Possessive Research Articles

Les marqueurs linguistiques dans l’amélioration du modèle prédictif de la transition vers la schizophrénie

Over the past twenty years, research in psychiatry has focused primarily on the early detection of schizophrenia. The objective has been to engage the patient with prodromal symptoms in a trajectory of care. It has also been a question of being able to offer treatment as soon as the patient “at risk” of schizophrenia triggered a possible first psychotic episode. Standardized clinical tools were developed and now allow identification of subjects at risk of developing psychotic disorders. However, the reliability of predictions of the psychotic transition, which is between 15 and 25%, remains insufficient. In order to improve care, it is now necessary to highlight markers to refine the prediction of the risk of developing schizophrenia. Some teams are trying to identify linguistic anomalies in UHR subjects (disorganized speech, illogical thoughts, poor speech, altered semantic verbal fluencies…). Some of these abnormalities could be specific to the transition to psychosis. The severity of these markers could be proportional to the progressive stage of the disorder, consistent with the hypothesis of a continuum from normal to pathological in schizophrenia. In addition, automated speech analysis techniques in UHR subjects allow identification of subtle semantic and syntactic anomalies (a decrease in semantic coherence, but also the use of possessive pronouns and a poverty of speech) predictive in 79% of cases of psychotic transition. Some authors demonstrate the value of using linguistic markers and automated speech analysis methods to improve the predictive model of the transition to schizophrenia. However, from reification of language to desubjectification of the individual, this transformation in clinical practice raises ethical and epistemological challenges.

Illi Anna Heger’s Grammatical Futurity

Illi Anna Heger’s 2013 comic-zine, Xier packt xiesen Koffer, proffers new possibilities for gender-inclusive German language with the introduction of their gender-neutral pronouns: xier (personal pronoun), dier (article or relative pronoun), and xies- (possessive pronoun). In addition to providing brief histories of German comics studies, zine culture, and gender-neutral language in German, this article examines the comic-zine’s structure to posit that its hybrid form is central in communicating its vision for inclusive language that creates space for all gender identities.

Het verlies van een persoonlijk voornaamwoord*

Abstract The loss of a personal pronoun. Why they will not be saying hun anymore The personal pronoun hun ‘them’ meets a lot of criticism in Dutch society, not just from language purists, but from language users in general. This can be attributed to a strong mistrust of the pronoun, given that it is well-known for violating no less than two prescriptive rules, one of which prohibits its use as a subject, and the other its use as a direct object or complement of a preposition. This has resulted in a tendency to avoid the use of this personal pronoun across the board. Despite the fact that hun ‘them’ as a personal pronoun has the advantage of exclusively referring to animate or even human individuals, I argue that it is fighting a losing battle with the other personal pronouns that are used to express third person plural. I conclude that it will withdraw from the competition in order to commit itself entirely to its function as a possessive pronoun ‘their’, in which capacity it is unique.

Multiple adnominal modification in Dinka

In Dinka, a Western Nilotic language, most adnominal modifiers follow the head noun. Before most of these modifiers, the head noun is in one of two construct states. One construct state, CS1, occurs before, among others, demonstratives, nominal possessors and relative clauses as CS1-modifiers. The other construct state, CS2, which is morphologically more complex, occurs before, among others, possessive pronouns, a few numerals and a diminutivizer as CS2-modifiers. When a construct-state triggering modifier is added to a CS2-modifier, the latter itself gets construct state marking, and the head noun changes from CS2 to CS1. Some CS1-modifiers also get construct state marking when followed by a construct-state triggering modifier. Multiple adnominal modification in Dinka may thus result in a chain of construct states, which is similar to what is found in Iranian languages with so-called ezafe marking.

Production and comprehension of pronouns in individuals with autism: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

This research compared pronoun use in individuals with autism and typically developing peers. Meta-analysis and systematic review of 20 selected articles were used to determine whether significant differences existed in the use of pronouns overall as well as in personal, ambiguous, possessive, reflexive, and clitic pronoun usage. Summary effects indicated significant differences between individuals with autism and their typically developing peers in the use of pronouns overall as well as in ambiguous, clitic, and reflexive pronoun usage, but not in personal and possessive pronoun usage. Results indicate wide variation in the way individuals with autism use pronouns. Since individual outcomes appear to be moderated by multiple factors, including cognitive ability, first language, and overall language development, it is recommended these be considered in assessment and treatment.

Vivo suo formula, as a possible manifestation of the interconnection of the Greek and Latin languages in Moesia Inferior

The paper focuses on a strange variant of the se vivo expression which can be found mostly in Moesia Inferior: the vivo suo fecit formula. It appears only in twelve inscriptions, but that makes up one third of all the occurrences of the se vivo fecit expression in this region. How can we account for this formula, which cannot be explained by the classical Latin grammar? This intriguing form has attracted the attention of Giovanbattista Galdi, who in 2002 dedicated a paper to the possible origin of the formula. In this paper, he claims that the vivo suo form is the result of the interconnection of the Latin and Greek languages in Moesia Inferior, since the expression usually occurs in areas populated by Greeks. Galdi attributes the emergence of the formula to the fact that the Greek language does not have a possessive pronoun (like the Latin suus), but uses the genitive case of the reflexive pronoun (ἑαυτοῦ) to express the possessive relation. According to this theory the bilingual environment in Moesia Inferior, and more specifically the aforementioned Greek structure caused a confusion in Latin in the use of the possessive pronoun (suus) and the reflexive pronoun (se). The aim of my paper is to examine Galdi’s argument and to point out the problematic elements of this theory.

UKHTI VS UGHTEA: ARABIC KINSHIP ADDRESS TERM AS SLANG AND IDENTITY IN INDONESIAN TWITTER

Microblogging has taken a quotidian position in the scope of internet usage. This research explores the pragmatic of ughtea, a slang form of ukhti, as a term of address slang and identity in Twitter’s prominent behaviour on virtual sphere: tweeting. Semantically, ukhti refers to “sister” of a possessive pronoun of the first person i.e. the speaker, both in biological and ideological contexts. For the last two years (2018—2019), the usage of the term ukhti has undergone the extension of its meaning through its use among Indonesian Twitter users by changing its form into ughtea as a slang with degenerative meaning, in order to insinuate the exclusivity of the use of the term ukhti among Indonesian conservative Muslims and the misbehavior of ukhti. As a result, the meaning of the term ukhti experiences pejoration. These certain Indonesian Twitter users, according to McCulloch’s classification of Internet People (2019) are classified as Post Internet People. This research problem focuses on the analysis of the speakers, terms, and how both terms used in the context of pejoration. This study aims to analyze both terms in terms of shifting meaning in terms of speakers, speech, and usage by implementing corpus linguistic approach and Martin and White (2005)’s appraisal system. Data sources were obtained from Twitter users' tweets during a certain period (October 2019).

The evolutionary trends of grammatical gender in Indo-Aryan languages

Abstract This paper infers the processes of development and change of grammatical gender in Indo-Aryan languages using phylogenetic comparative methods. 48 Indo-Aryan languages are coded based on 44 presence-absence features relating to gender marking on the verbs, adjectives, personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive pronouns. A Bayesian Reverse Jump Hyper Prior analysis, which infers the evolutionary dynamics of changes between feature values, gives results that are consistent with historical linguistic and typological studies on gender systems in Indo-Aryan languages and predicts the evolutionary trends of the features included in the dataset.

Interpretation of Grammatical Category of Gender by Fernão de Oliveira

The present research featured the definition of grammatical gender category as it was coined by Fernão’s de Oliveira (1507–1581), a prominent Portuguese linguist that wrote the first Grammar of the Portuguese Language (1536), where he outlaid the main principles of gender classification. The research was based on F. de Oliveira’s works, namely The Grammar of the Portuguese Language, The Art of Sea Warfare, The Voyage of Fernão de Magalhães, and The Book of Shipbuilding. The linguistic data were selected from the above-mentioned works based on linguistic criteria by the method of continuous sampling. The article also describes various gender definition methods, e.g. morphonology, morphology, anaphora, syntax, secondary morphologization, words of one flexion, and vocalic inflexion (alternation of open and closed, pure and nasal vowels). The analysis of Oliveira’s speculations on grammatical gender revealed that the Portuguese grammarian failed to cover the issues of Singularia / Pluralia tantum, grammatical doublets, toponyms, epicenes, possessive pronouns, and participles.

On the Ambiguity of the So-Called Possessive Marker 'S in English

On the Ambiguity of the So-Called Possessive Marker 'S in English

The cultural opposition “my, our own vs alien”: Russian pronouns in language representation of the concept “patriotism”

The article presents the peculiarities of language objectification of basic archaic cultural opposition “my, our own ‒ alien” by mean of Russian personal and possessive pronouns’ semantics and functioning. The purpose is to detect how the 1st and 2nd person pronouns in their non-referential usage get potentiality to form conceptual content and language representation of the concept “patriotism”. The methodology includes methods of referential and conceptual analysis. The material is the data of lexicographic sources, Russian national Corpus and the authors’ internet-monitoring. The study shows that Russian personal and possessive pronouns contribute most to language expression of culturally significant opposition of “circles ours, our own” and circle “others, aliens”, of values of “own world” and “alien world”. The findings are that the fact of conceptual contraposition of the 1st and the 2nd person pronouns is to be included in linguo-cognitive description of the concept “patriotism”.

L1 Influence in Korean EFL Learners’ Writing: Learner Corpus Research on the Use of the First Person Plural Possessive Pronoun

L1 Influence in Korean EFL Learners’ Writing: Learner Corpus Research on the Use of the First Person Plural Possessive Pronoun

About variations in translation non-finite forms of the verb from English into Russian in the belles-lettres

This article deals with the peculiarities of the translation of non-finite forms of the verb from English into Russian in the belles-lettres. This problem is not studied well enough in modern scientific literature, while when translating non-finite forms into Russian one can face some difficulties.Sometimes while translating a text the accent falls on the lexical aspect, first of all on the shades of meaning, but sometimes invisible syntactic mistakes lead not only to stylistic mistakes, but also the misrepresentation of the meaning. Non-finite forms can be used as a subject, a predicative, part of a compound verbal and modal predicate, an object, an adverbial modifier and an attribute.The infinitive has some nominal characteristics and can be used as a subject, part of a compound nominal predicate, an object and an attribute. As for its verbal characteristics it can take a direct object and has tense and voice distinguishes. As a subject, predicative and adverbial modifiers, it can be translated with the help of the infinitive or a noun. Complexes with the infinitive can be translated by subordinate clauses. If the infinitive is passive, the Russian subordinate clause should have either a passive construction or a non-finite form. If the infinitive is perfect the predicate in the Russian sentence should be used in the past tense. If the perfect infinitive has a passive form the predicative in the Russian subordinate clause should be used in the past tense and have passive voice or a non-finite form.Complex object can be translated by a subordinate clause, while complex subject can be translated only by a compound sentence.The gerund is such a non-finite form, which cannot be found in the Russian language. It can be translated into the Russian language with the help of the infinitive, a verbal noun or a subordinate clause.The combination of the gerund with a possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case form an equivalent of a subordinate clause.Russian present participles can be used only as an attribute, when used in the active voice, while English participles active can be used not only as an attribute, but also as an adverbial modifier. When translating a text, one should pay attention to the place of the participle in the sentence. If it is an attribute it is translated by a Russian participle, if it is used as an adverbial modifier, it is translated by a Russian adverbial participle in the imperative aspect.Participial constructions have no any equivalents in the Russian language, so they should be translated by an adverbial subordinate clause.

Grammaticalization of reflexivity in Basque

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of the changes undergone by the reflexive buru-construction in Basque under the light of grammaticalization theory. On the basis of quantitative historical data, the reflexive construction is argued to have undergone changes predicted by the grammaticalization path of reflexive markers: the distinction between regular and reflexive possessive pronouns is lost; anaphoric, non-reflexive uses of buru disappear; and number agreement between the subject and buru is no longer obligatory. The buru-construction is furthermore argued to have become more prevalent at the expense of other reflexivization strategies. As opposed to these changes, the reflexive construction seems to have degrammaticalized as well: the number of direct object uses of this construction decreases over time, and it occurs in subject position with more predicates in present-day written Basque than in the historical period. In view of these facts, an argument is made against unidirectional conceptions of grammaticalization. External motivations for these developments, such as the standardization of the language, are also considered.

Поглед на ред ријечи у српском књижевном језику и у дијалекту Вукових предака

The order of words in the dialect of Vuk’s ancestors corresponds to the situation in Vuk’s language. It differs from the word order in the Serbian literary language in that it realizes a greater number of potential possibilities in the distribution of sentence parts. The word order is free. The situation is quite archaic. The use of the possessive adjective and the possessive pronoun behind the administrative word is emphasized. Often, these positions also include descriptive adjectives, demonstrative pronouns, and numbers. The word order is not stabilized even when it comes to using multiple attributes with a noun. Broken by a noun or group, they occur in positions that are not allowed in literary terms. This is also the case with the breaking of the syntagmatic entity and the insertion of enclitics where they do not belong.<BR> The great freedom of word order in a sentence structure cannot always be attributed to a stylistically marked order or emphasis and emphasis since the bearers of the dialect of Vuk’s ancestors, in cases where the obligatory order of the sentence parts is violated, miss such opportunities.

The Contrast of Direct Object Between Albanian and English Language

The aim of this study is to point out of similarities, differences, contrasts or generation (as fig. 1 or 2) of the direct object between Albanian and English language by comparing different (function) parts of speech. The direct object in both of languages is the receiver (object) of the action within a sentence. It is typically the noun, all possessive pronouns (in the function of nouns), noun phrase that follows the verb, although the indirect object and subject complements can also occupy this position. The direct and indirect object have some characteristics in common, and this fact justifies their sharing term of object. As the subject, the object is normally a noun phrase or generally a nominal clause e.g. I feel to speak Albanian (DO), and my friend feels to speak English (DO). Shakespeare wrote Hamlet2 (DO). He wrote it (DO). The Senate has discussed this issue (DO). Lufta e jone clirimtare e nxori popullin (DO) ne krye dhe ketu e vetem ketu qendron arsyeja e fitores. Our war of liberation saw our people (DO) through, and it is this and this alone that accounts for the victory. In both languages the direct object usually follows the verb and can be found by the question words / ke “cilin, cfare c’” – who, whom or what/ received the action of the verb.

Anja Šarić, Nominalizations, double genitives and possessives

Anja Šarić, Nominalizations, double genitives and possessives

Kontrastivna obravnava povratnosvojilnega zaimka v slovenščini in ruščini

Prispevek obravnava osnovne značilnosti rabe povratnosvojilnega zaimka svoj v slovenščini in ruščini. Opozorjeno je na različne skladenjske kontekste in na vprašanje koreferenčnosti med povratnosvojilnim zaimkom in njegovim antecedentom. V obeh jezikih se kaže, da je pojavljanje povratnosvojilnega zaimka v različnih skladenjskih vlogah v veliki meri povezano z različnimi tipi pomenskih rab.

A PRACTICAL AS THE MAIN FORM OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ON THE DISCIPLINE “UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE” AT THE HIGHER SCHOOL

A practical is the main form of students' educational activity at the higher educational institutions on the discipline “Ukrainian as a Foreign Language”. Practicals at the higher educational establishment provide students with the detailed consideration of certain theoretical basics of the discipline. They also suggest the formation of skills and abilities, their practical application by the individual, fulfillment of the student's formulated tasks and solving situational problems. Based on the topic “Appearance Description”, the article presents the structure and meaningful content of a practical lesson in Ukrainian as a foreign language.&#x0D; The course of study is structured according to the requirements for practicals at the higher school and adapted to the communicative needs of foreign students studying in Ukraine. The structure of the lesson consists of five stages: organizational part, mastering vocabulary on the topic, performing training exercises, working with the text, current control. The content of a course corresponds to the program of the discipline “Ukrainian as a Foreign Language”, the task is built with regard to the program requirements and is subordinated to the objective of the discipline i.e. to provide basic communicative needs of foreign students in the everyday life, educational and professional spheres. The developed system of exercises is intended to form and improve different types of speech activity (listening, speaking, reading and writing). Knowledge of vocabulary for describing a person’s appearance, ability to build monologues, initiate and conduct a dialogue on the topic, skills to reconcile adjectives, personal and possessive pronouns with nouns in the genus, numbers and case allow to ensure the implementation of communicative needs in communicative needs and needs household, socio-cultural, official-business, educational-professional.

Applying Possessive Pronoun in Writing Sentences: Exploring Students’ Ability and Problems in a Mixed Method Study

The purpose of this research was to find out the students' ability in applying Possessive pronoun in writing sentences and the problems encounter it. This mixed method study employs an explanatory design to reveals it. 53 students out of 105 students from1st semester EFL students from one reputable University in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, were invited to this study. These 53 students were selected using simple random sampling and enrolled for an essay test and interview to see the students' ability and explaining the problems. The data analysis using SPSS showed that the average score of students was 52.98. Meanwhile for the median is 48, the mode is 20. The score of Standard Deviation is 27.93, Variance is 780.25, and Range is 84. Z-Score was found 41.5%, which is means higher than average and 58.5% while, students' ability was indicated below the average. It showed that the students were low ability in applying possessive pronoun in writing sentences. The study also found the common problems, i.e., (1) students still mixed up between possessive pronoun and possessive adjectives. (2) students used the wrong pattern in using a possessive pronoun. (3) students did not understand clearly about a possessive pronoun, (4) experiencing difficulties in learning possessive pronoun.