As the adoption of intelligent machines (e.g. artificial intelligence, algorithms, and robots) accelerates in organizations, how to promote employees’ creative behavior to facilitate human-intelligent machine collaboration has become an important topic of concern for human resource management scholars. Drawing on social cognitive theory and a work design perspective, we propose that employees’ trust in intelligent machines, as a positive perception of intelligent machines, may influence creative behavior through job crafting in intelligent machine contexts from both positive and negative sides, and that this indirect effect is moderated by job autonomy. Specifically, the positive indirect effect is stronger when job autonomy is higher, whereas it becomes weaker or negative when job autonomy is lower. Results from two studies, a field survey study (N = 247) and a scenario-based experimental study (N = 320), support our hypotheses. We discuss the implications of these findings for digital human resource management literature and practice.

Introduction. The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the development of critical thinking in students. Modern pedagogical approaches aimed at improving the level of personal development of school-children, improving academic discipline, stimulating productive knowledge, skills of independent choice, critical analysis, reflection and independent thinking in a digital educational environment are discussed. The main challenges faced by teachers and users when implementing AI in the educational process are described, as well as examples and recommendations for overcoming them. Purpose setting. The relevance of considering this topic is due to the fact that the modern educational space is actively being transformed under the influence of digital technologies and AI. One of the key aspects of the introduction of AI into educational processes is its impact on the development of critical thinking in students. The methodology and methodology of the study. In the article, within the framework of the author’s personal pedagogical activity, which is based on a systematic approach to the analysis of the educational process using AI, as well as on pedagogical theories of the development of critical thinking, it is shown that modern pedagogical practices based on the use of AI determine the positive and negative sides of its application. Results. The article defines that AI systems, such as intelligent learning platforms, help students analyze large amounts of information and identify key aspects. However, they limit the independence of students if they are used without proper pedagogical support. AI contributes to the formation of information synthesis skills through the generation of problem tasks and automatic feedback. However, dependence on algorithms can reduce the depth of independent analytical work. Conclusion. AI provides significant opportunities for the development of critical thinking in students, in particular, through adaptive learning and automated feedback. However, the effective use of technology requires a conscious pedagogical approach aimed at combining digital and traditional teaching methods. Teachers need to adapt their approaches in order not only to stimulate the cognitive activity of students, but also to minimize potential risks, such as a decrease in independent thinking.

The education environment has turned around and ceased to be chalk board lectures but through digital mediation, and interactive and smart learning space. The article named, From Chalkboards to Chatbots: The Revolution in Teaching Methodologies, explores the changes that have occurred in the science of teaching due to advancement in technology and the expectation that has changed among the learners. It discusses ways of how the student centered, collaborative and technology integrated methods have gradually superseded the traditional teacher centered models in which knowledge is passively delivered. The paper will explore the ways of how digital technologies such as learning management systems, virtual classroom, adaptive learning platform, and AI-based chatbots have been incorporated into a modern education system. Special attention is given to the factors that make these innovations more accessible, personal and provide a real-time feedback. It further explains the transformation of pedagogy to blended learning, flipped classroom and experiential pedagogy, which encourages critical thinking and autonomy of learners by exploring in the paper. Despite the acknowledgment of the positive sides of technological integration, the paper addresses such concerns as the problem of digital divide, issues of data privacy, teacher preparedness, and the need to apply artificial intelligence in classrooms in a morally acceptable manner. The paper reveals the significance of a balance between human interaction and digital innovation through a review of the modern educational practices and the technological trends. The results indicate that the successful change is not only technological but pedagogical that needs the ongoing professional growth, institutional assistance, and considerate redesign of the curriculum. Finally, the disappearance of chalkboards in favour of chatbots is a redefinition of the teacher role as a knowledge transmitter into a facilitator, mentor, and learning architect to make sure that technology is an enabler of meaningful and inclusive learning and not a substitute to human interaction.

Challenges and Positive Sides in Studying Bulgarian as Seen by Russian-Speaking Students

In the era of globalization and digitalization, the most common method of teaching foreign languages is the communicative method. This article discusses the types of teaching methods, their application in language lessons, the use of the communicative method in language lessons, as well as its pedagogical effectiveness and practical results. This approach develops students' four competencies: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Along with the positive aspects of this method, some disadvantages were analyzed: the level of teacher training, the psychological limitations of students, and the lack of technological tools in classrooms. The use of technological tools in lessons organized according to this method contributes to the development of students' speech skills. All these positive and negative sides were compared, and a general conclusion was drawn. According to this conclusion, properly planned and organized application of communication lessons can lead to positive results in English lessons.

The Icelandic writer Gunnar Gunnarsson (1889–1975), who wrote in Danish, and the Swedish pedagogue, literary scholar and politician Stellan Arvidson (1902–1997) exchanged letters for 50 years (their ca 350 letters are kept at the National Library of Iceland). Their political opinions diverged early on, however, which became particularly obvious in relation to Germany: Whereas the anti-Nazi Arvidson lost his position as lecturer in Swedish in Greifswald following the Machtübernahme in 1933, Gunnarsson was a frequent guest in Nazi-Germany where he received an honorary doctorate in Heidelberg in 1936; he is also known as the only Icelander to have met Hitler in person. During the Cold War, Gunnarsson sided strongly with the anti-communist camp, whereas Arvidson, although a social democrat, remained a true friend of the GDR (honorary doctorate in Rostock in 1969, professor in Greifs­wald in 1981) until the fall of the Berlin Wall and beyond. It is remarkable how Gunnarsson, because he had seen the “injustices” the Ver­sailles peace agreement had caused the Germans, tended to notice only the positive sides of the “national revival” in Germany of the 1930s. Arvidson, in contrast, had realised the danger of Nazism early on but for that very reason later became insen­sitive to the dark sides of the GDR. In spite of all these differences the two seem to have been genuinely good friends who enjoyed each other’s company. It appears, furthermore, that Gunnarsson, who often felt at odds with both the Danish and Icelandic literary scenes, found it easy to confide in Arvidson as a Swede. Add to this Arvidson’s never-failing zest in pro­moting Gunnarsson in Sweden (although the hopes of a Nobel Prize would not materialize), which remained the fundament for their lifelong friendship.

This study explores the implementation, perceived advantages, challenges, and potential future of artificial intelligence in the film industry. As AI is becoming more prominent as a factor in creative and technical work, it is important to study the perception of industry experts to determine how AI affects the work at present and in the future. The research will focus on giving empirical understanding of how artificial intelligence is perceived and used in various filmmaking roles.The method of a quantitative research was adopted and a structured questionnaire was used with the film industry professionals. The respondents included 230 people who represented various positions, such as directors, producers, editors, cinematographers, screenwriters, VFX and animation specialists, and film students. Data were gathered via an online survey and measured in terms of a five-point Likert scale. The analysis of awareness, level of adoption, perceived benefits, challenges, future expectations, and overall attitudes towards artificial intelligence was performed through the use of descriptive statistical methods such as frequencies and percentages.The results indicate that the awareness of artificial intelligence and its familiarity among the respondents are high, and most of them acknowledged the increased use of artificial intelligence in filmmaking. The use of artificial intelligence is most visible in the post-production areas, especially in editing and visual effects, where it has been seen to increase efficiency and could save time and cost and also increase the quality of output. The use of artificial intelligence in decision-making, audience targeting, and technical advancement is widely recognized by the respondents, whereas the views on the use of artificial intelligence in creativity are rather skeptical. High implementation costs, lack of technical skills, and ethical issues are identified as the key challenges. Although apprehension regarding job displacement exists, responses indicate uncertainty rather than strong resistance. On the whole, the professionals are very optimistic about the future of artificial intelligence in the film industry.This research comes to the conclusion that artificial intelligence is a well-accepted valuable and transformative tool in the movie industry. Although the positive sides of it are well known, to integrate it successfully and effectively, it is essential to take care of the gaps in skills, the problem of the cost, and even the ethical issues. These results indicate a progressive attitude to the industry, where artificial intelligence is viewed as facilitator of innovation but not as the threat to creative practice.

Two main approaches to understanding probability are considered, their disadvantages and positive sides, and the absence of contradictory results is explained. The application of frequency and a priori approaches in practice, existing alternatives, their difficulties and solutions are discussed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how political connections impact corporate digital transformation in the era of digital economy. Design/methodology/approach We conduct regression analyses using a sample of A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2021 to examine whether and how political connections impact the digital transformation of firms. The results show that political connections significantly impede the digital transformation of firms. Findings The mediating effects analysis shows that the inhibiting effect is primarily exerted through two channels: weakening board supervision and suppressing innovation quality and the concealment of favoritism by local officials may account for the non-significance of the government subsidy mechanism. The moderating analysis shows that equity concentration and salary incentives mitigate the negative effects of political connections. The average age of executives strengthens the negative effects of political connections, while the heterogeneity of executive age weakens the negative effects of political connections. And customer concentration weakens the negative effects of political connections. Originality/value This paper decomposes the mechanisms of political connections affecting DT of firms into the positive and negative sides and forms an analytical framework, which is used in the moderation and heterogeneity analysis. This provides some inspiration for the research of analyzing political and economic consequences of political connections, and has useful references for the government and firms on how to correctly treat the relationship between them.

In today’s technology-based environment, artificial intelligence (AI) is being developed at a very fast rate which has completely changed the way humans work. This study seeks to examine the impact of AI on human work efficiency, focusing on human trust in AI technology and tendencies toward laziness. Moreover, it explores the moderating role of perceived risk in the relationships between human trust in AI, laziness, and work efficiency. Data was collected through an online survey sent to the human resource department of a Chinese company from which 337 respondents participated. A Proposed research model of the study was examined using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Analyzed data demonstrates that there is a strong link between AI and human trust in AI technology, with no substantial effect on laziness. Trust in AI is positively correlated with work efficiency, while laziness negatively impacts work efficiency. Additionally, perceived risk weakens the link between trust in AI and work efficiency, while strengthening the negative connection between laziness and work efficiency. Such results have consequences for management and employees, especially in terms of AI capability utilization to improve work efficiency. A careful planning and controlling of AI technology may optimize the positive sides of AI.

The author examines the positive and negative sides of chemical Olympiads, the problems and difficulties associated with them from different points of view. Many of the existing problems require solutions, including at the legislative level.

Although micromanagement commonly characterized with excessive control and negative impacts is theoretically expected to decline, it is still a major workplace concern in contemporary organizational life especially when numerous digital solutions are developed and adopted by organizations. By reviewing 94 papers systematically selected from organizational studies, the study aims to clarify how micromanagement is understood and measured, and identify what are underlying theories and nomological network of the current research. The review found that explicitly or implicitly drawing upon different leadership, management and social-based theories, micromanagement is manifested through various individual qualities but lacks a clear and formal definition and validated measurement scale. Its occurrence and consequences vary over time across individual factors such as personality trait, leaders’ competence or perception and contextual factors such as task characteristics, organizational culture or organizational structure. The findings are structured into an integrative framework that can enrich current literature, direct future research, and enhance managers’ awareness of causes, manifestations and positive sides of micromanagement. As a result, managers can be more flexible in deploying micromanagement to achieve organizational goals but not at the expense of individual well-being.

In the 60s of the XIX century, young Ilia Chavchavadze, beginning to present in a new way the issues related to traditional literary principles, trends, and translation activities, in the journalistic article “A Few Words…” (which was published in the magazine “Tsiskari”); he actually confronts the generation for which these old traditions are inviolable. Among those who controverses Ilia Chavchavadze, for the first time, a woman (poet, playwright, publicist) appears, a mother of a family, a worthy member of society, to whom Ilia Chavchavadze’s views are alien. Later, this poetess, Barbare Eristavi-Jorjadze herself (1833-1895), was joined in a contest with the prominent representative of the “New Generation” poet and publicist Akaki Tsereteli. However, the confrontation between Ilia and Akaki did not mean a rejection of Barbare Jorjadze, which was also expressed in the fact that the Georgian theater they restored opened with a play by Jorjadze (Tsereteli 1960). The aim of the article is to present the contribution of this remarkable writer, Barbare Jorjadze, to Georgian literature and even to the process of confrontation between generations, especially since she was one of the first, whose “Georgian Cuisine and Family Recipes” (1874) became a table-top model for Georgian housewives throughout the century, as well as her poems “To a Man”, “To Men” and the publicistic note “A Few Words for the Attention of Young Men”, where she decisively raised the issue of gender equality, became important (Gaprindashvili, 2014). Our study aims to present Barbara Jorjadze’s views to foreign researchers, to highlight its negative and positive sides, which is very important in the history of the struggle for women’s emancipation on the example of Georgia. Historical-comparative methodology is used, and the conclusions draw attention to the work of B. Assessment of Jorjadze's contribution both by her contemporaries and today, in the 21st century (Bakradze, 1960).

The growing competition among developers of IT projects requires constantly increasing the speed of development. This, in turn, negatively affects the quality and cost of the finished product. At the same time, the decrease in speed and quality and the increase in cost are not related to the low qualifications of an individual developer, but to the poor organization of the development process. The subject of the research is the most popular methodologies and approaches and the methods and tools used in them. The purpose of the study is to systematize knowledge about modern methods and tools, determine their compatibility, evaluate the positive and negative sides in order to understand the feasibility of their combination aimed at reducing limitations. The study conducted a literature review to identify the methods and tools used in the most popular methodologies and approaches. Special attention is paid to their applicability and limitations. A survey was prepared and conducted among industry representatives in order to identify the methods and tools used in practice. Based on the analysis of data obtained during the review of literature sources and the survey, recommendations were made on the selection and use of methods and tools to ensure applicability in more cases and reduce restrictions.

The era has changed, from pre-modern to modern and now enters the postmodern era which is characterized by philosophical thinking from postmodernism which is subjective, anti-historical, pluralism of perspective and relativity. The presence of Postmodern thought is inevitable for many of humanity, including believers. These principles pose a challenge to Christian values and have an impact on the churches in Indonesia. . The influence exerted by postmodernism has also received a response from many experts. Some religious theologians and religious authority figures assert that postmodernism represents a rejection of truth. Postmodernism is one that is full of doubt, does not believe in anything, is critical and tries to look behind the surface and does not accept conventional wisdom. The response of several sociologists in Indonesia to postmodernism is generally divided into two, namely corrective and repressive attitudes. Or the question is whether Postmodern Theology is accepted or rejected? Postmodern theology offers a new perspective on understanding religion, but it also raises questions and challenges. It is important to understand both the positive and negative sides of this approach so that we can develop a deeper understanding of religion and human diversity. This article is therefore written to provide a deeper understanding of postmodernism and its implications for the Christian faith, so that it is hoped that in the future more believers will be able to give thoughtful answers and show us the attitude we should take. The results of this paper are also expected to be useful to show that Christian Theology or the Churches in Indonesia have different principles of truth from postmodernism thought and to provide a view on how the Church or believers should respond to the challenges posed by postmodernism.

Purpose. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI relies on multiple saturation offsets to correct B0 inhomogeneity-induced quantification errors at the cost of a prolonged scan time. We previously developed a deep learning-based method for B0 inhomogeneity correction in Glutamate-weighted CEST (GluCEST) using a parsimonious number of Z-spectrum offset images, which can significantly reduce scan time and provide better correction quality. In this study, we propose a Transformer-based model that achieves B0 correction using only downfield Z-spectrum offset images, further reducing scan time by about 50%. Methods. B0 correction was performed separately for the positive and negative sides of the Z-spectrum using reduced saturation offset acquisitions. We constructed distinct Swin transformer networks for each side, training them to learn the nonlinear mapping from a limited number of GluCEST images at various frequencies on the positive side to the specific 3 ppm points where GluCEST peaks. A similar methodology was applied to NOE CEST imaging, optimizing each network to effectively handle the unique characteristics of each spectrum side. Results. The Transformer-based models significantly outperformed the previous deep learning methods both visually and quantitatively. By limiting inputs to only the positive Z-spectrum offsets, we achieved a 50% reduction in data acquisition time compared with previous deep learning approaches while maintaining B0 inhomogeneity correction accuracy. Conclusion. Efficient B0 inhomogeneity correction in GluCEST and NOE MRI can be achieved by using a select number of offset images from the downfield Z-spectrum, reducing the acquisition time by over 80%. The proposed transformer-based model demonstrates superior performance over traditional convolutional neural networks, offering a robust and efficient solution for performing CEST MRI in clinical practice.

ABSTRACT The correspondence with experimentally observed expanded shapes of single Shockley-type stacking faults (1SSFs), which are referred to as the final expansion shapes, is affected not only by the expansion limiting boundaries, such as the substrate/epi-layer interface and the n/p interface of PiN diodes or epitaxial layer surface, but also by where the expansion initiation point is located. In this study, these findings were derived for the first time by estimating the final expansion shape, and the results affirmed that the location of the basal plane dislocation (BPD) segment is as important as the structure of the BPD itself. We also reorganised the 1SSF expansion shapes according to the BPD structure, such as further considering three negative Burgers vectors, line directions, and types of layers with different facing direction of tetrahedrons, which corresponds to a total of 72 classifications. We were able to demonstrate through experimental analysis that the necessity of the Burgers vector on the negative side of BPD cannot be ignored, particularly when analysing the characteristic of the 1SSF structures from BPDs, which involves the bending of the dislocation line. The investigation also indicated that there are only 36 classifications in terms of the final extended shape of 1SSF, clarifying the correspondence between the equivalent Burgers vectors on the positive and negative sides.

The advancement of digital technology has brought significant impacts in the world of education, both on the positive and negative sides. This study aims to identify and address the negative impact of the use of digital technology in the learning process, especially at SMA Muhammadiyah 10 Gresik. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with observation techniques and interviews with teachers and students. The results show that although technology facilitates access to information and improves learning efficiency, its uncontrolled use can cause distraction, decreased learning focus, and moral and social disruption of learners. In addition, unwise use of the internet can also lead to addiction, cyberbullying and misuse of information. To overcome this, collaboration between teachers, schools and parents is needed to build character, organize appropriate learning strategies, and provide controls and facilities that support the positive use of technology. Cultivating digital ethics and technology literacy are key to creating a healthy and responsible learning environment in the digital era.

The article examines the problems of the imperial project and state policy of Russia in the process of developing Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The object of the work is the analysis of historical and philosophical studies in American historiography. The subject of the study is the imperial project and Russia's policy towards Siberia during the active phase of resettlement to Siberia through the prism of American historiography. The author's conclusions are based on published and unpublished historical sources on this historical issue. The work highlights the main directions on this issue, analyzes and defines trends on the historical topic within the framework of the discourse of foreign historiography at the moment. The migration issue was important not only for domestic historiography, but was also deeply rethought in foreign historiography. The methodological basis for writing the article is the use of a new cultural and intellectual history based on the discursive practice of the scientific community in a certain socio-cultural approach. The problem of empire is one of the most pressing and hotly debated, despite its archaic origin, which only confirms its fundamentality and scientific significance. The article analyzes the approaches of foreign historiography to the problem of the imperial project: the project as colonization, the project as expansion, the project as a continuation of the domestic policy of the state. The work systematizes the main approaches, highlights their positive and negative sides. The role and importance of foreign historiography for understanding the imperial project is determined. The concepts of the imperial project within the framework of the frontier, modernization and colonization are considered, the general and difference are highlighted. The analysis is implemented through the methodology of new imperial history, which allows for a more constructive consideration of the research problems.

Introduction. The socialization of student youth today is taking place under the powerful influence of digitalization, which has both positive and negative sides. The university's task is to minimize the spontaneous impact of online content on students through purposefully created conditions and measures that affect the formation of adequate self-esteem in the process of socialization. The aim of the study is to identify the priority type of identity of students and its impact on their self–esteem, to develop proposals for strengthening non-virtual types of identity - university, professional, regional, etc. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2020 and 2024. In 2020, 53 students participated in the study, and in 2024 – 50 students of the Department of Management at the Faculty of Business of Novosibirsk State Technical University (Russian Federation). The peculiarities of students' self-esteem were analyzed through the prism of identity, that is, taking into account the fact that an individual manifests self-perception by associating himself with certain social groups. A survey was conducted through questionnaires and testing using the «twenty-statement test» by M. Kuhn and T. McPartland. The questionnaire used closed alternative questions. The data was processed and visualized using the method of bar charts and pie charts. KEYWORDS The results of the study. The research revealed the influence of the prevailing online identity of students on the formation of their overestimated self–esteem as representatives of the social network and underestimated self-esteem as representatives of the student community in real life. Feeling themselves in the context of online identity, students tend to overestimate their real capabilities, while in the context of the student community, self-esteem decreases as the time spent online by students increases. Among the representatives of the group who are online from 3 to 5 hours a day, the average percentage of students' self–assessment as representatives of the online community is 82 positive and 18 negative; as representatives of the student community – 31 positive and 69 negative (2020). In 2024, the online community – 79 positive and 21 negative; the student community – 33 positive and 67 negative. Conclusions. The research initiates the development of a comprehensive socializing strategy implemented through the university's digital ecosystem, capable of making the processes of interpersonal communication in its internal and external circuits relatively manageable. The introduction of the communication platform into the educational processes at the university allows students to get out of their individual online worlds and form a student identity, significantly expanding the range of their contacts and creating the need for cooperation