Possibility Of Hydrogen Storage Research Articles

Possible Applications of Nanomaterials for Nuclear Fusion Devices

Abstract Conditions of nuclear fusion and nuclear fusion devices were described, and some possible applications of nanomaterials for nuclear fusion devices were presented in the present article. Muon-catalyzed fusion is one of methods for nuclear fusion to cause even at room temperature or lower, and protons or heavy ions with huge energy are irradiated to metals such as beryllium or copper, which results in emission of negative or positive charged muons from the metals. An experiment using a pyroelectric power source using lithium tantalite crystal was also reported to achieve nuclear fusion in a desktop-like device. Hydrogen storage is also important for the fusion devices, and the possibility of hydrogen storage in hydrogen storage metallic alloys was studied by diffusion calculation and potential calculation of deuterium fusion. Enhancement of deuterium diffusion in the Pd alloys would be one of the key points for energy materials. Carbon(C)/copper(Cu)-based composite materials with high thermal conductivity and good stability at high temperatures were also developed by adding a small amount of titanium, which has a low enthalpy of alloy formation with C and Cu. These carbon-based materials could be a candidate material for the plasma facing components of fusion devices.

Exploring the possibility of GaPNTs as new materials for hydrogen storage

The possibility of hydrogen storage in gallium phosphate nanotubes (GaPNTs) as a high-capacity hydrogen storage media is studied by employing ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a van der Waals (VdW) correction. The binding energy, the distance of the adsorbed hydrogen molecules and the charge transfer were particularly calculated. The obtained results indicate that hydrogenation of the GaPNTs is sensitive to the curvatures and chiralities of the nanotubes. It is found that the binding energy of hydrogen physisorption on GaP nanotubes is higher that on carbon nanotubes. These results are useful in the search for a proper media for hydrogen storage at ambient conditions.

Hydrate phase equilibria data and hydrogen storage capacity measurement of the system H2 + tetrabutylammonium hydroxide + H2O

The possibility of hydrogen storage in mixed semi-clathrate hydrates formed from hydrogen+tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH)+water was studied using high pressure differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isochoric reactor experiments (p–V–T). The phase diagram of the system TBAOH+water was first investigated, confirming the existence of one congruent melting hydrate and one non-congruent melting hydrate. Secondly, the effect of hydrogen pressure was studied under the range from 0 to 40MPa, and salt mole fractions from 0.0083 to 0.0244. (p, T) equilibrium data for hydrate dissociation in the system H2+TBAOH+water were determined. These results showed that hydrogen has a strong stabilizing effect on the non-congruent TBAOH hydrate structure, dissociation temperatures being increased by about 8K under a pressure of 40MPa. This effect was attributed to hydrogen enclathration into the TBAOH hydrate structure. Hydrogen pressure revealed to have much less effect on the stability of the congruent melting TBAOH hydrate, the increase in dissociation temperatures being of the order of 1K at 40MPa, therefore indicating an absence of H2 enclathration. A volumetric measurement of hydrogen storage capacity of hydrate was performed. The amount of gas entrapped in the hydrate phase was measured to be 0.35–0.47wt% over the pressure range 10–20MPa.

First-principles study of hydrogen storage on Li-decorated silicene

Motivated by experimental developments on silicene, we perform first-principles density functional study on the possibility of hydrogen storage on the Li-decorated silicene. The calculated Li-binding energy on silicene is significantly higher than the Li bulk’s cohesive energy, ruling out any possibility of cluster formations in the Li-doped silicene, which facilitate the reversible hydrogen adsorption and desorption. For one Li atom adsorbing on silicene, each Li could adsorb up to five hydrogen molecules. By adsorbing Li atoms on both sides of silicene, the hydrogen capacity can reach as high as 6.35 wt%, and the average binding energy of H2 molecules falls within the range of 0.32–0.17 eV, which is favorable for developing high-capacity hydrogen storage at room temperature. These findings may provide a potential avenue to design new hydrogen storage materials in silicene-based nanoelectronics.

A (T–P) Phase Diagram of Hydrogen Storage on (N4C3H)6Li6

Temperature-pressure phase diagrams are generated through the study of hydrogen adsorption on the (N(4)C(3)H)(6)Li(6) cluster at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory. The possibility of hydrogen storage in an associated 3D functional material is also explored. Electronic structure calculations are performed to generate temperature-pressure phase diagrams so that the temperature-pressure zones are identified where the Gibbs free energy change associated with the hydrogen adsorption process on (N(4)C(3)H)(6)Li(6) cluster becomes negative and hence thermodynamically favorable. Both adsorption and desorption processes are likely to be kinetically feasible as well.

Hydrogen adsorption on palladium dimer decorated graphene: A bonding study

We report a density-functional theory study of dihydrogen adsorption on a graphene sheet functionalized with palladium dimers considering different adsorption sites on the carbon surface and both molecular and dissociative Pd2H2 coordination structures. Our results show that a (PdH)2 ring without an H–H bond and not dissociative Pd2(H2) complexes are stable adsorbed systems with more elongated Pd−Pd and Pd–H bonds compared to the unsupported configurations caused by C–Pd interactions. In contrast, individual Pd atoms supported on graphene react with H2 to form only a Pd(H2) complex with a relaxed but not dissociated H–H bond. We also performed the Mulliken analysis to study the bonding mechanism during the adsorption process. In most cases, we found donor-acceptor C−Pd and Pd−H interactions in which C 2p, Pd 5s, and H 1s orbitals played an important role. We also found that the adsorption of a second Pd atom close to a PdH2 system destabilizes the H−H bond. In this work we contribute to shed more light on the relation between Pd clustering and the possibility of hydrogen storage in graphene-based materials.

Combining MoS2 or MoSe2 nanoflakes with carbon by reacting Mo(CO)6 with S or Se under their autogenic pressure at elevated temperature

This paper describes a non-aqueous, solvent-free, environmentally friendly, one-pot facile reaction to synthesize inorganic materials inclusion with carbon (MoS2 or MoSe2/C) at low temperatures. Nanoflakes of MoS2 and MoSe2 inclusion with carbon are prepared by a thermal (750 °C) reaction between Mo(CO)6 and S or Se at their autogenic pressure in a closed reactor under inert atmosphere. Elemental sulfur or selenium powders are chosen in order to avoid the use of highly toxic H2S and H2Se gases. Without further processing of the as-prepared MoS2/C or MoSe2/C products, their compositional, morphological and structural characterization are carried out. The possibility of hydrogen storage in as-synthesized MoS2/C or MoSe2/C products is examined. A probable reaction mechanism for the formation of MoS2 or MoSe2 nanoflakes inclusion with C is discussed.

Thermal Decomposition of Commercial Silicone Oil to Produce High Yield High Surface Area SiC Nanorods

This article reports on the synthesis of high surface area (563m2/g) beta-SiC nanorods by thermal decomposition of commercial silicone oil at a relatively low reaction temperature (800 degrees C) in a closed Swagelok cell. High yield (75%) of SiC nanorods are obtained in this one-stage, solvent-, catalyst-, and template-free synthesis technique that runs at a relative low temperature and employs cheap single-precursor. The morphological (TEM, HR-SEM), compositional (CHNS, EDX, SAEDX]), structural (XRD, HR-TEM, and ED), thermal (TGA) characterizations and surface area analysis are carried out for the obtained SiC nanorods. The possibility of hydrogen storage in this high surface area nano-SiC rods are also tested and reported for the first time.