Dictionary Of Portuguese Research Articles

A crossroad between lexicography and terminology work: Knowledge organization and domain labelling

AbstractMORDigital project aims to encode the selected editions of Diccionario de Lingua Portugueza by António de Morais Silva, first published in 1789. Our ultimate goals are, on the one hand, to promote accessibility to cultural heritage while fostering reusability and, on the other hand, to contribute towards a more significant presence of lexicographic digital content in Portuguese through open tools and standards. The Morais dictionary represents a significant legacy, since it marks the beginning of Portuguese dictionaries, having served as a model for all subsequent lexicographic production. The team follows a new paradigm in lexicography, which results from the convergence between lexicography, terminology, computational linguistics, and ontologies as an integral part of digital humanities and linked (open) data. In the Portuguese context, this research fills a gap concerning searchable online retrodigitized dictionaries, built on current standards and methodologies which promote data sharing and harmonization, namely TEI Lex-0. The team will further ensure the connection to other existing systems and lexical resources, particularly in the Portuguese-speaking world.

Evaluation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of linguistic inquiry and word count 2015 (BP-LIWC2015)

Text psycholinguistic features are a valuable source for various research topics since they are used to obtain psychological, social, and linguistic aspects from written texts using dictionary files. These files are structured in categories, which are defined as groups of dictionary words that tap a particular domain (e.g., negative emotion words). The Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) is a vastly used and versatile computer-based language analysis tool designed for text psycholinguistic analysis. The most recent version of the default English dictionary is LIWC2015, as it was released with the 2015 version of the LIWC software. The literature has recently introduced the latest Brazilian Portuguese LIWC dictionary (BP-LIWC2015), developed with the same categories as the LIWC 2015 English dictionary. However, the literature has also reported the need to evaluate BP-LIWC2015. In this scenario, this work investigates three questions: (i) Since LIWC2015 shows consistent improvements over the English dictionary developed in 2007 (LIWC2007), does BP-LIWC2015 achieves better text classification results than the older Brazilian Portuguese dictionary (BP-LIWC2007)? (ii) What is the equivalence between BP-LIWC2015 and BP-LIWC2007 with LIWC2015? (iii) Are there significant differences between Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries? To answer these questions, we conducted text classification experiments with four datasets and seven classification algorithms to compare the two Brazilian Portuguese LIWC dictionaries reported in the literature (i.e., 2007 and 2015). Second, we used a bilingual Portuguese-English scientific news collection to analyze the correlation between LIWC2015 and Brazilian Portuguese LIWC dictionaries. The results indicate that BP-LIWC2015 outperforms the older version in Brazilian Portuguese text classification. Finally, we found a more significant correlation between BP-LIWC2015 and the original English dictionary than the older version.

The presence of Brazilian neologisms in dictionaries

Abstract This article aims at describing how Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries register lexical innovations by making a comparison between two Portuguese language general-purpose dictionaries which offer recent online versions: Houaiss and Aulete. In order to carry out this comparison, some morphological elements (morphemes and bound bases) and lexical units were chosen. Such elements have recently undergone changes in meaning and usage which may be noticed from the systematic observation of neologisms in Brazilian Portuguese. Our study has revealed that both dictionaries introduce new words and new grammatical usages; they differ in the manner they present the grammatical structures corresponding to these new words.

Da opacidade da palavra selfie no discurso digital

O estudo que constitui este trabalho de pesquisa, fundamenta-se nos princípios teóricos e analíticos da Análise de Discurso, uma teoria linguística de caráter interpretativo que considera a relação língua, sujeito e história como indissociáveis. Deste modo, a reflexão desenvolvida concentra-se na produção de sentidos sobre a palavra selfie. Analisamos como o discurso digital sustenta a constituição desta palavra. Além disso, problematizamos como se configura uma memória da língua sobre a palavra selfie no espaço de enunciação brasileiro e nos posicionamos criticamente à definição formulada nos dicionários de língua inglesa e portuguesa, apostando nas diferentes historicidades constituídas entre o gesto de se auto fotografar e a relação com a palavra selfie.

DE TOPÔNIMOS A NOMES DE PANOS NO PORTUGUÊS CONTRIBUTOS À HISTÓRIA DO LÉXICO TÊXTIL

Neste artigo, selecionamos seis denominações têxteis procedentes de topônimos, inventariadas do corpus do “Dicionário Histórico do Português do Brasil - Séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII”, no intento de investigar se tais unidades lexicais indicam, necessariamente, a origem dos tecidos que nomeiam ou se há outros fatos/motivações envolvidos nos processos denominativos. Retomamos os significados de cada palavra a partir de dicionários da língua portuguesa, antigos e atuais, e valemo-nos, também, de dicionários de língua estrangeira, etimológicos, glossários, monografias etc. para guarnecer e fundamentar as análises. Percebemos que as denominações não se limitam a indicar propriamente o local de origem do fabrico dos tecidos, pois podem sinalizar o local de difusão. A importância referencial que topônimos adquiriram por meio de um produto, por exemplo, torna-os propensos a serem emprestados para denominá-lo, de modo que atrelados aos nomes há o contexto, o valor e a notoriedade do produto.

A Design Proposal of an Online Corpus-Driven Dictionary of Portuguese for University Students

The objective of this PhD project was to propose the design of an online corpus-driven dictionary of Portuguese for university students (DOPU), aimed at both speakers of Portuguese as a mother tongue and as an additional language and covering Brazilian and European Portuguese varieties. For that, the highly innovative semi-automated approach to dictionary-making (Gantar, Kosem and Krek 2016) was adopted, which involves automatic extraction of data from the corpus and import into dictionary writing system. As a method that had never been applied for lexicographical projects of the Portuguese language, it was necessary to experiment the approach for the first time. Thus, all the required pre-requisites were newly developed, namely, a corpus of academic texts, sketch grammar, GDEX configuration, and a specially-tailored procedure for automatic extraction of data. The experiment indicated that not only can this approach be successfully used as a means to provide lexical content for the design of DOPU, but it can also be beneficial to other lexicographical projects of Portuguese.

Conceptual and operational definitions of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Disturbed Sleep Pattern.

Objective to present the knowledge produced about sleep and Acute Coronary Syndrome in order to assist in the elaboration of the operational and conceptual definitions of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Disturbed Sleep Pattern (00198).Method integrative review in the following databases: COCHRANE; SCOPUS; MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) via Pubmed; LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database); CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and EMBASE (The Excerpta Medical Database). At the end of the search, 2827 studies were found, 43 were selected for reading, and 10 were included in the review. The gray literature was also included.Results important findings related to clinical evidence and contributing factors of sleep were found in the review. However, in order to build definitions of the defining characteristics, it was necessary to use gray literature, such as a Portuguese dictionary and two textbooks about sleep.Conclusion the definitions will help nurses in their practice in the collection of information, in the determination of the nursing diagnosis studied here, and in directing care measures with respect to quantity and quality of sleep of Acute Coronary Syndrome inpatients. They will also assist in the next steps of the validation of this diagnosis to the referred population.

EmoSpell, a Morphological and Emotional Word Analyzer

The analysis of sentiments, emotions, and opinions in texts is increasingly important in the current digital world. The existing lexicons with emotional annotations for the Portuguese language are oriented to polarities, classifying words as positive, negative, or neutral. To identify the emotional load intended by the author, it is necessary to also categorize the emotions expressed by individual words. EmoSpell is an extension of a morphological analyzer with semantic annotations of the emotional value of words. It uses Jspell as the morphological analyzer and a new dictionary with emotional annotations. This dictionary incorporates the lexical base EMOTAIX.PT, which classifies words based on three different levels of emotions—global, specific, and intermediate. This paper describes the generation of the EmoSpell dictionary using three sources: the Jspell Portuguese dictionary and the lexical bases EMOTAIX.PT and SentiLex-PT. Additionally, this paper details the Web application and Web service that exploit this dictionary. It also presents a validation of the proposed approach using a corpus of student texts with different emotional loads. The validation compares the analyses provided by EmoSpell with the mentioned emotional lexical bases on the ability to recognize emotional words and extract the dominant emotion from a text.

Devising a Sketch Grammar for Academic Portuguese

This paper presents the development of a new sketch grammar designed specifically for CoPEP, a newly compiled 40-million corpus comprising texts from academic journals, tagged with Freeling v3, the default tagger available in the Sketch Engine for corpora of Portuguese. We first provide an overview and evaluation of existing sketch grammars for Portuguese, followed by a detailed description of the development of a new sketch grammar, and the presentation of some of the problems encountered. We conclude by summarizing the main findings, highlighting important implications, and offering suggestions for further improvement of the sketch grammar. More accurate and varied word sketch results than those offered by the current default sketch grammar indicate that our sketch grammar can be used for advanced lexicographic tasks such as automatic extraction of lexical data from CoPEP, the methodology of knowledge acquisition planned for the compilation of the proposed dictionary of Portuguese for university students. Moreover, this new sketch grammar can be used with any other corpus of Portuguese tagged with Freeling v3, which makes it an important resource for lexicographic and corpus linguistic research of the Portuguese language.

LINGUAGEM BIOMÉDICA: A ETIMOLOGIA NO ESTUDO DAS DOENÇAS INFECTOPARASITÁRIAS

Professionals in the health sciences know the relevance of knowledge about the roots of Latin andGreek origin in the etymology of words adopted in their daily practice. However, little informationis available in an accessible manner on the subject. The aim of this study was to contribute to thewider dissemination and familiarization with some of the major Greek and Latin words (plustributes and eponyms) employed in the study of parasitic and infectious diseases, from a review ofmaterials that cover the topic such as textbooks, technical and Portuguese dictionaries, and scientific articles. The study was carried out from January to December 2013, and each work was consultedand reviewed in detail. Over 250 frequently used words were listed, with respect to this groupof diseases. It was noticed that there is a lack of etymological information in books that discussparasitology, microbiology and infectious diseases, and these terms are restricted, essentially, tothematic dictionaries

Why do the Chinese learners produce the expression “de fato” in Portuguese so frequently?

The present paper aims to investigate why Brazilian teachers may have the impression that Chinese exchange students frequently produce the expression “de fato”(“in fact” or “actually” in English), which is not so commonly used among Brazilian speakers. The study was developed in four stages: 1) an analysis of the entries of “de fato” from Portuguese, Portuguese-English and Portuguese-Chinese dictionaries, and a review of previous linguistic studies on these words; 2) a compilation of two corpora in Portuguese, consisting of academic texts written by Brazilians and Chinese students; 3) a classification of “de fato” from a pragmatic point of view; 4) a contrastive analysis of the pragmatic strategy for using the expression in the two corpora. The results show that although Chinese learners more frequently produce the expression “de fato” in their academic texts, the different pragmatic strategies used in contextual communications may be the main reason for drawing the attention of native Portuguese speakers.

O uso e o significado do termo dactilioteca em Portugal nos registos latinos e modernos

Estuda‑se a utilização do termo dactilioteca nos autores da antiguidade clássica romana e o seu uso e significado nos registos latinos e modernos em algumas obras de referência europeias. Constata‑se que este termo começa a ganhar maior popularidade no século XVIII e vai sofrendo uma alteração do seu significado como resultado do estudo das gemas, cada vez mais popular. Entre nós, este termo, já utilizado em dicionários em latim, pelo menos a partir do século XVI, vai sendo referido na dicionarística portuguesa, ainda que cada vez de forma mais sucinta.

A construção de um dicionário histórico: o caso do <em>Dicionário Histórico do Português do Brasil - séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII</em>

O projeto Dicionário Histórico do Português do Brasil – séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII (DHPB) (CNPq), concluído em dezembro de 2012 com uma nomenclatura de 10.470 entradas, foi elaborado a partir de banco de dados constituído por documentos de gênero e natureza va­riados, localizados nos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII do pe­ríodo do Brasil colônia. Os textos selecionados para o banco foram produzidos no período mencionado por portugueses que vieram para o Brasil ou por aqueles que já no país haviam se fixado. Este banco registra, aproximadamente, 10 milhões de ocorrências. Neste artigo, apresenta-se o percurso teórico-metodológico que foi construído para o DHPB e as opções e soluções que foram estabelecidas para explicar determinados fatos linguísticos presentes no banco de dados e que mereceram ser inseridos num dicionário histórico que buscou registrar o repertório lexical que deu origem ao português do Brasil.

ECO and Onto.PT: a flexible approach for creating a Portuguese wordnet automatically

A wordnet is an important tool for developing natural language processing applications for a language. However, most wordnets are handcrafted by experts, which limits their growth. In this article, we propose an automatic approach to create wordnets by exploiting textual resources, dubbed ECO. After extracting semantic relation instances, identified by discriminating textual patterns, ECO discovers synonymy clusters, used as synsets, and attaches the remaining relations to suitable synsets. Besides introducing each step of ECO, we report on how it was implemented to create Onto.PT, a public lexical ontology for Portuguese. Onto.PT is the result of the automatic exploitation of Portuguese dictionaries and thesauri, and it aims to minimise the main limitations of existing Portuguese lexical knowledge bases.

Civil, civilidade, civilizar, civilização: usos, significados e tensões nos dicionários de língua portuguesa (1562-1831)

Resumo O artigo pretende traçar a dicionarização e usos do termo "civilização" e correlatos, identificando sinônimos e antônimos que constituíram os seus diversos significados na língua portuguesa. Para tanto, busca-se mapear o aparecimento e utilização desses vocábulos nos dicionários e vocabulários portugueses (cotejando com o trajeto em inglês, francês e espanhol), do século XVI até inícios do séc. XIX. A proposta é reconstituir os campos semânticos construídos pelos dicionários em torno da ideia de civilidade/ civilização (e seus opostos) no Império português.

A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE UM DICIONÁRIO HISTÓRICO: O DICIONÁRIO HISTÓRICO DO PORTUGUÊS DO BRASIL

This article presents the theoretical and methodological road used to construct theHistorical Dictionary of Brazilian Portuguese in the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries (sponsoredby CNPq). Starting with some examples and models of historical and diachronic dictionaries weset the model that structures the Dictionary; it has the purpose of assembling in a single bookthe Portuguese language lexicon responsible for the construction of the Portuguese language inBrazil. Our reference basis is a data bank with many sorts of sources existing along the threecenturies of the Brazilian colonial history. This data bank provides the nomenclature of thehistorical dictionary and allows the construction of the lexicographical definition through itslexical context that is followed by consecrated examples. This article also presents thecontributions of the dictionary to future studies of the Brazilian Portuguese.

Dicionário histórico do português do brasil: um modelo de dicionário histórico

Este artigo apresenta o percurso teórico e metodológico empregado para a construção do Dicionário Histórico do Português do Brasil – séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII (CNPq/MCT). Partindo de alguns tipos e modelos descritos por lexicógrafos sobre dicionários históricos ou diacrônicos, estabelece-se o modelo que estrutura o Dicionário Histórico que tem por objetivo reunir em uma obra de consulta o léxico da língua portuguesa que, nos séculosXVI, XVII e XVIII, fixou um repertório lexical que veio a constituir o português do Brasil. A base de referência é um banco de dados constituído de documentos dos mais variados gêneros dos três séculos da história colonial brasileira. Este banco de dados além de fornecer anomenclatura do dicionário histórico, permite que, através das unidades lexicais contextualizadas, possa ser construída a definição lexicográfica, acompanhada de exemplosabonados.

Ambiguïté lexicale et apprentissage de la lecture en langue étrangère: quelle aide le dictionnaire bilingue peut-il y apporter?

This study approaches the potential ambiguity of lexical units when reading in a foreign language (FL) in the beginning of the learning process. The lexical ambiguity, unusual in written text, can arise in this case due to the lack of knowledge of a foreign language and/or due to the use of a bilingual dictionary (BD). This dictionary can show the meanings of the units, and help to eliminate potential ambiguities of the polysemic nature of lexicon through different strategies. But, which strategies would be most appropriate to beginners? i.e., which information should a BD contains in order to help reading, while facilitating the study of a FL? This is the main question this study aims to answer based on considerations primarily related to teaching and learning to read in a foreign language, and then to the use of a BD. The focus is on French-to-Brazilian Portuguese dictionaries and on the difficulties a Brazilian student faces when studying ''French for Specific Purposes''.

A Frequency Dictionary of Portuguese: Core Vocabulary for Learners by DAVIES, MARK, & ANA MARIA RAPOSO PRETO–BAY

The article reviews the book A Frequency Dictionary of Portuguese: Core Vocabulary for Learners, by Mark Davies and Ana Maria Raposo Preto-Bay.

LA PRESENTACIÓN DEL COMENTARIO SEMÁNTICO EN LOS DICCIONARIOS ESCOLARES

Neste trabalho analisamos a microestrutura (em especial, o comentário semântico) de quatro dicionários de língua portuguesa utilizados no âmbito escolar, levando em conta um perfil de usuário elaborado com base nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1997). A partir da análise do comentário semântico dessas obras, estabelecemos alguns parâmetros para a redação das definições e a escolha dos sinônimos nos dicionários escolares, tendo como princípio fundamental o de que todas as informações oferecidas no artigo léxico devem ser discretas e discriminantes.