Fast synthesis of TS-1 on porous glass beads in a microreactor for cyclohexanone ammoximation

In the original publication [...]

Efficient treatment of rural domestic wastewater using glass pumice derived from waste glass in constructed wetlands: A pathway to sustainable resource valorization.

Ion current rectification (ICR) is essential for understanding analyte-driven nanofluid transport within nanopores. However, the rapid flow rates and limited reaction times in this process can impede electrochemical reactions at electrode interfaces, which consequently lead to electrical noise challenges. Here, we propose a simple strategy to enhance the ICR effect and reduce noise interference through the construction of bio/solid composite pores. The composite pores comprise θ-shaped glass pores that have been sequentially modified with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO), succinic anhydride (SA) and single-stranded DNA. Three-dimensional (3D) biochannels formed from acrylamide-DNA hydrogels are integrated within glass pores. High-density 3D channels and a highly viscous environment can decelerate analyte traversal, thereby establishing a stable reaction environment. Concurrently, acrylamide-DNA hydrogels modulate pore size through cascade reactions triggered by analytes, thereby altering the transport pathways of ion and affecting ICR. Furthermore, we have developed a sensor featuring adjustable ion transport pathways based on this technology. The detection range can be readily expanded to include nucleic acids, proteins, glycans and a multitude of biomolecules through modifying different aptamers. Graphical abstractThis work introduces a new sensing strategy involving self-growing acrylamide-DNA hydrogels within θ-shaped glass pores, aiming to create bio/solid-state composite pores. This approach offers a stable interface for physical and chemical reactions occurring within the pores while reducing electrical noise. The size of the bio-pore can be adjusted through DNA cascade reactions, ultimately integrating electrochemical signals to facilitate target differentiation in complex environmentsSupplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-025-03849-2.

Abstract This study explores the effect of the degree of phase separation in borosilicate glass on its mechanical behavior utilizing a hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulation approach. By systematically varying the extent of phase separation, we investigate its impact on the glass's mechanical response under different loading conditions, including compression, simple shear, and tension. Our results demonstrate that the degree of phase separation significantly influences the mechanical performance of borosilicate glass, with optimal phase separation leading to enhanced compressive and shear strength but reduced tensile strength. A detailed atomic‐scale structural analysis reveals that key parameters, such as the distribution of three‐fold and four‐fold coordinated boron atoms, oxygen coordination environments, and Voronoi volumes, play a crucial role in local stress distribution, influencing the macroscopic mechanical properties, including Young's modulus and specific stiffness. This work provides fundamental insights into the structure‐property relationships of phase‐separated borosilicate glass, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that govern its mechanical behavior and offering guidance for the design of optimized glass materials.

The quest for enhanced energy efficiency is inextricably linked to advancements in energy storage and conversion, with porous metallic glasses (MGs) serving as catalysts that hold significant potential in this area. In this study, we report the preparation of uniform porous structures by aging-assisted ultrasonic vibration (AAUV). The results indicate that ultrasonic treatment effectively enhances the energy state while preserving the amorphous structure of Zr62Cu15.5Ni12.5Al10 MGs. The results demonstrate that UV treatment effectively elevates the energy state while maintaining the amorphous structure. Electrochemical tests reveal significantly improved chemical activity after UV treatment, with a reduced corrosion potential and over 200-fold increase in electrochemical surface area after dealloying. The dealloyed UV-treated samples develop uniform porous structures with Cu-enriched zones, exhibiting exceptional catalytic performance in alkaline media (oxygen evolution reaction: 350 mV, hydrogen evolution reaction: 163 mV), comparable to commercial catalysts. This work provides new insights into developing high-performance MGs through energy-state engineering.

Corrigendum to ‘Enhanced phenol photodegradation in light-transmitting photocatalytic membrane reactor with TiO2 supported inside porous glass substrate’ [J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 13 Issue 5 (2025) 118600

SiBOC porous glasses derived from ladder-like silsesquioxanes: structure, microstructure and preliminary bioactivity

Additive manufacturing of scaffolds from porous glass microspheres via masked stereolithography: Printing challenges and sustainable applications

The development of porous materials that retain tailored porosity across different physical states beyond crystalline solids (e.g., liquid or glassy) could yield new functional materials for diverse applications, yet it remains challenging. To address this, researchers have turned to discrete porous cages such as metal-organic cages (MOCs) and metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs). The organization and physical state of these materials are governed by inter-cage interactions that can be modulated without altering the intrinsic porosity of the individual cages. In this minireview, we highlight how the peripheral functionality of such cages governs their interactions and physical state and explain how it can be harnessed to preserve and transfer porosity across distinct physical states, including liquids, glasses, and rubbers. We conclude by outlining emerging properties and potential applications for the resultant unique porous states.

Investigating the Impact of porous Glass Balls of Various Diameters on Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Vertical Channel

This work reviews percolation-related phenomena in porous organosilica glass (OSG) low-k dielectrics and their critical impact on mass transport, electrical conductivity, mechanical integrity, and dielectric breakdown. We discuss how leakage current arises from the formation of minimal percolating conductive paths along pores and defect chains, while dielectric breakdown requires system-spanning pore connectivity, resulting in a higher effective percolation threshold. Mechanical properties similarly degrade when pores coalesce into a connected network, exhibiting multiple percolation thresholds due to both chemical network modifications and porosity. Experimental trends demonstrate that leakage current increases sharply at low porosity, whereas breakdown voltage and mechanical stiffness collapse at higher porosity levels (~20%–30%). We highlight that distinct percolation classes govern transport, mechanical, and nonlinear phenomena, with correlation length and diffusion timescales providing a unified framework for understanding these effects. The analysis underscores the fundamental role of network connectivity in determining the performance of organosilicate glass-based ultra-low-k dielectrics and offers guidance for material design strategies aimed at simultaneously improving electrical, mechanical, and chemical robustness.

Abstract Binder stabilised preforms have shown much promise in the automation of the lay-up process for large glass fiber composites such as wind turbine blades. A concern when creating large 3D-curved layups is that the friction between the glass fiber fabrics is not high enough to prevent slippage due to gravity. The proposed solution in this paper corresponds to ultrasonic spot-welding (USW) of the binder-coated glass fiber fabrics at different locations during the layup process, ensuring that the fabrics remain in place. Compared to USW of resin infused glass fiber composites, the USW process for binder-coated fabrics is challenging as the amount of binder coating corresponds to 2% of the overall volume fraction of each fabric layer. This small amount of binder-coating makes it challenging for the weld to be strong enough to withstand forces experienced during handling. This study focuses on optimising the USW process for the binder-coated glass fiber fabrics by combining welding parameters with thermal sensor data to create predictive models for the strength of the joint fiber layup. The study implements a design of experiments approach to identify the proper process window for acceptable bonding while preventing thermal degradation of the material during the USW. Multiple thermal sensors are deployed in a strategic arrangement to allow reliable thermal measurements when joining the porous glass fiber fabrics. Analytical models utilise the welding parameters to estimate the temperature experienced by the binder material during USW. Peel-test data for the joint fabrics after USW are analysed to determine correlations with the welding parameters and thermal sensor measurements. This paper, therefore, presents a comprehensive study of ultrasonic spot welding for binder-stabilised glass-fiber preforms and proposes a digital twin of the process to evaluate the quality of the joint/welded fabric layups.

Utilization of gamma-irradiation for seawater desalination.

The increasing volume of waste glass released into the environment underscores the critical role of material recycling, particularly glass recycling, in promoting sustainable development. A promising approach is the recycling of waste glass into porous materials. This study investigates the influence of sintering temperature on the properties of porous materials made from waste glass. The material samples were fabricated by adding liquid sodium silicate to glass powder at a glass powder/liquid sodium silicate ratio of 9/1. The optimal sintering temperature range for the porous material was determined through a heating microscope, revealing a suitable range of 770 oC to 830 oC. The sintered porous glass samples were determined by properties such as pore size distribution analysis, density, water absorption, and porosity measurements to evaluate the properties of the resulting product. Furthermore, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique was employed to assess the functional group composition of the product. This research contributes to the search for effective waste glass recycling solutions while simultaneously producing porous materials with high application potential.

Photon attenuation, dose rate and buildup factors of porous glasses containing GeO2

Glasses are utilized for their outstanding optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, conventional production methods mostly yield in glasses with uniform compositions and material properties. Here a novel lithographic approach is presented for high‐resolution 3D dopant integration at defined positions, which enables property modifications in specific regions. For this, a porous glass matrix derived from nanocomposites is shaped using 3D printing or injection molding. Using volumetric 3D printing like computed axial or two‐photon lithography, doping is performed within the porous glass using photocurable metal oxide precursors. The dopant is then permanently integrated within the glass during a final sintering step. The local integration of dopants like Ti4+, Co2+, Eu3+ or Tb3+ allow to selectively change the color, luminescence or refractive index within a 3D‐shaped glass with micron resolution. The process enables a wide range of novel applications from integrated optics and photonics to mass customization, anti‐counterfeiting, and information storage.

On the Possibility of Regenerating Porous Glass–Zinc Oxide Composites after Sorption of Methylene Blue

Enhanced phenol photodegradation in light-transmitting photocatalytic membrane reactor with TiO2 supported inside porous glass substrate

Abstract Liquid–liquid phase separation in borosilicate glass significantly influences its mechanical, optical, and thermal properties, as seen in glasses like Pyrex. This study investigates nanometer‐sized phase separation in Na 0.5 Ca 0.25 BSiO 4 (BNC25) borosilicate glass using a hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics simulation approach, focusing on thermodynamic and structural properties. Phase separation in BNC25 is thermodynamically favorable, as indicated by the positive mixing enthalpy before the simulation and the enthalpy difference before and after the simulation. We analyze changes in structural features such as coordination number, radial distribution function, and network connectivity due to phase separation and as a function of temperature.