Positive Influence Of Temperature Research Articles

Integration of a void healing criterion in multi-scale modeling of hot rolling

After closure, voids need to be healed through bonding and interface dissolution to restore the mechanical properties and produce a sound product. For the prediction of void healing and the respective process optimization, a void healing criterion, spanning all three phases is needed. While hot rolling is generally suited for void healing, with large deformations at hydrostatic pressure as well as high temperatures, not all regions in the workpiece offer the same void healing conditions. Due to gradients of these metrics e. g. along the normal direction, a space-resolved approach is needed. Previously, a practical void healing criterion combining void closure and subsequent recrystallization has been proposed and applied to exemplary hot rolling processes. Besides a broader application of the criterion, adding the process parameters roll diameter and temperature, the present paper mainly aims for the experimental validation of this criterion. In bonding trials, a positive influence of temperature and strain on the bond strength has been found. While no clear correlation of the holding time on the bond strength was detectible without concurrent contact pressure the experiments suggested a saturation strain as an indicator for void healing instead. Accordingly, the criterion has been revised and a strain-based criterion proposed, applied, and compared to the previously introduced recrystallization-based void healing criterion.

Reversed Holocene temperature–moisture relationship in the Horn of Africa

Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to severely impact the global hydrological cycle1, particularly in tropical regions where agriculture-based economies depend on monsoon rainfall2. In the Horn of Africa, more frequent drought conditions in recent decades3,4 contrast with climate models projecting precipitation to increase with rising temperature5. Here we use organic geochemical climate-proxy data from the sediment record of Lake Chala (Kenya and Tanzania) to probe the stability of the link between hydroclimate and temperature over approximately the past 75,000 years, hence encompassing a sufficiently wide range of temperatures to test the ‘dry gets drier, wet gets wetter’ paradigm6 of anthropogenic climate change in the time domain. We show that the positive relationship between effective moisture and temperature in easternmost Africa during the cooler last glacial period shifted to negative around the onset of the Holocene 11,700 years ago, when the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration exceeded 250 parts per million and mean annual temperature approached modern-day values. Thus, at that time, the budget between monsoonal precipitation and continental evaporation7 crossed a tipping point such that the positive influence of temperature on evaporation became greater than its positive influence on precipitation. Our results imply that under continued anthropogenic warming, the Horn of Africa will probably experience further drying, and they highlight the need for improved simulation of both dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the tropical hydrological cycle.

Intra-Decadal (2012-2021) Dynamics of Spatial Ichthyoplankton Distribution in Sevastopol Bay (Black Sea) Affected by Hydrometeorological Factors.

High mortality of fish in the early stages of ontogenesis requires the detection of factors affecting it and is an extremely important problem. For this reason, we tried to consider the influence of some hydrometeorological factors on the intra-decadal dynamics and spatial distribution of ichthyoplankton abundance in Sevastopol Bay. To this end, we analyzed ichthyoplankton samples collected in 2012−2021 in Sevastopol Bay, and the four districts were identified. The ichthyoplankton distribution by areas was associated with the peculiarities of the pollution distribution. The maximum numbers in eggs (34.7 ± 7.5 ind. m−2) and larvae (10.0 ± 2.4 ind. m−2) were recorded in July−August. For the first time, a positive effect of temperature and repeatability of north and northeast winds on the ichthyoplankton number during the summer spawning in all identified areas of Sevastopol Bay using principal component analysis (PCA) was reported. In the southern region, positive influence of temperature and northerly winds on the ichthyoplankton abundance was confirmed by ANOVA (p = 0.02), and Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between these parameters on inter-annual scale (r > 0.5). In the eastern area, the discharge of rivers is an additional factor affecting the abundance of ichthyoplankton, while in the western and central areas, these factors were the wind characteristics caused by the orography peculiarities. The pollution spread in Sevastopol Bay is also largely due to the wind regime. The importance of comprehensive monitoring studies using intra-decadal data on ichthyoplankton is emphasized.

Data Mining Methods to Detect Airborne Pollen of Spring Flowering Arboreal Taxa

Variations in the airborne pollen load are among the current and expected impacts on plant pollination driven by climate change. Due to the potential risk for pollen-allergy sufferers, this study aimed to analyze the trends of the three most abundant spring-tree pollen types, Pinus, Platanus and Quercus, and to evaluate the possible influence of meteorological conditions. An aerobiological study was performed during the 1993–2020 period in the Ourense city (NW Spain) by means of a Hirst-type volumetric sampler. Meteorological data were obtained from the ‘Ourense’ meteorological station of METEOGALICIA. We found statistically significant trends for the Total Pollen in all cases. The positive slope values indicated an increase in pollen grains over the pollen season along the studied years, ranging from an increase of 107 to 442 pollen grains. The resulting C5.0 Decision Trees and Rule-Based Models coincided with the Spearman’s correlations since both statistical analyses showed a strong and positive influence of temperature and sunlight on pollen release and dispersal, as well as a negative influence of rainfall due to washout processes. Specifically, we found that slight rainfall and moderate temperatures promote the presence of Pinus pollen in the atmosphere and a marked effect of the daily thermal amplitude on the presence of high Platanus pollen levels. The percentage of successful predictions of the C5.0 models ranged between 62.23–74.28%. The analysis of long-term datasets of pollen and meteorological information provides valuable models that can be used as an indicator of potential allergy risk in the short term by feeding the obtained models with weather prognostics.

Enhanced adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by activated sand/metal layered double hydroxides

ABSTRACT In the present study, Mg-Fe and Ni-Fe layered double hydroxides have been examined to enhance the uptake capacity of activated sand as low-cost adsorbents for adsorption of phosphate. The physical and chemical properties of adsorbents were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The best efficiency of both adsorbents was obtained at the optimum condition of initial phosphate concentration: 1000 mg/L, adsorbent dose: 1 g, pH: 7–7.5, and a temperature of 298 K. The equilibrium isotherm studies show that the best result was attained in the Langmuir model for phosphate; therefore, homogeneous adsorption is dominated, which was also emphasised by three-parameter-isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity for functionalised sand with Mg-Fe and Ni-Fe layered double hydroxides were obtained 69.47 and 66.64 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and demonstrate that the porous diffusion effectiveness is over film diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters evoke the feasibility of the adsorption process as well as the positive influence of temperature on adsorption.

The response of net primary productivity to climate change and its impact on hydrology in a water-limited agricultural basin.

Climate change has remarkably altered growing-season vegetation growth, but the impacts of vegetation variability on the regional hydrological cycle remain poorly understood. Exploring the relationships between climate change, vegetation dynamics, and hydrologic factors would contribute to the sustainable management of ecosystems. Here, we investigated the response of vegetation dynamics to climate change and its impact on hydrologic factors in a traditional agricultural basin with limited water resources in China, Nansi Lake Basin (NLB). To this end, CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model and the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model were applied to simulate the net primary productivity (NPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water in the growing season (April-October) from 2000 to 2016. Results showed that the mean growing-season NPP (NPPGS) exhibited an ascending trend at a rate of 2.93 g C/m2/year during the 17-year period. The intra-annual variation of NPPGS displayed two peaks in May and July, respectively. The first peak in May was accompanied by relative deficits in soil water, which might inhibit vegetation productivity. Precipitation was the principal climatic factor controlling NPPGS dynamics in the water-limited NLB. The positive influence of temperature on NPPGS was relatively weak, and even future warming could negatively affect ecosystem productivity in the south-central regions of the NLB. Furthermore, a strongly positive relationship between NPPGS and ET was detected, suggesting that increasing NPP in the future might stimulate the rise in ET and then exacerbate drought at the watershed scale. This study provides an integrated model for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between vegetation, climate, and hydrological cycle, and highlights the importance of water-saving agriculture for future food security.

The Influence of Average Temperature and Relative Humidity on New Cases of COVID-19: Time-Series Analysis.

BackgroundThe influence of meteorological factors on the transmission and spread of COVID-19 is of interest and has not been investigated.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the associations between meteorological factors and the daily number of new cases of COVID-19 in 9 Asian cities.MethodsPearson correlation and generalized additive modeling (GAM) were performed to assess the relationships between daily new COVID-19 cases and meteorological factors (daily average temperature and relative humidity) with the most updated data currently available.ResultsThe Pearson correlation showed that daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 were more correlated with the average temperature than with relative humidity. Daily new confirmed cases were negatively correlated with the average temperature in Beijing (r=–0.565, P<.001), Shanghai (r=–0.47, P<.001), and Guangzhou (r=–0.53, P<.001). In Japan, however, a positive correlation was observed (r=0.416, P<.001). In most of the cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, and Kuala Lumpur), GAM analysis showed the number of daily new confirmed cases to be positively associated with both average temperature and relative humidity, especially using lagged 3D modeling where the positive influence of temperature on daily new confirmed cases was discerned in 5 cities (exceptions: Beijing, Wuhan, Korea, and Malaysia). Moreover, the sensitivity analysis showed, by incorporating the city grade and public health measures into the model, that higher temperatures can increase daily new case numbers (beta=0.073, Z=11.594, P<.001) in the lagged 3-day model.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that increased temperature yield increases in daily new cases of COVID-19. Hence, large-scale public health measures and expanded regional research are still required until a vaccine becomes widely available and herd immunity is established.

Elimination of Congo Red Dye from Industrial Wastewater Using Teucrium polium L. as a Low-Cost Local Adsorbent

A novel adsorbent prepared from the leaf powder of Teucrium polium L. (TPLLP) was characterized and its ability for adsorption of Cong red (CR) was inspected. Influences of CR concentration, adsorbent dosage, time of agitation, pH of solution, and temperature on the performance of this adsorption were also examined. Three models of kinetic along with three different isotherm models were applied for analyzing the empirical data of this adsorption. Additionally, the thermodynamic constants of were decided. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pHZPC of Zn/Cu-TPLLP were found to be 2.6436 m2.g-1, 0.013317 cm3.g-1, 527.393 Å, and 8.8, respectively. The achieved outcomes indicate the positive influence of temperature, concentration of CR in the range of 20 to 900 mg/L, adsorbent mass in the range of 0.005 to 0.02 g, time of adsorption from 0 to 120 min, and pH from 5.5 to 8.5. Models of the 2nd order with [Formula: see text] and Langmuir with [Formula: see text] were the best among the other kinetic and isotherm models applied in this research. Moreover, superior capacities of 526.32, 666.67, and 909.09 (mg.g-1) were stemmed at 27, 42, and 57°C, respectively. The outcomes of the thermodynamic evidenced that this adsorption is spontaneous and a heat absorber.

Influencing Factors of Ozone Concentration in Xi'an Based on Generalized Additive Models

Based on the ozone monitoring data from 2014 to 2018, we presented the variation of ozone concentration in Xi'an and revealed the effects of ozone concentration by meteorological factors based on the generalized additive model (GAM). The results showed that ① with increasing ozone concentration year by year, the assessment standard of ozone pollution was overtaken by three consecutive years since 2016. However, the rising trend was slowed down since 2017 as a result of the strengthened pollution control during summer. ② The monthly curve of ozone concentration was presented as a reversed "V" model with a rising trend accompanying the rising temperature from January to July and a decreasing one during the rest of the year, peaking in July in terms of average monthly ozone concentration. However, this model would turn into an "M" in years with high precipitation when the valley witnessed the highest precipitation in a month. ③ The ozone pollution increased from the year 2014 to 2018 with a stretch-forward ozone polluted time. Furthermore, the rates of ozone non-attainment increased from 1.9% in 2014 to 14% in 2018. In addition, the time ozone pollution emerged advanced from July to May. ④ Based on the GAM model, ozone concentration was non-colinearly related to temperature, air pressure, sunshine duration, and relative humidity. However, the curves of these factors varied considerably, with a positive influence of temperature and sunshine duration and a negative influence of air pressure and relative humidity. The influence of precipitation was mainly witnessed in summers, while no influence of wind was observed. Furthermore, ozone pollution can be easily triggered under the following conditions:temperature>24℃, air pressure <962 hPa, sunshine duration>9 h, and a relative humidity 36%-65% with no rain.

Climate signal shift under the influence of prevailing climate warming – Evidence from Quercus liaotungensis on Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China

Increasing climate warming is inducing drought stress and resulting in forest growth decline in many places around the world. The recent climate of northern China has shown trends of both warming and drying. In this study, we obtained tree ring width chronology of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. from Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China. We divided the temperature series of the study area into cooling (1940–1969) and warming intervals (1970–2016). The climate–tree growth response analysis showed that temperature exerted a limiting impact on the annual radial growth of Q. liaotungensis during the cooling period, whereas the influence of temperature was lower during the warming period. The moving correlation analysis showed that the influence of summer temperature decreased with the warming climate since the 1970s, and that the influence of winter and spring temperatures decreased since the 2000s. The correlation values between the chronology and precipitation decreased during the cooling period, whereas spring and early summer precipitation correlations began to increase in the 1970s and reached significance (p < 0.05) in the 1990s. Our results show that the positive influence of temperature on radial growth of Q. liaotungensis in the study area has weakened, whereas precipitation has become the dominant regulator with climate warming. These findings suggest that forest growth on Dongling Mountain will decline if climate warming continues in the future.

Inverse effects of recent warming on trees growing at the low and high altitudes of the Dabie Mountains, subtropical China

Understanding how tree rings of different species at different elevations respond to climate, and whether their relationship is stable over time is crucial not only for credible palaeoclimatic reconstructions, but also for better awareness of forest growth dynamics and therefore making scientific management decisions against a background of global warming. In this work, six tree-ring chronologies of Pinus taiwanensis at three sites from 800 to 1550 m above sea level (asl), and Pinus massoniana at three sites from 500 to 650 m asl were developed in the Dabie Mountains (DBS), subtropical China. In recent decades, only P. taiwanensis at 1550 m asl showed a positive growth-trend. Both P. taiwanensis at 800 m asl and three low-altitude P. massoniana at 500–650 m asl showed negative growth trends. Climate-growth relationship analyses revealed that 1) temperature was the dominant climatic factor that controlled tree-ring growth in DBS. It exerted most influence on trees growing at the lower and upper limit, than for trees growing at altitudes from 650 to 1450 m asl. Only precipitation in October positively influenced tree growth of P. massoniana at all three sites and P. taiwanensis at 800 m asl; 2) There was a shift in temperature’s impact on trees, that was from significantly negative relationship at the four lower altitudes, mainly for the current growing-season, to significantly positive relationship in previous February–July period at the highest altitude. The higher the altitude, the more significant the lag effect of temperature on trees; 3) The influence of temperature on tree growth at most altitudes were variable over time. The positive influence of temperature on trees at 1550 and 1450 m asl was comparatively stable during the early period of instrumental records. It strengthened evidently since the early 1990s, which is coincidental with the timing of the evident temperature increase in DBS. On the contrary, the negative impacts of temperature on tree growth at 800, 650 and 500 m asl had weakened since the early 1990s. Besides the increase of water use efficiency of trees, we speculated that the increasing influence of precipitation in May and July weakened the relationship between temperature and tree rings at low altitudes. This work points out that the upper and lower limits of forest in DBS offer the preferred locations for future sampling in climate reconstruction, but the stability of tree growth and climate over time should be considered. Moreover, forest management should give priority to altitude factors, in addition to tree species representation.

Effects of soil early-spring temperature on the morphometric parameters of mitochondria in Galanthus nivalis L. leaves

In the natural conditions early-spring period development of Galanthus nivalis L., the leaves germination from bulbs was carried out in the soil surface layer, mainly, covered with snow, so the leaves were exposed to low soil temperatures. It was found, that at the leaf germination stage, when exposed to minus soil temperature, the mitochondria were predominantly elongated, that is, functionally active. Under the influence of positive temperature, the mitochondria form changed to a round one, which indicates their transition to low functional activity. A similar tendency was manifested even during the budding stage, in particular, when the soil temperature was lowered to an average of –3.47 °C, the mitochondria changed their form to an elongated one, that is, they passed into an active functional state. Wherein, the temperature of the leaves was higher by 3.84 °C compared to the soil. At the stages of germination and budding of G. nivalis under natural conditions, a direct correlation was found between the soil surface layer temperature and the leaves temperature, and at the flowering stage this relation was reverse. During the flowering stage, despite the influence of predominantly positive soil temperatures, leaves growth was significantly slowed, and their temperature was only slightly higher by 0.38 °C compared to the soil. At the same time, the mitochondria changed their shape to a round one. Thus, the increase in their long axis at different stages in spring development, are aimed at adapting to influence low temperatures of the soil surface layer.

Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat dan Curah Hujan Pada Penyakit Diare (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Bogor)

&lt;em&gt;This study aimed to determine the effect of altitude and rainfall on the incidence of disease ( IR ) diarrhea, and to obtain threshold values ​​of rainfall that often cause diarrhea. Determination category of normal rate of diarrhea IR is based on diarrhea IR by DINKES Bogor in the amount of 20-25/1000 population per year, while the determination of precipitation category is based on consideration of Oldeman climate classification. The results showed that there were two districts with very high levels of vulnerability i.e. Cisarua and Cijeruk, while the other regions only at a moderate level. The negative influence of altitude (or positive influence of temperature) on the IR will be evident if the analysis is separated between in the highlands (&amp;gt; 600 asl) and the lowlands (&amp;lt; 600 asl). This influence is significant, especially at altitudes above 600 meters above sea level. The correlation of the precipitation is significant negative linear to the incidence of diarrhea in the district Cisarua, Cibinong, Jonggol, and Jasinga. In districts Cibinong, Jonggol, and Jasinga, precipitation should be anticipated in the range of 100-200 mm/month, where moderate IR often occurs, while in the district Cisarua, is in the range of precipitation 300-400 mm/month, where high IR often occurs.&lt;/em&gt;

Impacts of regional climatic fluctuations on radial growth of Siberian and Scots pine at Mukhrino mire (central-western Siberia)

Ring width (TRW) chronologies from Siberian (Pinus sibirica) and Scots (Pinus sylvestris) pine trees were sampled at Mukhrino – a large mire complex in central-western Siberia – to evaluate the impacts of hydroclimatic variability on tree growth over the last three centuries. For this purpose, we compared climate-growth correlation profiles from trees growing on peat soils with those growing on adjacent mineral soils. Tree growth at both peat and mineral soils was positively correlated to air temperature during the vegetation period. This finding can be explained by (i) the positive influence of temperature on plant physiological processes (i.e. growth control) during the growing season and (ii) the indirect impact of air temperatures on water table fluctuations. We observe also a strong link between TRW and the winter Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), especially in Siberian pine, reflecting the isolating effect of snow and limited freezing damage in roots. Significant negative relations were, by contrast, observed between bog TRW chronologies and hydroclimatic indices during spring and summer; they are considered an expression of the negative impacts of high water levels and moist peat soils on root development. Some unusually old bog pines – exhibiting >500 growth rings – apparently colonized the site at the beginning of the Little Ice Age, and therefore seem to confirm that (i) peat conditions may have been drier in Siberia than in most other regions of western Europe during this period. At the same time, the bog trees also point to (ii) their strong dependence on surface conditions.

Temperature influence on the reaction kinetics of V(IV)/V(V) in methanesulfonic acid for all-vanadium redox flow battery

In this study, methanesulfonic acid has been investigated as the supporting electrolyte for vanadium solutions due to the improvement of mass transfer rate and reaction kinetics. Here, we applied different temperatures (0–55°C) for electrochemical experiments of 0.1M vanadium ions in 1.0M MSA electrolyte on gold, platinum and glassy carbon electrodes separately to study the temperature-related kinetics. Considering that electron transfer is the control path for the whole reduction potential window, the rotating disc electrode approach was utilized for the oxidation of V(IV) ions, while the reduction of V(V) ions was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The influence of temperature on charge-transfer resistance and mass transport for both V(IV) and V(V) solutions was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on glassy carbon electrode. The results showed that the diffusion coefficients in both redox reactions on all electrodes increased with temperature, and most were in the order of 10−6cm2s−1. The positive influence of temperature was also observed on the standard rate constants for all conditions in this study, most significantly on the glassy carbon electrode. Comparison between glassy carbon electrode and metal electrodes indicates a promising potential of carbon-based material as electrode for redox flow battery.

Interacting effects of temperature and density on individual growth performance in a wild population of brown trout

Summary Growth is a key life‐history trait linked to population regulation in fishes and may be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors such as density and temperature. Exploring how growth performance is altered by such factors in the wild will aid our understanding of how climate change might influence fish populations. We explore the interactions between temperature and density on growth in a stream‐resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) population by comparing observed individual growth rates with predicted rates, at maximum rations, as a function of natural variation in water temperature in a small, cold (average temp summer &lt;11 °C) stream in south‐east Norway. Variation in relative growth performance of resident brown trout was analysed using a linear mixed‐model approach based on a 9‐year‐long time series of mark–recapture data that yielded 1043 individual growth rate estimates for the summer seasons. Observed growth rates never exceeded 60% of predicted growth. Density and temperature interacted in a non‐additive and complex way as controlling agents of growth performance, where a general positive effect of temperature minimised an apparent negative effect of density. We also found an interaction between age and density, where young fish were more negatively affected by density than older fish. Individuals that were small for their age showed evidence of compensatory growth. As our system appears to be strongly resource limited and temperature seems to facilitate relative growth performance, we argue that the negative density effect is mitigated by increased food supply when temperature increases during the summer growth season. Further, the positive effect of temperature on growth appeared minimal at low densities, suggesting an unmeasured factor (e.g. food quality) was limiting some of the growth potential. Our results help elucidate potential effects of temperature changes on brown trout in a small and cold stream, where the positive influence of temperature is more pronounced at high fish densities.

Timing of cod reproduction: interannual variability and the influence of temperature

We examined interannual variability in the timing of spawning of female cod Gadus rnorhua from 1947 to 1992 in 3 regions off Newfoundland, Canada, in the northwest Atlantic. Maturity data, assessed by visual examination of dissected gonads of cod collected by research trawls, were analysed with probit regressions to identify the day of each year on which 50% of females had ceased spawnlng (which we refer to as spawning time) on northern [Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) Division 3L] and southern (3NO) Grand Bank and on St. Pierre Bank (3Ps). We minimized the bias in our estimates by separating sampling variability and interannual variation in age structure from true interannual variability in reproduction. Among regions, average spawning time (mean -t SD) varied from Days 157 + 18 (June 6 ) and 139 * 16 (May 19) on northern and southern Grand Bank, respectively, to Day 135 2 24 (May 15) on St. Pierre Bank. Interannual differences in spawning time were significant within 3L (1948-1991), 3 N 0 (1947-1992), and 3Ps (1953-1987) (likelihood ratlo tests; p < 0.001). Interannual variation in spawning time was significantly associated wlth variation in water temperature prior to spawning in 3L and in 3Ps although the signs of the associations differed between regions, casting doubt on the hypothesis that the timing of cod reproduction represents an adaptive response to temperature change. The negative correlation between temperature and spawning time in 3L can be explained by the positive influence of temperature on gonad development. In 3Ps, we attribute the early spawning dates in years characterized by cold bank temperatures to (1) a thermal barrier Imposed by sub-zero temperatures on spawning migrations from the continental slope to the shelf, and to (2) increased rates of gonad development, and an earlier readiness to spawn, experienced by cod 'forced' to prolong their residence in warm slope waters. Our analyses indicate that cod spawning time varies significantly among years, demonstrate how the effects of temperature on cod reproduction depend on regional hydrography, and underscore the importance of separating variation in sampling protocol and age structure from true interannual variability in spawning time.

An analysis of variables affecting oxygen consumption in Actinia equina L. (anthozoa) from two shore positions

1. 1. A multifactor analysis has been performed to assess the simultaneous influence of body size, exposure temperature, respiratory metabolism-aquatic/aerial-and season on oxygen consumption rates in Actinia equina. Two multiple regression equations are obtained for high- and low-shore specimens, which account for 92 and 94% of the variation registered in metabolism, respectively. 2. 2. Individual influence of body size is given by b coefficients displaying a similar range of variation in both shore locations (0.19−0.66). Intra-shore comparisons as regards to respiratory condition show an equivalent increase of the weight exponent from water to air. 3. 3. Positive influence of temperature on metabolic rate lessens gradually in the 10−30°C range. Aquatic Q 10 values indicate no effect of vertical position, whereas a reduction of thermal dependency during air exposure is exclusive to high shore anemones. 4. 4. In general, the V O2 air/ V O2 water index remains below 1 and wider differences in respiratory metabolism appear towards lower shore positions. 5. 5. Oxygen uptake, both aerial and aquatic, increases during the year exhibiting to annual maxima, spring-summer and late autumn which, particularly on the high shore, can be partially accounted for by environmental temperature changes. 6. 6. Since in A. equina food availability becomes reduced in upper-shore areas, a decline in oxygen consumption rates observed in intra-shore comparisons could relate to a strategy of decreasing metabolic expenditure as an energy conserving mechanism.