). A lower difference was observed for Plasmodium falciparum, 395.49 cases/100,000 pop among the general population and 1375.19 among internally displaced persons (3.48 times more). Conclusion: This study showed a significantly higher incidence of malaria among internally displaced persons, compared to the general population in the same territories, including also higher occurrence of complicated disease. This has relevant implications for screening, diagnosis and management among IDPs, especially in still highly endemic areas. More studies are required to improve the understanding of tropical diseases among vulnerable populations, as well to provide better medical interventions and for the development of public policies in countries, such as Colombia, with IDPs and in the context of post-conflict era.

Peace in Colombia is a critical moment for Neotropical connectivity and conservation: Save the northern Andes–Amazon biodiversity bridge

AbstractColombia is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world that has historically and is currently experiencing extensive deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Here we show how the most extensive region acting as a natural corridor between the Colombian Andes and Amazon biogeographical regions, the Picachos–Tinigua–Sierra de la Macarena–Chiribiquete megacorridor, is being eroded by large‐scale agricultural expansion endangering the maintenance and connection of gene flow and biodiversity exchange. Several phylogenetic studies indicate that the complex dynamics between the Andean highlands and the Amazonian lowlands have strongly influenced the origin and maintenance of Neotropical biodiversity. We appeal for the attention of international conservation and governmental organizations to direct resources and promote projects focused on the preservation and sustainable management of this strategic Andes–Amazon bridge in both protected and unprotected areas. In the current postconflict era, Colombia has a unique opportunity to create a new social and economic paradigm based on long‐term sustainably developed landscapes and more equitable sharing of wealth. We believe improved management and conservation efforts for the Picachos–Tinigua–Macarena–Chiribiquete megacorridor would demonstrate a collective will in helping to achieve this goal.

Arte público y políticas culturales en el posconflicto: potencias, retos y límites

En el presente artículo se aborda la pregunta sobre el lugar del arte en la coyuntura de la transición al posconflicto colombiano, en relación con las políticas culturales. Desde una aproximación teórica filosófica, se aborda las prácticas artísticas desde los planteamientos de régimen estético, política y reparto de lo sensible, del filósofo francés Jacques Rancière, para entender la potencia propia de las prácticas artísticas en el posconflicto como una potencia del disenso, de la apertura de espacios de novedad donde las narrativas, heridas y la constitución misma de la comunidad entran en cuestión. Para entender el lugar de las políticas culturales en este contexto, se plantea la posibilidad de pensar la importancia del arte público, con sus virtudes y peligros. Finalmente, se introduce la necesidad de repensar las políticas culturales para permitir expresiones y manifestaciones artísticas propias de una situación de transición y de posconflicto.

A local perspective on drivers and measures to slow deforestation in the Andean-Amazonian foothills of Colombia

Colombia’s Andean-Amazonian foothills are among the most pressing deforestation hotspots in the country. Yet, the relationships and dependencies of underlying deforestation drivers are not well understood. For an adequate territorial reorganization in the post-conflict era that is sensitive to local context, a targeted analysis of the present situation at the local level is required. This study investigates direct and indirect deforestation drivers, relationships among these and potential measures to lower deforestation post-conflict. The analysis uses spatial data of the Global Forest Watch project as a starting point for semi-structured interviews with 25 locally and regionally engaged stakeholders, triangulated with existing literature on the social, political and economic situation in the region. The results suggest that deforestation is not only caused by uncontrolled land colonization, but also related to the armed conflict, specifically the eradication of illicit crops and waves of migration due to the displacement of communities. Interviewees stressed the ambiguous role of armed groups and the responsibility of the state in incentivizing deforestation through building roads for the oil industry, fostering extractive industries and cattle ranching. The study reveals a high level of uncertainty among stakeholders regarding the possible effects of the peace agreement between the government and the FARC. Interviewees emphasized the crucial role of good governance and state sovereignty when working towards the establishment of alternative profitable industries, the implementation of environmental compensation schemes and an increased investment into environmental education.

Identification of human African Trypanosomiasis foci using school-going children in post-conflict era in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study

Background: Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is fatal if untreated; the drugs to treat it are toxic making its management difficult and diagnosis complex. Nwoya district has a long history of sleeping-sickness dating back to pre-colonial times. The civil war of 1986-2008 displaced many who upon return complained of cattle and dogs dying of unknown causes alongside increased tsetse flies infestation hence, the needs for the study. Methods: We enrolled local 3,040 pupils and recorded their social-demographic characteristics and access to different domesticated animals/fowls in their homes. Screening for HAT using the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) was performed; positive individuals had their titres determined, followed by microscopy and loop mediated isothermal amplification analysis (LAMP). R was used for analysis where associations were sought between dependent and independent variables. Any factor with P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: HAT serological prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI 0.8-1.6) was obtained, 58.3% being boys while 41.7% were girls with titres ranging from 1:2 - 1:16. Two schools alone, constituted 47% of the CATT positive cases. Pupils who came from homes with dogs were more likely to be CATT/ Trypanosoma brucei gambiense positive; (adjusted odds ratio = 3.12, 95% CI 1.41-6.99 & p=0.005). Conclusions: Though no parasites were detected, with prevalence of CATT positive at 1.2%, active surveillance in the district is still recommended. CATT positive cases needs follow-ups were immune trypanolysis test done to ascertain their exposure.

Identification of human African Trypanosomiasis foci using school-going children in post-conflict era in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is fatal if untreated; the drugs to treat it are toxic making its management difficult and diagnosis complex. Nwoya district has a long history of sleeping-sickness dating back to pre-colonial times. The civil war of 1986-2008 displaced many who upon return complained of cattle and dogs dying of unknown causes alongside increased tsetse flies infestation hence, the needs for the study. Methods: We enrolled local 3,040 pupils and recorded their social-demographic characteristics and access to different domesticated animals/fowls in their homes. Screening for HAT using the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) was performed; positive individuals had their titres determined, followed by microscopy and loop mediated isothermal amplification analysis (LAMP). R was used for analysis where associations were sought between dependent and independent variables. Any factor with P-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: HAT serological prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI 0.8-1.6) was obtained, 58.3% being boys while 41.7% were girls with titres ranging from 1:2 - 1:16. Two schools alone, constituted 47% of the CATT positive cases. Pupils who came from homes with dogs were more likely to be CATT/ Trypanosoma brucei gambiense positive; (adjusted odds ratio = 3.12, 95% CI 1.41-6.99 & p=0.005). Conclusions: Though no parasites were detected, with prevalence of CATT positive at 1.2%, active surveillance in the district is still recommended.CATT positive cases needs follow-ups were immune trypanolysis test done to ascertain their exposure.

Transitional Justice and the Legacy of Nuremberg: The Promise and Problems of Confronting Atrocity in Post-Conflict Societies

It's been over 70 years since the Nuremberg trials helped establish the primacy of legal mechanisms to deal with international human rights abuses, especially for genocide. Since then, we have seen a proliferation of courts and tribunals focused on bringing to justice perpetrators of genocide. In this paper, we critically examine the ways in which Nuremberg shaped and influenced these responses to genocide and to our understanding of the nature of justice in post-conflict societies. In an era when genocides and mass atrocity crimes continue to occur, it is important to understand the benefits and limitations of legal strategies for post-conflict societies and how they influence other transitional justice mechanisms. We bring to light the clear tension between the different goals of international criminal justice, namely punishment, prevention, and peace, and show that increased reliance on punishment does not necessarily brings about peace. To sustain peace and stability in post-conflict era, countries have also turned to truth and reconciliation commission, lustration, and reparation.

Au Sud-Liban, la Blue Line comme marqueur du post-conflit ?

La region du Sud Liban a ete marquee par une longue occupation militaire israelienne (1978-2000) qui s’est terminee par un retrait unilateral. Lors de ce dernier, les Nations Unies ont delimite une ligne de retrait, dite ligne bleue (Blue Line). Malgre cela, les protagonistes en conflit, Israel et le Hezbollah, ont regulierement viole cette ligne ce qui a fini par deboucher sur la guerre de l’ete 2006. Outre les pertes humaines et materielles, ce conflit a marque le retour en force de la FINUL dans le jeu politique via la resolution onusienne 1701. Des cette epoque, la FINUL a pris l’initiative de marquer physiquement la Blue Line en mettant a contribution les belligerants par le truchement de rencontres tripartites. Cette contribution entend montrer que la mise en place d’un ordre international dans l’espace frontalier routinise la conflictualite politico-militaire regionale tout en favorisant l’imposition aux acteurs belligerants d’une geographie politique « post-conflit » incarnee par la Blue Line.