Popular Folklore Research Articles

Dramaturgy Study: The Story of “Si Pandir” on The Effectiveness of Village Fund Management

Purpose: The aim of this study was to uncover the intricacies of village fund budget management by offering a comprehensive portrayal of the behaviors exhibited by the key actors involved in village budget management, both in front and behind the scenes. The aim of this study focuses on the workings of the X village fund budget, highlighting the role of third parties in optimizing the utilization of the X village fund budget.
 
 Method: A qualitative method with a dramaturgical study approach is used in this study to answer the proposed study proposition
 
 Results: The findings indicate that the dynamics observed in the management of the X village fund budget can lead to optimal resource allocation aligned with the village's development objectives and the well-being of its community. This is because the village fund administrators engage in strategic budgetary maneuvers to achieve the utmost efficiency in budget management. The positive impact stemming from the proactive involvement of the village apparatus, colloquially referred to as "Si Pandir," is the promotion of equitable development and the enhancement of village welfare. Through collaboration with relevant government entities, the village apparatus can facilitate the provision of advanced and fair amenities for the village, fostering cooperation that benefits the entire community.
 
 Implications: The results of this study can be used for future research to develop an optimal village fund management concept, not only from the perspective of the related village apparatus but also involving the active participation of the local community.
 
 Novelty: This research elaborates on village fund management with the Pandir legend as the most popular folklore in Java.

THE İMAGE SYSTEM OF THE ENGLİSH AND KAZAKH VERSİONS OF THE EPIC “KORUGLY”

The epic “Korugly” is one of the most popular folklore works in the world. Poems about Korugly, descended from the Turkmen Teke tribe, are ethnically, linguistically and religiously diverse in Kazakh, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Armenian, Georgian, Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Kurdish, Tatar, Abkhaz, Kumuk, Karakalpak and other languages. It has been sung in the folklore of nations for centuries and has become a favorite work of the people. In addition, it is known that the epic “Korugly” has been studied by many scholars in accordance with the motivational and plot features. This article describes the peculiarities of the image systems of the English edition of the epic “Korugly” and the Kazakh version. In the study of the image systems of the English and Kazakh versions, such research methods were used as observation, comparison, analogy. With the help of these methods, the similarities and differences in the actions of the same characters in both versions of the epic “Korugly” were identified at the plot and motivational levels. As a result of a comparative study, the features of the image system of the English edition of the epic “Korugly” and the Kazakh version were revealed. The English version of the epic and the images of the Kazakh version were discussed separately, and the differences in the characters in each version were revealed. An analysis of positive and negative characters of the epic “Korugly” in two versions was conducted. The results of the research can be used by readers interested in the literature of the Turkic world, as well as in universities and secondary schools as a scientifically researched work based on the poem “Korugly”.

Ceremonial preoccupations in the performances of the Iraqi playwright

The research deals with (the ceremonial preoccupations in the performances of the Iraqi playwright) the Iraqi ceremonial theater with a specificity that emerges as an Arab theatrical style that relied on reviving the legacies and popular folklore drawn from mythology and tales, as what was called quasi-dramatic phenomena as the foundations of an authentic Arab theatrical style employed in harmony with dung overlap with the ritual manifestations of The ceremonial dimensions are seen as one of the most important formative elements of the Arab ceremonial theater and one of the foundations of rooting. Those appearances, which came as constructive foundations, produced an idea that was reflected in the theatrical show with its festive style with an Arab identity, and that this reflection was represented in the operational structures of the theatrical show according to the Arab theoretical vision, and the research had focused on the representations of the festive appearances.
 The methodological framework came to review the research problem, the need for it and its importance in addition to defining and defining the terms. As for the second chapter, it came on two sections. Under the title (Celebratory Visions in Arab Theater Performances), the researcher went to create an approach between celebration and celebration in its philosophical dimension and the theatrical artistic work in Arab theater performances.
 The researcher adopted the descriptive, analytical and intentional approach in selecting and processing the sample in the third chapter of the research, and adopted the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework as a tool for measurement.

PERANCANGAN BUKU POP UP LEGENDA BATU MENANGIS

Folklore is an oral story that is passed down from mouth to mouth from generation to generation. In general, folklore tells about an incident in a place or area. Rich in noble values, traditional, and generally, no one knows who the author is. Popular folklore includes Malin Kundang, Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, Timun Mas, Keong Mas, and others. The very rapid technological progress is also the reason why folk tales are starting to be forgotten. With smartphones, children's interest in reading is reduced because children view more digital content and play online games. In general, children at the age of 6-12 years have entered elementary school, and children between the ages of 6-12 years are characterized by rapid intelligence development. To get children interested in reading again, a pop-up book was created entitled "The Design of Pop-Up Book Legend Of Crying Stone" as an effort to increase the attractiveness of the younger generation to folklore. Thus, traditional noble values can be introduced from generation to generation. Keywords: Pop Up Book, Interactive, Folklore

Making Dents in the Paradigm of a Perfect Wife: Parvati’s Negotiations with Patriarchy in Indian Mythology

Pārvatī is a fascinating figure in Indian mythology and generally what stands out is her absolute love for Śiva who, too, could not ignore her. Popular folklore reiterates the notion of their timeless love and rituals concretize it. Purāṇas do mention her as a goddess of mountains in her own right, but her character gets principally demarcated by her closeness to her husband, Śiva, for whom she could die to avenge humiliation meted out to him by her father in her Satī form. Subsequently, she was reborn as Pārvatī to seek that proximity again. Historically if she was a mother goddess in her own right, we are curious to know how her cult got amalgamated within that of Śiva. Purāṇas give us clues about this process of assimilation and in the course raise a litany of issues that we would attempt to answer in our paper.

THE ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE FOLKLORE PLOT, TRADITIONAL IMAGES AND MOTIVES IN THE LEGEND BY NATALENA KOROLEVA "KYRYLO KOZHUMIAKA"

The article presents an attempt to analyze the legend by Natalena Koroleva "Kyrylo Kozhumiaka" in terms of determining the specifics of the author's reinterpretation of the folklore plot, traditional motives and images. The material for generalizations is the texts of the Ukrainian folk tale "Kyrylo Kozhumiaka", published by Panteleimon Kulish in "Notes on Southern Rus" and the legend by Natalena Koroleva (collection "Ancient Kyivan Legends") under the same title. The study observes that Natalena Koroleva revealed a steady interest in folklore and literary legends throughout her creative life, masterfully weaving the legend material into almost every artistic text. The article notes that the legend "Kyrylo Kozhumiaka" was written in ancient traditions: this is expressed in the active use of the means of epic recitative songs, in the depiction of popular folklore characters, in the stylization of oral folk poetry. The variety of stylistic devices typical of domestic folklore envokes the reader’s sense of authenticity and highlights the truthfulness of the depicted image of a distant epoch. The article reveals that in the collection "Ancient Kyivan Legends" the author continued and creatively reinterpreted the ancient traditions of Ukrainian and European legends. The comparative analysis of the folk tale "Kyrylo Kozhumiaka" and the legend by Natalena Koroleva under the same title, on the one hand, evinced the writer's admiration for the Ukrainian oral folk poetic heritage and a deep understanding of folk poetics; on the other hand, it demonstrated her ability and talent to fill a well-known plot with new ideas and collisions, to create full-blooded and bright heroes, to decorate the text with brilliant means and techniques of artistic expression. Natalena Koroleva convincingly proved that the legend as a literary genre can harmoniously exist in the modern literary process.

Alashorda folk songs: M.Zhumabayev’s heritage in public memory

The article provides a general overview of the socio-cultural life in the Akmolinsk region in the 1920s and 1930s, based on archival and field materials collected in the region. During this period, there was a process of establishing a new authority aimed at excluding certain groups of people, identified as «members of the former establishment» (byvshyye) and «disfranchised» (lishenets), from public and political life. Their segregation was justified by the necessity of building a new society and state based on social justice. One of the most effective actions, from the perspective of the new authority, was the subversive action of material well-being of the «members of the former establishment» (byvshyye). In Kazakhstan, which was considered one of the backward regions of the East at that time, as part of collectivization and the fight against kulak and bai elements, the confiscation of movable property, such as livestock, belonging to the Kazakhs was carried out. The consequence of this action was a well-known humanitarian catastrophe – famine. The anticipation of this famine was expressed in anti-Soviet folk songs called «chastushka». This form of popular folklore became an expression of the social protest. The novelty of the study lies in the introduction of texts of anti-government folk songs (chastushka) from the specified period into the scientific discourse. The analysis of the text of «Alashorda» folk song (chastushka) in the Kazakh language revealed its connection to the writings of the outstanding Kazakh poet Magzhan Zhumabayev, suggesting that the folk song (chastushka) originated from his composition. The evaluation of the events is presented through the examples of the provided chastushkas. A significant number of the «disfranchised» (lishenets) individuals was subjected to physical extermination, moral and psychological violence during the years of the Soviet regime. However, their voices are preserved in the memory of their descendants through post-memory.

Preliminary phytochemical screening of medicinal herb, SAMBAU PAYA (Chloranthus erectus)

The genus Chloranthus (L.) is one of the most important groups of plants belonging to the Chloranthaceae family. Chloranthus erectus is an erect shrub, native to Southeast Asia's tropical and temperate zones. It is a popular folklore medicine used by many indigenous communities. However, no comprehensive assessment and scientific report of C. erectus were published. Hence, this preliminary study was carried out to screen the phytochemical analysis of leaves extract in methanol and aqueous extracts of indigenous medicinally important plants of C. erectus. The phytochemicals analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, quinones, glycosides, and steroids. The current study shows that C. erectus solvent extract contains therapeutically significant bioactive components, which supports the use of plant species as traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of disorders.

THE IMAGE OF THE VAMPIRE IN WORLD AND LATVIAN LITERATURE

The theme of the article is evolution of the popular folklore image of the vampire in world literature. From the monster of folk narrative the image of the vampire entered literary culture at the beginning of the 19th century when writers of the age of Romanticism sought material for their work in folk tales. The novel “Dracula” written by the Irish writer Bram Stoker set a large part of attributes for the image of the vampire in readers’ consciousness. It became a turning point in the evolution of the vampire. In the following years the vampire was a popular symbol in the 20th century literary experiments; however, it gained a considerable fame with a more rapid spreading of the cinema. Later, until the second half of the 20th century the image of the vampire was degraded to the level of a cheap horror monster. In the 1970s it was revived by the American writer Anne Rice in her series of novels “The Vampire Chronicles”. For the time being the latest tendency in the evolution of the vampire is represented by the novels of paranormal romance subgenre intended for young adults. In these novels the vampire has assumed the aura of a romantic character. In comparison with world literature vampire has not won a massive popularity in the novels of Latvian writers; however, some authors have occasionally used this image in their works. The image of the vampire appears in Latvian literature as a classical blood sucking monster, as a political symbol and also as a romantic hero in fantasy and adventure novels for young people. As we can see, the presence of the image of the vampire in Latvian writing reflects the same tendencies that have dominated world literature on a smaller scale. For this reason Latvian literature can be considered to be an interesting testimony of literary connections in the world.

Character Education Value from Ten Folktales in Indonesia as Cyber Literature

In the development of technology, all aspects experience the same development, including literature. Technology had greatly influenced the production and reception of literature. Changes in literary works by utilizing current technological media can also be called cyber literature. However, the ease of technology might lead problems. The teacher who would use cyber literature as learning material took it without any guideline on what is the value that existed in the cyberliterature. So that this study aimed to analyze character education that appears in folklore cyber literature in Indonesia. The results of this study will be a guide for high school English teachers in choosing what characters to use in narrative learning using folklore. The approach used in this research was a descriptive qualitative approach. The data source of this research was cyber literature in the form of folklore. The selection of the title of folklore in Indonesia was based on the results of a poll from the SINDO newspaper which found that there were 10 popular folk tales. The result of the study showed that from 10 the most popular folklore in the internet, 6 out of 18 characters existed in the story. They were Responsible, hard work, honesty, self-reliance, creative, and love country. Even though, the value mostly based on the protagonist of the story, we could also see the contra value that promoted by the antagonist, such as dishonesty..

Assessment of in-vitro proximate composition and mineral analysis of different combinations of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes as herbal supplements in the possible prevention and management of hypertension

Hypertension is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and is among the leading causes of death globally. Recent reports revealed that hypertension and related cardiovascular complications are gaining more importance in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Nigeria. Plant herbs such as moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes are popular folklore for the management of hypertension, but limited scientific information is available on their possible synergistic effect in militating against the scourge of high blood pressure. This study sought to evaluate the effect of combination of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and ginger (Zingiber officinale) root in different proportions. The proximate composition and mineral analysis of these combinations was assessed. Sample A contained 100% powdered moringa leaves, sample B contained 100% powdered ginger rhizomes, sample C contained 50% powdered moringa leaves and 50% powdered ginger rhizomes, sample D contained 25% powdered moringa leaves and 75% powdered ginger rhizomes, while sample E contained 75% powdered moringa leaves and 25% powdered ginger rhizomes. The proximate composition of moringa leaves and ginger rhizome showed that moringa had a higher percentage of moisture, fat and carbohydrate than ginger while ginger had a higher percentage of protein, fibre and ash. Upon combination at different proportions, a number of positive synergy was observed. The different combinations of the two herbal plants show increased percentage of the proximate compositions and minerals compared to the lower individual percentage in nearly all parameters assessed. This can be harnessed to achieve the desired nutrient and nutraceuticals aimed at managing hypertension.

A chorus for a feast

Frog-biting midges (Corethrella sp) and culicid mosquitoes were observed feeding on a hylid frog (Boana caiapo; top) in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Although in popular folklore flies and their relatives are commonly preyed upon by frogs and toads, several dipterans – including corethrellid midges – are specialized anuran parasites. The female midges track frog calls to locate potential hosts, from which they feed and ingest a blood meal (note the blood-filled abdomens of some individuals surrounding the frog’s eyes and nostrils). Corethrellid midges may also transmit trypanosomes (parasitic protozoa) to anurans, and variations in midge abundance caused by environmental changes warrant further research, as they may have important consequences for amphibian conservation. Phonotaxis (movement cued by sound) practiced by midges is directly related to the prevalence of bites on anterior portions of frogs, whereas the more generalist culicid mosquitoes, which are attracted to their hosts by CO2, often bite opportunistically over a frog’s body. Circular pale marks commonly observed on frogs of the Boana geographica species group (such as these on what resembles B semilineata but may be another Boana species; bottom) are typically caused by mosquito bites. The broader ecological implications of relationships between anurans and dipterans remain largely unknown.

Economic, Social and Demographic Impact of Burmese Invasion of Manipur

Adversarial relationship best describes the history between the Kingdom of Manipur and Burma. As expected between neighbours, there had been frequent wars, alliance formation through intermarriages, trade ties, and cultural exchanges. The watershed in the bilateral relationships was the Burmese occupation during 1819-1826; a period described as the ‘Seven Years Devastation’. It was the last and the most destructive in the series of invasions that befalls the Kingdom of Manipur. Considered the darkest phase, the seven years left an indelible mark in the mindset of the Manipuris. The trail of destruction and devastation that the invading Burmese armies left in the psyche of the Manipuris are still retold in the popular folklore, ballads, and enacted in plays. It had left a penetrating impact on the social, economic, demographic, cultural, and even foreign relations of Manipur.
 Submitted: 28 May 2020; Revised: 02 December, 2020; Accepted: 26 February 2021

CHARACTER GESTURE COMPARISON ON TIMUN MAS ANIMATION MADE BY DRS SUYADI AND TIMUN MAS ANIMATION MADE BY BENING STUDIO

Animation is one of the flagship products of creative industry which grow rapidly, under Bekraf (Indonesian Creative Economy Board) film, animation, and video sub sector. The high quantity of animation production in Indonesia can be shown through several animation projects which currently still in production stage or already circulated, whether in the form of serialization for TV or in the form of movie on silver screen. Therefore, the study of animation made in Indonesia nowadays is needed more than before. As an art form, animation is also a media that can be deconstructed for each of its aspect, historically, socially, theoretically, and critically. Animation in its visual form is using various element and technique that common in visual media design. This technique historically can be look down to past media that already used before the advent of animation. One of the important visual elements of animation film is visual character element. Visual character is an embodiment of characterization from the scenario. The embodiment done through the design of visual character that made to facilitate the movement in order to make audience understand the story. Character design and its movement in animation through the detail planning must be able to show its personality. In order to show it, the designer uses various technique and methods such as: acting and expression which achieved through character visualization of gesture, movement, voice and other form of body language. Many form of that character visual expression not only used for delivering the story but also to convey meaning to audience. One of the popular genres of animation made in Indonesia is a fairytale (dongeng) animation. Fairytale animation derives its story from folklore (cerita rakyat) of Indonesia. Though it is a misconception the folklore is considered as children friendly story therefore deemed appropriate to be used as animation story for children. One of the popular folklore or fairytale stories that often adapted for animation is Timun Mas story. This animation character gesture study hopefully can be considered as the way to enriching the study of animation as media in Indonesia and in the end can be use to further study of methods and process of character design in animation.

Teaching English for Children Through Translation Perspective

There are some ways in teaching second language for children, one of them is by introducing folklore in English. The teacher must view that the shifts may occur in teaching second language. There are some famous Indonesian folklore that have been translated into English that can be introduced for the children. In introducing the English language for children, the Indonesian folklore which is translated English is very important to be learnt, in Indonesian, for instance, English as the second language, so that there are various books which are translated into English, Folklore is one important way to learn second language. There are hundreds folklore of Indonesian and some of them are translated into English. An Indonesian language folklore may be translated into various languages like English, Japanese, etc. In teaching English for children, the teacher must understand that every language will have different structure, so that the shift may occur. In the translation, shifts can happen because one language may have different structure, rules or formation. Shifts are the phenomenon which can be found in translation, it is interesting to analyze the shifts occur in Indonesian folklore, because folklore is one media to learn English for Indonesian children. A popular Indonesian folklore entitled Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih Story were chosen to be analyzed in this study.

The Literary Popular Hereditary in al Shirgat and Hawija District (Ataba and Aghani Alhasad as a sample )an anthropological and pragmatics study

The latest studies, in the field of cultural and social anthropology, have witnessed a clear linkage and interconnection with other sciences, which started to deal with the social structure and cultural models. This interconnection clearly appears in modern sciences where they integrated between two majors, and the appearance of semiotic studies. Such kind of studies try to investigate the hidden social structure, obviously through the social structures and phenomena and being the subject of the study. The study investigates the symbols, semantic, and signals and everything hidden in human being and cultural systems. As sciences and their kinds develop, semiotics have a great share of it. After semiotic studies had gone by studding the sing and mark in language and literature, it started to investigate the sign in all its interconnections and meet in different positions. New semiotic trends have appeared to study the cultural system and social context in a modern method so as to study culture pragmatically in order to reach the intended meaning through interpretation and analysis. This interconnection between the sciences and thoughts generates from another new thoughts, they might correspond or might not with each other and there is no science can stand alone. On this basis, the study deals with popular folklore of a society that has all the signs of literary culture in the indications and symbols of the hereditariness of poetry which had the interest of poets and critics of that society such as Atabah and Aghani Alhasad with all its meanings and cultural pragmatics

“Tan Divina Amazona”: The Legend of Isabel the Catholic Queen in Luis Vélez de Guevara’s La serrana de la Vera

In La serrana de la Vera (1613), Luis Velez de Guevara provides an updated take on the medieval serrana, a lustful and dangerous mountain woman. He sets her legendary actions during the reign of Isabel I of Castile, and the play follows the protagonist Gila’s degeneration from an impressively strong labradora to a demonic man-murderer who boasts of over two thousand kills. Critics have noted the strong affinity between Queen Isabel and the serrana Gila and have focused on the play as an exemplum for curbing female behavior that exceeds the norms imposed by a patriarchal society. While the play creates a mirroring effect whereby Gila adopts and emulates Isabel’s masculine traits, I maintain that Gila’s virile behavior and starry-eyed admiration of Isabel entail more than a warning for women; her portrayal questions and challenges Isabel’s legend as presented in writings and remembrances of the queen. At the heart of this play, beyond the ambiguous gender of Gila, is the playwright’s challenge to the official mythic construction of royal personas. Velez de Guevara takes an already legendary serrana character from popular folklore and links her with the queen, emphasizing how Isabel’s history approximates and in many instances is indistinguishable from myth. La serrana de la Vera ends as a tragedy, thus emphasizing the untenability of Isabel’s dehumanizing legend.

Last but not beast: the fall of the Alpine wolves told by historical DNA

The sociopolitical acceptance necessary for the conservation of controversial species requires scientific knowledge that disentangles empirical facts from myth and misinformation. An epitome of such, the gray wolf (Canis lupus) had been eradicated from most of Western Europe by the early twentieth century. However, a few mysteriously re-appeared in the Alps throughout the twentieth century, leading to systematic hunts encouraged by popular folklore and massive waves of panic. These historical events are reminiscent of the hostile context now surrounding the recolonization of the wolf across former ranges. Through historical DNA sequencing of five rare museum specimens shot post-WWII, we tell the true story of these mystery beasts. The oldest ones (1947–1954) were just the very last survivors of an endemic, extremely resilient wolf population, thought to be extinct decades earlier, while recent ones (1978–1990) most likely originated from captivity. This parable reminds that today more than ever, scientific evidence is necessary to conduct an objective societal debate over the management and conservation of controversial species.

Refusing making

This article is an examination and a refusal of education as a site of making-up kinds of people. “Indian,” “Aboriginal,” “Black,” “refugee,” “special needs,” “citizens,” “white,” “boy,” “girl” are but a few of the kinds of people education continues to make up. The social sciences and the humanities have offered critical contributions towards the making-up of human kinds. Drawing from the specific case of Indigenous making-up in Guatemala, this article zooms in to twentieth-century anthropology, its activities, aspirations, and reverberations in contemporary Guatemalan curriculum and pedagogy. With Ian Hacking’s framework for making up people, this article proposes a study of difference and race that charts and interrogates the knowledges, experts, and expert institutions implicated in making up particular kinds of people and the effects that their making produces. Finally, and contrary to the popular folklore that “Indigenous” peoples in their imposed “uncivilized” ontology accepted the invader, this article draws from Indigenous refusal. The making-up of people in education sorts, orders, and exploits. This colonial order must be refused. The article offers conceptual cues for refusal from which specific actions can be initiated in school curricula.

Text Translation Method by Considering Information Distribution in the Form of Theme-Rheme Relation

This study will analyze the translation of sentences in the text by giving consideration to the distribution of information presented in the form of Theme-Rheme relation. First we will identify Themes - Rheme in the sentences in the text and will analyze the results of the translation. The theme is information that is priori-tized in a sentence usually placed in the beginning of sentence, and Rheme is the proposed information. There are three types of Themes, namely Topical Theme, Interpersonal Theme, and Textual Theme. The object of discussion here is the Topical Themes, which are Themes relating to how the subject matter discussed in the clause or sentence is laid out. Topical themes are divided into two types: Marked Topical Theme and Un-marked Topical Theme. The analysis of Topical Themes are taken from a bilingual children's book entitled Sangkuriang from the publisher Nexx Media Inc., Bandung. Sangkuriang is one of the popular Indonesian folklore that tells of a very beautiful mother whose admirer is his own son. The text to be analyzed is part of the text that tells about the birth of Dayang Sumbi, the mother of Sangkuriang. From the result of the whole analysis, the source text consists of 10 Marked Topical Theme and Top 10 Unmarked Topical Theme. There are some Topical theme changes from the source text to the target text: a sentence with an Unmarked Topical Theme is translated into a sentence with a Marked Topical Theme, and vice versa. Based on the analysis of Topical Themes on the Source Text and Target Text it can be concluded that there are some sentences that have shifted Topical Themes. There have been some changes in information due to the shift in this Topical Theme, so it can be said that this translation is not good. At the end of the analysis is given an edit on the target text. The edit of this translation does not change the Topical Theme from the Source Text, so the sub-ject matter in each sentence of the Target text is the same as the subject matter in each sentence of the Source Text.