Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor ( L.) Moench ] is an important cereal crop widely grown in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Understanding the relationships between grain yield and its component traits is critical for the development of effective breeding programs. The study was conducted with elite sorghum genotypes at Miesso and Kobo using an alpha lattice design to examine the correlation between yield and its component traits. The analysis focused on estimating the direct and indirect contributions of these traits to grain yield using correlation and path coefficient analyses, thereby identifying the most yield-influencing characteristics among the genotypes. Based on the correlation analysis, grain yield showed significant negative associations with days to flowering, days to maturity, and leaf width. It exhibited a non-significant relationship with plant height, number of leaves per plant, and panicle width, while showing a positive and significant correlation with grain filling period, stand count at harvest, panicle length, and number of heads per plot. Also, the path coefficient analysis results show that the number of heads per plot, leaf area, panicle length, and grain filling period all had a direct positive effect on sorghum grain yield at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels, indicating that improving these traits will increase total grain yield. However, traits such as number of days to flowering, date of maturity, thousand seed weight, and leaf width had a negative direct effect on yield, while most other traits had negligible indirect effects. These results provide valuable guidance for targeted selection in sorghum breeding programs aiming to enhance grain yield.

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important legume crop cultivated predominantly under dryland conditions where water deficit stress frequently limits yield. Understanding key yield-related and physiological traits that influence grain production under drought is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study aimed to identify these traits and to evaluate the potential of growth regulators and bacterial inoculation to alleviate the effects of water stress in lentils. Field studies were conducted as a factorial experiment over two consecutive years using combinations of Pseudomonas fluorescens seed inoculation and foliar application of spermidine (0, 0.5, and 1 mM) and melatonin (0, 50, and 100 μM). Analysis of variance revealed significant effects for all treatments and their interactions on agronomic traits, yield components, and physiological parameters. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 100-seed weight, number of seeds per plant, and stem dry weight had the greatest direct positive effects on seed yield, whereas leaf dry weight had a negative effect. Among physiological traits, soluble sugars, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activity were positively associated with yield, whereas total phenols, flavonoids, and malondialdehyde were major negative contributors. The combined application of 100 μM melatonin and 1 mM spermidine significantly improved sugar accumulation, photosynthetic pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing oxidative damage indicators. The integration of biochemical and statistical analyses effectively identified key traits driving lentil yield under drought stress. Foliar application of melatonin and spermidine also shows promise as an agronomic practice to improve lentil tolerance and productivity in water-limited environments. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Factors influencing vaccination staff willingness to vaccinate children with medical conditions: A cross-sectional study in China.

In the rapidly digitalizing economy, information technology has become vital for businesses to build competitive advantage and survive in increasingly competitive environments. Export businesses must coordinate their planning and operations to meet customer needs effectively. This research examined the impact of perceived organizational support (POS) on organizational performance (OPerf) through the mediating roles of organizational learning capability (OLC) and technology capability (TC) in export enterprises. Using quantitative methodology, data were collected via questionnaires from 385 food manufacturing exporters in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for hypothesis testing. PLS-SEM was used to analyze complex relationships involving latent variables and estimate cause-effect models with mediators. The findings revealed that POS had positive and significant direct effects on OPerf (p < .001), with OLC and TC serving as significant mediators. Both OLC and TC also showed positive and significant effects on OPerf (p < .001). Theoretically, the research extends Social Exchange Theory by demonstrating that perceived organizational support enhances learning and technology capabilities that drive organizational performance. Practically, it suggests fostering a supportive organizational climate helps sustain competitiveness through learning and technology adoption.

This study investigates the mediating roles of green agile workforce and organizational intelligence in the relationship between organizational learning and green competitive advantage in the tourism-hospitality industry. The study is strategically positioned within the context of SDGs and Saudi Arabia's national priorities for research, development, and innovation under Vision 2030. To investigate these behavioral mechanisms, we employed a quantitative, cross-sectional design, gathering data from 482 frontline and managerial employees operating within Saudi Arabia's travel agencies and international hotels. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed a compelling dynamic: organizational learning not only exerts a direct positive effect on green competitive advantage, but it also critically drives green agile workforce and organizational intelligence. The results also indicated that organizational learning has a positive effect on green competitive advantage and green agile workforce, as well as organizational intelligence. Furthermore, we have also discovered that green agile workforce and organizational intelligence are the partial mediators in the association of organizational learning with green competitive advantage. This research extends prior evidence by providing empirical proof that green agile workforce and organizational intelligence operate as key workplace behavioral mechanisms through which organizational learning is translated into green competitive advantage. In doing so, the study reframes sustainability not only as a strategic or technological issue but as a matter of how employees behave, communicate, and coordinate around green objectives inside tourism and hospitality organizations. The results offer a validated framework for tourism enterprises to align their leadership practices, internal communication patterns, and learning structures with Saudi Arabia's economic diversification and sustainability goals, demonstrating how cultivating learning-driven, behaviorally agile workplaces directly contributes to advancing national vision objectives and the broader 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Parent compounds and soil properties as primary drivers of neonicotinoid transformation products in surface soils from an intensive agricultural Basin in Central China.

This study investigates how artificial intelligence strategic capabilities, transformational leadership, and policy environments collectively influence organizational agility in small and medium-sized enterprises through dynamic capability mechanisms. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research analyzes survey data from 300 SMEs across manufacturing, service, and technology sectors, complemented by qualitative case studies. Structural equation modeling reveals that AI strategic capabilities constitute the strongest predictor of organizational agility (β=0.42, p<0.001), with digital dynamic capabilities mediating 67% of this total effect. Technology-management fit emerges as a critical boundary condition, amplifying AI effectiveness by 123% under high alignment scenarios (β=0.58 versus β=0.26 in low alignment contexts). Transformational leadership exhibits dual mechanisms through direct positive effects on agility (β=0.28, p<0.001) and moderating influences on AI-agility relationships (β=0.21, p<0.01). Notably, AI capabilities demonstrate buffering properties against policy environment uncertainty (β=0.12, p<0.05), transforming institutional constraints into manageable strategic variables. Machine learning analyses reveal nonlinear effects with diminishing returns beyond the 75th percentile of AI adoption. The structural model explains substantial variance in organizational agility (R²=0.64) and firm performance (R²=0.52). These findings extend dynamic capability theory to digital contexts, reconceptualize AI as a strategic capability rather than an operational tool, and illuminate digital leadership dimensions, offering evidence-based guidance for SME managers, technology vendors, and policymakers navigating digital transformation challenges.

To examine the predictive roles of family resilience, individual resilience, and self-perceived burden (SPB) on return-to-work adaptability (RTWA) in younger Chinese breast cancer patients. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing structural equation modeling, with 356 breast cancer survivors aged 18-49years recruited from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Validated scales were used to measure family resilience, individual resilience, SPB, and RTWA. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling with SPSS 23.0 and Amos 23.0. Family resilience exerted a significant positive direct effect on individual resilience (β = 0.312, P < 0.01) and RTWA (β = 0.141, P < 0.01), and a significant negative effect on SPB (β = - 0.238, P < 0.01). Individual resilience was negatively associated with SPB (β = - 0.673, P < 0.001) and positively predicted RTWA (β = 0.168, P < 0.01), while SPB was negatively associated with RTWA (β = - 0.156, P < 0.01). Three significant mediation effects were confirmed: individual resilience mediated the relationship between family resilience and RTWA (β = 0.085, P < 0.01); SPB mediated this relationship (β = 0.037, P < 0.01); and a chain mediation effect via individual resilience and SPB was significant (β = 0.052, P < 0.01). Family resilience serves as a foundational resource for successful occupational reintegration among young breast cancer survivors, exerting direct positive effects on RTWA and indirect effects by promoting individual resilience and alleviating SPB.

ABSTRACT When we work from home, the physical space in which we do so plays a crucial role in shaping our well-being. Features such as natural light, workspace size, or having a dedicated room all matter. Yet there is another, often overlooked aspect: the home workspace is also where interactions unfold with household members and colleagues, through discussions, mentoring, interruptions, or monitoring, processes that can foster support but also generate conflict. We still know little about how home workspace characteristics intersect with these relational dynamics and, ultimately, with well-being. This paper helps fill that gap. Using data from 2834 teleworkers in four European countries, we find a direct positive effect of better-quality home workspaces on multiple dimensions of well-being (work-life balance, burnout, work engagement). Moreover, drawing on more than 18000 personal ties with colleagues and household members, we show that this effect is partly explained by relational processes: higher-quality workspace are associated with a lower rate of conflictual interactions, which in turn relates to higher well-being. By contrast, we do not find evidence that positive interactions and social support mediate this association. Overall, the paper demonstrates that the home workspace matters for well-being and that social relationships play a meaningful role in this link.

Indonesia's hilirisasi (downstreaming) mandate, enforced through a definitive nickel mineral export ban from January 2020, represents one of the most consequential applications of resource nationalism in contemporary Southeast Asian political economy. While aggregate indicators documented substantial Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into metallurgical industrial parks, the sub-national distributional consequences remained critically underexplored prior to this study. Employing a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences (SDM-DiD) framework applied to a balanced provincial panel of 34 Indonesian provinces across the period 2015 to 2024 (N = 340 observations), this study empirically decomposed the direct, indirect (spatial spillover), and total effects of the export ban on regional economic growth and income inequality. The treatment group comprised the three primary nickel-downstreaming hub provinces: Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Moran's I statistics confirmed significant spatial autocorrelation across all study years (range: 0.245-0.312, p &lt; 0.001), validating the spatial modeling approach. The SDM-DiD estimation revealed a significant positive direct effect on regional GDP per capita in treated provinces (beta = 0.084, SE = 0.019, p &lt; 0.001), confirming localized growth. However, the spatial spillover effect was significantly negative (theta = -0.052, SE = 0.021, p = 0.013), documenting a pronounced backwash effect on adjacent provinces. Within treated regions, income inequality widened significantly (Gini direct effect: beta = 0.018, p &lt; 0.001), driven by skill-biased structural transformation associated with capital-intensive smelting operations. These findings established that Indonesia's hilirisasi mandate functions structurally as an enclave industrialization model, generating spatial polarization rather than inclusive regional development. Inter-regional fiscal equalization, enforceable backward linkage obligations, and peripheral human capital investment are identified as critical complementary policy mechanisms.

Advances in information technology have brought significant transformations in digital payment systems, particularly through the adoption of e-wallets as fast, easy, and secure transaction solutions. Medan, as one of Indonesia's metropolitan cities, has witnessed a growing trend in e-wallet usage, especially the DANA application. However, digital payment technology adoption still faces challenges related to risk perception and user trust. This study aims to analyze the influence of risk perception and perceived ease of use on the intention to use the DANA e-wallet in Medan City, with e-trust as an intervening variable. A quantitative approach with an associative research design was employed. The study population consists of DANA e-wallet users in Medan City (total population of 2,474,166 residents), classified as an infinite population. A sample of 165 respondents was selected through purposive sampling, with the criterion of having used DANA at least twice in the past three months. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed at coffee shops across 21 sub-districts (kecamatan) of Medan. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4. The results indicate that: (1) risk perception has a direct negative and insignificant effect on usage intention; (2) risk perception has a negative and insignificant effect on e-trust; (3) perceived ease of use has a direct positive and significant effect on usage intention; (4) perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on e-trust; (5) e-trust has a positive and significant effect on usage intention; (6) e-trust does not mediate the relationship between risk perception and usage intention; and (7) e-trust significantly mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use and usage intention. These findings highlight that ease of use and e-trust are the dominant factors driving DANA e-wallet adoption in Medan City.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a commercially significant vegetable and spice crop cultivated worldwide. The present investigation aimed to study the evaluation of genetic variability among onion genotypes for further utilisation in onion crop improvement. The present investigation was undertaken in the Vegetable Research Farm of the Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST Chatha, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, with the specific objectives to estimate genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of 25 onion genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications during the rabi season (2024–2025). The results indicated that PCV values were consistently higher than GCV values for all traits under study, which signified the presence of environmental influence on the expression of traits. Perusal of genetic variability parameters revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic gain for seven traits, viz., bolting percentage, bulb neck thickness, bulb yield per plot, total bulb yield, bulb polar diameter, bulb shape index and average bulb weight, exhibiting the preponderance of additive gene action on the traits and thus may be useful for selection. Analysis of the correlation matrix revealed positive and significant correlation of total bulb yield with 8 traits, i.e., plant height, pseudostem length, bulb neck thickness, bulb polar diameter, bulb equatorial diameter, average bulb weight, days to bolting and bulb yield per plot and negative and significant correlation with days to maturity. The path coefficient analysis revealed that bulb yield per plot exhibited the highest positive direct effect on total bulb yield, followed by average bulb weight, days to maturity, bulb shape index, pseudostem length, plant height, number of leaves per plant and ascorbic acid content. The findings of the study suggested that the identified traits can be considered as reliable selection indices for yield improvement in onion.

Soil functional carbon fraction accrual in temperate forests is linked to understory herbs, soil nutrients and microbial alterations.

Effects of emotional culture of joy on employee happiness: A moderated-mediation model in hospitality.

The influence of entrepreneurial spirit and environmental perception on entrepreneurial intentions: A mediation model of entrepreneurial competence.

Unlocking the potential of Rhodopseudomonas palustris as a biofertilizer: Soil factors and microbial partnerships governing enhanced free-living nitrogen fixation.

The sequential mediating roles of psychological flexibility and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation between illness perception and fear of cancer recurrence in gastrointestinal cancer patients.

This study examines how the housing type choices of elderly households are shaped by both household characteristics and local housing market structures. It focuses on whether the regional apartment share moderates the relationship between housing conditions and apartment choice in Korea. Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (2018, 2024) combined with regional statistics, the analysis is conducted for household heads aged 65 or older. To account for path dependency, the sample is divided into apartment and non-apartment households at baseline, and binary and multilevel logistic models are estimated. The results indicate that among households initially living in apartments, a larger housing area reduces the likelihood of apartment retention, but this negative effect is attenuated in regions with higher apartment ratios. Among households initially living in non-apartment housing, smaller housing areas increase the likelihood of transitioning into apartments, while the regional apartment ratio has a positive direct effect without a significant interaction effect. These findings suggest that housing type choices differ by baseline housing type, and that local housing market conditions moderate the relationship between housing conditions and housing type choice.

Political news consumption (PNC) can both inform and divide, but whether it promotes political participation through ideological polarization remains unclear. This study examines how PNC affects institutional and non-institutional political participation across 24 European countries, using Round 11 of the European Social Survey and country-level mediation models. Results show PNC positively affects institutional participation in 13 countries and non-institutional participation in three. PNC has a positive direct effect on ideological polarization in eight countries and a negative effect in two. Ideological polarization more consistently predicts participation, with positive effects on institutional participation in 17 countries and non-institutional participation in 21. Positive indirect effects of PNC via polarization are observed in only five countries for institutional and six for non-institutional participation. The United Kingdom shows negative indirect effects for both, suggesting polarization may discourage participation in some contexts. Overall, PNC's effects on participation are highly country-dependent.

The construction industry is one of the most environmentally intensive sectors, making green innovation an essential strategy for improving environmental sustainability and organizational competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the effects of organizational climate, corporate governance, and employee intellectual capability on green innovation, as well as to examine the moderating role of green transformational leadership in construction companies in Batam City, Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. Data were collected from 82 employees working in construction firms through purposive sampling and measured using a Likert-scale questionnaire. The findings indicate that organizational climate, corporate governance, and employee intellectual capability each have a positive and significant effect on green innovation, with employee intellectual capability emerging as the strongest predictor. Green transformational leadership also has a direct positive effect on green innovation. However, it does not significantly moderate the relationship between organizational climate, corporate governance, employee intellectual capability, and green innovation. These results suggest that internal organizational factors and employee capacity play a central role in encouraging green innovation. The study concludes that strengthening intellectual capability, fostering a supportive organizational climate, and implementing sound corporate governance are key strategies for promoting green innovation in construction companies.