Port Of Departure Research Articles

Impact of port integration on port service quality in the context of shipping alliance

This paper explores the impact of port integration on the port service quality under a chain structure where the interactions among ports, shippers and shipping lines are considered. A game theoretic framework is proposed to investigate the decisions of ports (the determination of quality-of-service level), shippers (the choice of departure ports) and shipping lines (whether forming an alliance and the corresponding operating arrangement) jointly. Based on the game theoretic framework, the mathematical models are established and the corresponding solution algorithm is designed. The methodology is applied in two representative port clusters with port integration in China. The case-study results demonstrate two important findings. Firstly, both positive and negative impact of port integration on the level of quality-of-service for shippers and for shipping lines is likely to appear. The effect on the port service quality would vary with the difference in the integration scenarios. Secondly, the port integration would stimulate shipping lines to offer more frequent portcalls, indicating that the hinterland shippers would enjoy more opportunities to be served by shipping lines. However, when excessive port integration takes place, the shipping lines would tend to change the strategy of forming an alliance to the strategy of competing.

Data set analysis of Titanic distress data

The main purpose of this paper is to study the sinking of Titanic, and the Titanic data set, which is open source on kaggle, is the background support resource for this research. This paper makes use of random Forest and Cox proportional risk models as well as survival and cumulative risk functions, which have been carefully calibrated and calibrated accordingly, so as to analyze in detail the factors affecting the survival of passengers on Titanic and what allowed them to survive. It's the class of shipping space or the port of departure or the family and friends you're bringing with you. These are all necessary factors that will affect the survival of passengers. Through the corresponding code display of the open-source data set, this paper draws the corresponding conclusion and finds that the factors of passenger survival have a relatively large relationship and considerable impact on fare and berth level.

MODEL OF FUNCTIONING LOGISTICS FOR SUPPLY OF SPECIALISED VEHICLES IN CONTAINERS FROM NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES TO UKRAINE

The article analyses the current state and prospects for developing logistics for supplying various types of cargo in international traffic to be transported in containers. It allowed us to formulate the purpose of the study in this development. This topic is relevant since the efficient organisation of containerised supply logistics can improve the functioning of transport systems. An effective way to reduce the cost of supplying a cargo unit is efficient resource use (railway stations, ports, warehouses, wagons, vehicles, containers). The study paid considerable attention to developing the relevant infrastructure, solving specific problems of efficient use of all types of resources, using digital technologies, and building reliable models of logistics supply systems. The article builds a structural model based on the principles of logistics interaction of possible participants in the supply process, representing the interaction of subsystems that significantly affect the quality of the relevant operations. We formed five schemes of interaction between logistics participants for supplying specialised vehicles in containers with the participation of automobile, railway, and sea transport and the relevant infrastructure. These schemes identify the main ports of departure in the United States (New York and Houston) and ports of destination in Europe (Klaipeda (Lithuania), Constanta (Romania)), and take into account the possibility of using road and rail transport resources in European countries and Ukraine. We developed a mathematical model of logistics functioning for the supply of specialised vehicles in containers from North American enterprises to Ukraine, which accounts for the specifics of sequential operations and the peculiarities of determining the performance indicators of each supply chain operation. The prospect of using these models is to build a simulation model of logistics for the supply of specialised vehicles in containers from North American companies to Ukraine, conduct simulations using a software environment, and determine the rational option under the established conditions. Keywords: model, logistics, supply, vehicles, international transportation.

Москвіченко І. М., Стаднік В. Г., Коросан А. П. ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПОСЛУГ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДОСТАВКИ КОНТЕЙНЕРНИХ ВАНТАЖІВ КОМПАНІЯМИ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО АУТСОРСИНГУ З УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ МОРСЬКОЇ БЛОКАДИ ПОРТІВ

Annotation. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and applied approaches to selecting effective supply chains for container cargo by logistics outsourcing companies from Ukraine in the context of the sea blockade of ports. Research methodology. The goal set in the article is achieved using the following research methods: logical generalization and scientific abstraction, structural analysis, and the analytical method. Findings. The cost of various container export delivery schemes through European seaports with cargo delivery to the port of departure by various modes of transport was calculated. As a result, the most efficient delivery scheme was chosen - the export of containers with Ukrainian grain through the Port of Gdynia to the port of Xingang by rail, which is offered by Western Container Terminal LLC, using the sea freight tariff of the Hapag-Lloyd container line. At the current stage, the existence of Ukrainian logistics companies depends on the development of the most variable transport delivery schemes, so the prospects for further research are in the use of dynamic simulation modeling of supply chains, for example, using the AnyLogistix platform, which combines analytical optimization and dynamic modeling in one platform. Dynamic modeling makes it easy to experiment with your supply chain and choose the best solutions to implement. A dynamic simulation model can serve as a digital double of the supply chain, which allows you to experiment with improvements and track all important indicators: costs, revenue, inventory dynamics, service quality, bullwhip effect, capacity, inbound/outbound orders. Logistics outsourcing companies will be able to test multiple supply chain transformation scenarios, vary parameters, and make business decisions based on testing and evaluating results in a risk-free virtual environment. Practical value. The practical use of the proposed theoretical and applied approaches will improve the effectiveness and quality of services of Ukrainian logistics outsourcing companies. Logistics companies can test multiple supply chain transformation scenarios, vary parameters, and make business decisions based on testing and evaluating results in a risk-free virtual environment.

Peculiarities of importing vehicles from the USA

Introduction. In recent years, there is a tendency of growth in imports of vehicles. This situation is due to the formation of demand in the domestic market. Domestic enterprises are unable to meet this demand. The structure of imports is dominated by imports from EU countries (67.61%), but other markets such as the USA and countries of America (27.72%), North Korea (2.29%) and other countries are gaining new momentum. Imports of vehicles from the USA, Canada, Georgia and North Korea have now undergone certain logistical changes, because a large number of seaports are under occupation. This situation has caused a change in the route through the ports of the EU countries. Nevertheless, the prospects for expanding imports of vehicles from the USA are significant, because this market is represented by newer models, a wide range and nomenclature, cheaper segment, the availability of purchase due to the presence of a number of online auctions. The purpose of the paper is to form a detailed model of vehicle imports from the USA. The following methods were used in writing the paper: analysis, comparison, explanation, theoretical generalization, grouping, etc. Results. The paper analyzes the features of vehicle imports from the USA, presents the characteristics of the largest auctions representing used, damaged and new vehicles, describes how to participate in auctions, gives the structure of vehicle imports for 2021, identifies the prospects for vehicle imports. Also, in the publication there is a detailed model of import of vehicles from the USA, which provides a step-by-step description of import from the moment of searching at the auction to the moment of customs clearance in Ukraine, considering specifics of loading, delivery to the port of departure, choice of logistic method of sea transportation, insurance method, making changes in the supply chain by building new routes through the EU countries and customs clearance. Conclusions. The use of this model by a number of companies starting to import vehicles from the USA or planning to import, as well as having problems at certain stages of the import process, will allow to take into account all the nuances of this process and avoid mistakes. A detailed import model takes into account not only the selection of vehicles at auctions, but also transportation, insurance, shipping, and customs clearance.

MODEL OF FUNCTIONING CEREALS SEED DELIVERY SYSTEM IN CONTAINERS FROM THE USA TO UKRAINE

The paper analyzed the current state and prospects for the development of grain seed delivery systems in international routes, including option using containers, which made it possible to form the study purpose in this research. The chosen topic is quite relevant because the rational organization of goods delivery in containers allows increasing the efficiency of transport systems functioning. The effective use of transport resources (ports, railway stations, trains, trucks, containers) is one of the directions to make delivery costs cheaper. The fact was established that considerable attention paid to the development of transport infrastructure, solving problems on the effective resources using, implementation of digital technologies and models designing of reliable delivery systems in previous scientific researches. A structural model has been designed, which consists of a system for delivering grain seeds in containers from the USA to Ukraine and is represented by the interaction of subsystems that have a significant impact on the functioning quality and take into account the possible risks associated with waiting for operations performance and the peculiarities of paperwork for international transportation. Five interaction schemes have been formed for participants of goods supply in containers based on used maritime routes, railway transport capabilities, a highways network and warehouse systems. These schemes identify the main departure ports in the United States (New York and Savannah) and destination ports in Europe (Rotterdam, Gdańsk and Odessa), as well as take into account the possibility of resources using of highway and railway transport in the European countries and Ukraine. Unit delivery costs were chosen as a parameter for evaluating an effective model selection during the week, influenced by cargo order intensities, cargo order volumes, and transportation mileages in a certain chain of the corresponding i-th transport kind. The designed models of the system functioning for delivering grain seeds in containers from the USA to Ukraine allow operators to take into account random factors influence, considering the peculiarities of performing relevant operations on different kinds of transport, assess the possibility of using transport resources, as well as determine the influence level of established parameters. Keywords: model, delivery, grain, container, unit costs, international transportation.

Mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the relationship between core service quality and behavioral intentions in liner shipping

Liner shipping, which offers the door-to-door transportation service, has pre-determined departure, arrival and transfer ports and carries cargo mainly through container ships, has been playing a key role in the global cargo transportation industry for more than 60 years and is still growing rapidly. Therefore, understanding of the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in liner shipping is of critical importance for global competition. From this standpoint, this study aims to determine whether customer satisfaction creates an alternative effect through its mediating effect on the causal relationship between core service quality and customers’ behavioral intentions in liner shipping sector. To do so, it obtains data through survey from forwarder companies that operate in Turkey and analyzes the obtained data using SPSS v22 and AMOS v22 statistical package software. This study concludes that core service quality has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions, and that customer satisfaction has a mediating effect on the relationship between core service quality and behavioral intentions. It reveals that core service quality and customer satisfaction are important constructs for future behavioral intentions. In conclusion, this study suggests that business managers in liner shipping sector need to incorporate core services that will positively affect customer satisfaction in their marketing policies, and to engage in managerial activities that enhance customer satisfaction.

Shippers vs. freight forwarders: Do they differ in their port choice decisions? Evidence from the Spanish ceramic tile industry

The present research aims to compare shippers’ and freight forwarders' port choice criteria in order to identify the main differences between these two decision-makers. Specifically, the research focuses on the port choice of the shippers belonging to the Spanish ceramic tile industry and the freight forwarders who manage their shipments. To do so, a mixed logit model is used with data obtained through a stated preference experiment. According to our results, shippers and freight forwarders differ only in the valuation of the cost attribute, with the latter being more cost-sensitive. Moreover, results indicate that freight forwarders are more conservative in their port choice decisions, as they show greater inertia in terms of continuing to use their current departure port. Furthermore, the policy scenario considered yields interesting conclusions about the effectiveness of the different potential actions that could be carried out by Port Authorities to attract cargo.

Annex J: Direct takes of small cetaceans in Japan by type of fishery and prefecture of departure port, 2014 - 2019

How to cite: International Whaling Commission, 2022. Report of the Scientific Committee: Annex J. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. (Suppl.) 23: 293.

A Modelling Strategy to Estimate Conditional Probabilities of African Origins: The Collapse of the Oyo Empire and The Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1817–1836

Abstract Intra-African conflicts during the collapse of the kingdom of Oyo from 1817 to 1836 resulted in the enslavement of an estimated 121,000 people who were then transported to coastal ports via complex trade networks and loaded onto slave ships destined for the Americas. Historians have a good record of where these people went across the Atlantic, but little is known about where individuals were from or enslaved within Africa. In this work, we develop a novel statistical modelling strategy to describe the enslavement of people given documented violent conflict, the transport of enslaved peoples from their location of capture to their port of departure, and—given an enslaved individual's location of departure—that person's probability of origin. We combine spatial prediction of conflict density via kriging with a Markov decision process characterising intra-African transportation. The results of this model can be visualised using an interactive web application to plot—for the first time—estimated conditional probabilities of historical origins during the African diaspora. Understanding the likely origins within Africa of enslaved people may have ramifications for the history of the Atlantic world, whereby the ocean connects, rather than disconnects, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.

Cocaine trafficking from non-traditional ports: examining the cases of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay.

This article presents the results of an exploratory study aimed to analyze the contexts in which the use of Non-Traditional ports of cocaine departure and counter-intuitive routes is prioritized, based on the experience of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Moreover, we show that criminal organizations prioritize the Ports of Buenos Aires, San Antonio and Montevideo, and the counter-intuitive routes that lead to them, because they are spaces that generate incentives linked to the porosity of borders, the lack of control at the ports, and the possibility of exploiting the country’s lack of reputation for drug exportation to re-export cocaine undetected. This study constitutes a precedent for future research on the role of South American Southern Cone ports in cocaine trafficking. We can identify at least four emerging lines of research: 1. Cocaine trafficking from landlocked countries; 2. The role of the waterway Paraná-Paraguay; 3. The link between Non-Traditional ports of cocaine departure and new markets; and 4. Other Non-Traditional Ports of cocaine departure, which are not containerized.

THE ANTIKYTHERA WRECK: A NUMISMATIC APPROACH

THE ANTIKYTHERA WRECK: A NUMISMATIC APPROACH

Deep Learning Methods for Vessel Trajectory Prediction Based on Recurrent Neural Networks

Data-driven methods open up unprecedented possibilities for maritime surveillance using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. In this work, we explore deep learning strategies using historical AIS observations to address the problem of predicting future vessel trajectories with a prediction horizon of several hours. We propose novel sequence-to-sequence vessel trajectory prediction models based on encoder-decoder recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that are trained on historical trajectory data to predict future trajectory samples given previous observations. The proposed architecture combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) RNNs for sequence modeling to encode the observed data and generate future predictions with different intermediate aggregation layers to capture space-time dependencies in sequential data. Experimental results on vessel trajectories from an AIS dataset made freely available by the Danish Maritime Authority show the effectiveness of deep-learning methods for trajectory prediction based on sequence-to-sequence neural networks, which achieve better performance than baseline approaches based on linear regression or on the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) architecture. The comparative evaluation of results shows: i) the superiority of attention pooling over static pooling for the specific application, and ii) the remarkable performance improvement that can be obtained with labeled trajectories, i.e., when predictions are conditioned on a low-level context representation encoded from the sequence of past observations, as well as on additional inputs (e.g., port of departure or arrival) about the vessel's high-level intention, which may be available from AIS.

Implementation in Pakistan of the US Integrated Cargo Container Control program: Trade‐facilitating or not?

AbstractUsing novel firm‐level data, we examine the trade effect of the changed security arrangements for Pakistan's exports to the US following 9/11. The pre‐shipment scanning facility introduced by the Integrated Cargo Container Control (IC3) program, following the 100% scanning requirement, affected the beyond‐the‐border and behind‐the‐border costs of exporting. We exploit the exogenous nature of this shock and its specificity to one export market in the identification strategy. The estimates show Pakistan's exports dropped by between 8% and 11% because of IC3 but that the effect was heterogeneous across firms depending upon their pre‐IC3 port of departure and whether they switched following IC3. We also show that the export fall would have been even greater if 100% scanning had been introduced without a pre‐shipment scanning facility.

On the possibility of organizing communication for e-Navigation in the coastal zone using radio-technical posts of the vessel traffic control system

The concept of e-Navigation is to unify activities for the collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of information on vessels and in coastal services through electronic technologies to improve the navigation safety, and the quality and efficiency of the relevant services.The generalized analysis of the obtained data is used to determine the appropriate actions in the prevailing conditions, to improve the process of the vessel’s transition from berth to berth (in ports of departure and destination) and the corresponding services that ensure the safety of navigation, environmental protection, information exchange between intelligent transport systems.The basis for fulfilling the assigned tasks are three basic components of e-Navigation: vessel systems; coastal and satellite systems; communication infrastructure. The purpose of the paper is the possibility of applying broadband radio communications for unmanned navigation in the coastal zone. The research object is the analysis of broadband communication systems; the subject is the assumed range of the WiMAX radio communication zone. EMC Planner 1.1_170328 is used to simulate the anticipated WiMAX radio zone.

Annex J: Direct takes of small cetaceans in Japan by type of fishery and prefecture of departure port, 1997-2018

How to cite: International Whaling Commission, 2021. Report of the Scientific Committee: Annex J. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. Suppl. 22: 219-222.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ВЕЛИЧИНИ МЕТРИКИ, ЩО ЗАСТОСОВУЄТЬСЯ ДЛЯ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ПОДІБНОСТІ МАРШРУТІВ СУДЕН УСИСТЕМІ ВИСВІТЛЕННЯ НАДВОДНОЇ ОБСТАНОВКИ

The information component of the modern model of border protection in the maritime area is implemented using the integrated information and telecommunication system of the Marine Guard "Gart-12". The use of this system allows to obtain information about the current position of ships, port of departure and port of destination, type of cargo and other additional data. When choosing a vessel in the surface lighting system, it is possible to view the previous points of its route, obtained at certain discrete moments of time. The latter is necessary to establish possible signs of violation of the rules of the border regime by violators of border legislation. In this case, the visualization of the route is carried out using a linear approximation, and a possible violation of the rules of the border regime is established by comparing the route of an individual vessel and a cluster of routes connecting the departure and destination of the vessel. However, the use of linear approximation in the formation of a continuous approximation route of the vessel is questionable and unconfirmed. The influence of the type of approximation in the construction of a continuous route of the vessel through a set of discrete points of the vessel's location at fixed moments of time on the value of the metric used to establish the similarity of the route of two different vessels is investigated. The study involved: the formalization of the studied problem; analysis of the possibility of using linear, piecewise-square approximation, approximation using Lagrange interpolation polynomial and Newton's interpolation polynomial, as well as spline interpolation for its solution; calculation of metrics to establish the degree of similarity of ship routes; testing the hypothesis about the feasibility of applying a linear approximation based on a comparison of the results using different approximation methods. Software-algorithmic implementation of the solution of the researched problem, carried out by the authors, allows to automate the process of hypothesis testing and is the basis for further study of the influence of the type of approximation on the shape of the ship route cluster.

ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ЧАРТЕРНИХ ТА ЛІНІЙНИХ МОРСЬКИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ

Legal regulation of relations arising from the implementation of international transport has its own specifics. The most important conditions are defined in international agreements − conventions, which are the main source of regulation in this area of relations. The agreements contain mainly unified substantive legal norms necessary for the settlement of conflicts that most often arise in the regulation of issues in the field of international transport. It should be noted that international transport conventions also consist of conflict-of-law rules, which are invoked in the absence of unified substantive law. As a rule, conflict-of-law rules refer to national legislation, but sometimes also to the norms of international conventions. The norms of the conventions on international transportation are imperative for contracts of carriage, executed by a transport document − a bill of lading. As a rule, conflict-of-law rules refer to national legislation, but sometimes also to the norms of international conventions. The norms of the conventions on international transportation are imperative for contracts of carriage, executed by a transport document − a bill of lading. Relations in the field of maritime shipping in many cases remain subject to the provisions of domestic maritime law, which must be determined by conflict of laws rules. However, as there are again few generallyaccepted conflict-of-law rules established by international treaties, all relevant issues are resolved at the level of national case law, and it is also different. In connection with the development of the world economy and international economic relations, the question of the ability and degree of influence of maritime transport on them plays an important role. Maritime shipping is central to a single global transport system. Maritime transport is already in its format of activity is an international industry, and concerns the activities of the carrier for the movement of goods or passengers from the port of departure to the port of destination.Keywords: convention, bill of lading, charter, sea transportation, seaport

Integrated scheduling of intermodal transportation with seaborne arrival uncertainty and carbon emission

The world trade globalization process has triggered growing attention to port-centric supply chain (PCSC) management, wherein the land transport and maritime transport are connected by ports. Modern scheduling plans for PCSC should put more emphasis on intermodal transportation to achieve an effective and environmental-friendly management scheme. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated scheduling model with an improved multiple heterogeneous coding genetic algorithm for PCSC management, wherein the intermodal transportation has been investigated under seaborne uncertainties. By analyzing the overall cost and carbon emission under different operational strategies, the effects and countermeasures of integrated scheduling on system optimization and carbon emission mitigation policy in PCSC are discussed. The results of case studies based on a departure port in Southeast China indicate that the integrated scheduling method proposed can significantly decrease the overall system cost and carbon emission. Moreover, suggestions on optimal resource allocation and carbon emission reduction are proposed.

The International Image of the Earliest Departure Port of the Maritime Silk Road: A Corpus-driven Study of English News Reports on Guangzhou

Deng, F.; Li, Z.; Li, Y., and Lyu, J., 2020. The international image of the earliest departure port of the Maritime Silk Road: A corpus-driven study of English news reports on Guangzhou. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 1070–1074. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Guangzhou, as the “earliest departure port of the Maritime Silk Road” and an international city, has attracted more and more attention at home and abroad. News is an important tool to spread information and record the social events and keywords are often taken to be markers of “aboutness” to indicate the main idea of the news reports. This paper retrieves the keywords from two self-built corpora, Corpus of Guangzhou's Local Media Reports and Corpus of China's Media Reports, which cover the news reports on Guangzhou from 2010 to 2018, and then studies the collocations and semantic prosody of the keywords. The research results show that as to the similarities, the news reports from both Guangzhou's local media and China's media are becoming internationalized recently. Furthermore, they both pay close attention to the holding of Asian Games, actions given by Guangzhou's government, the incity and international development of Guangzhou. However, the coverage of news reports by Guangzhou's local media is larger than that of news reports by China's media; Guangzhou's local media mainly targets readers within the city but China's media mainly targets readers in the whole country; Guangzhou's local media stresses the connection with surrounding cities while China's media emphasizes the connection with domestic main cities. In addition, Guangzhou's local media uses a positive tone to give news reports while China's media uses a neutral one when reporting Guangzhou.