Popliteal Artery Injury Risk in Total Knee Arthroplasty Related to Anatomic Variations: A Scoping Review.

The Impact of Sex on Atherectomy Outcomes for Different Anatomic Regions.

Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome Initially Misdiagnosed as Ankle Synovitis in a Taekwondo Athlete: A Case Report

Treatment of popliteal artery injuries: a comparison of application patterns and short-term outcomes between open surgical and endovascular repair.

Endovascular Revascularization Followed by Isolated Popliteal Artery Decompression for Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Comparative Study.

To compare endovascular strategies for femoropopliteal lesions extending to the distal popliteal artery (PA). We retrospectively analyzed 275 femoropopliteal lesions extending to the distal PA (P2/P3) treated with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) and/or stents between July 2011 and October 2021. Outcomes were compared among three treatment strategies: full-cover stent (n = 90), full-cover DCB (n = 128), and hybrid therapy (n = 57) defined as stent implantation within P1 combined with DCB treatment in P2/P3. The primary outcomes were restenosis and major adverse limb events (MALE). Adjusted analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) were performed to account for background differences. Predictors of restenosis were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. The 24-month restenosis rate was lowest with hybrid therapy compared to full-cover stent and full-cover DCB (26.7% vs. 62.1% vs. 60.7%, P = 0.010), whereas the 24-month MALE rate was highest with full-cover stent (29.1% vs.13.6% vs. 12.2%, P = 0.002) with the consistent findings after IPTW. Multivariate analysis identified full-cover DCB, full-cover stent, (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.95 and 2.42, P = 0.039 and 0.009 compared with hybrid therapy) and involving distal popliteal chronic total occlusion (HR: 1.70, P = 0.049) were independent predictors of restenosis, whereas hypertension (HR: 0.63, P = 0.025) was associated with reduced risk. Notably, restenosis after hybrid therapy was predominantly occlusive. Hybrid therapy for femoropopliteal lesions extending to the distal PA was associated with lower restenosis rate without increasing MALE risk. However, occlusive restenosis may complicate repeat intervention and warrants careful surveillance. Findings should be interpreted in light of treatment-selection bias and device heterogeneity.

Clinical information regarding the fibula flap gained from digital subtraction angiography useful for flap elevation.

Endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms: Indications, techniques and outcomes

Two Cases of Symptomatic Adventitial Cystic Disease Involving the Popliteal Artery and Femoral Vein

Popliteal artery aneurysms: Imaging using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and intra-arterial angiography

The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in follow-up after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is well established. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of CEUS after open and endovascular repair of popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA). A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.Gov, and ICTRP databases up to 2024, focusing on CEUS-based follow-up examination. The primary endpoint focused on the comparative diagnostic accuracy of CEUS for endoleaks detection after PAA repair. Two studies on endoleak detection after PAA repair using CEUS were identified. Both lacked a systematic comparison of CEUS with a reference standard such as computed tomography angiography. While the overall risk of bias in patient selection and CEUS-(index) testing was considered low, the accuracy of CEUS was only assessed to a very limited extent using the established QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic studies. In one of the two studies, CEUS was highly sensitive in detecting endoleaks, which were also detectable in PAA sac shrinkage. The role of CEUS in the detection of endoleaks after PAA repair is currently unclear. It can be hypothesized that CEUS-based endoleak detection is very sensitive but may not be predictive of PAA growth after repair. Future studies with improved methodological quality are necessary to define the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS-based endoleak detection and its clinical significance.

During dissection of an adult female cadaver, an unique variation of the plantaris muscle was noted in the right lower limb. The plantaris had two heads of origin. The lateral head was fleshy and the medial head was aponeurotic. The lateral head took origin from the lateral supracondylar line. The medial aponeurotic head took origin from the capsule of the knee joint, oblique popliteal ligament and the fascia covering popliteus muscle. The two heads joined each other behind the main neurovascular bundle and the narrow gap between these two heads was traversed by tibial nerve, popliteal vein and popliteal artery. The tendon of plantaris divided into medial and lateral slips. The medial slip merged with the anterior surface of the tendocalcaneus and the lateral slip merged with the deep fascia, lateral to the insertion of the tendocalcaneus.

A 62-year-old man presented with a long-standing history of a nonhealing ulcer to the left foot. Previous antegrade revascularization attempts failed. Retrograde access was obtained at the posterior tibial artery, but the wire traveled away from the tibial peroneal trunk and connected at the popliteal artery. Intravascular ultrasound confirmed intraluminal passage of the wire, which led to successful revascularization of the posterior tibial artery and ulcer healing. The RIVER (Retrograde Intravascular ultrasound Endovascular Revascularization of Anomalous Tibial Chronic Total Occlusions) technique is a useful strategy for revascularization of anomalous tibial occlusions when standard antegrade approaches fail.

Knee dislocations (KDs) are potentially limb-threatening injuries characterized by complete displacement of the tibiofemoral articulation. Historically, most KDs resulted from high-energy trauma and sporting activities. However, KDs occurring in morbidly obese patients from low-energy falls, termed "ultra-low-velocity KDs," are becoming more common. Prompt evaluation and recognition are key to achieving a timely reduction and avoiding potentially devastating complications resulting from popliteal artery injury. A suspected KD should be monitored with serial examinations to assess the vascular status. Emergent vascular surgery consultation is indicated for limbs that have evidence of vascular compromise. KDs that cannot be reduced through closed means should be taken to the operating room emergently for open reduction. Temporary external fixation should be reserved for knees that remain subluxated or grossly unstable after reduction or bracing treatment, in cases with severe open wounds, associated extremity fractures that require stabilization, and in select cases requiring vascular intervention. Controversies in definitive management remain regarding timing of ligament stabilization, repair vs. reconstruction of injured ligaments, and single vs. staged treatment. Complications associated with KDs include vascular injuries with limb loss, arthrofibrosis, compartment syndrome, infection, heterotopic ossification, and nerve recovery challenges and recurrent laxity. Ongoing level 1 clinical trials are being conducted to determine optimal timing of both ligamentous reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation. Despite the severity of these injuries, many patients are able to return to work and sport-related activities.

The study of the vascular system, in particular the arterial bed, is a fundamental basis for the development of veterinary medicine, especially in such fields as surgery, orthopedics and traumatology. The shin area in breeding farm animals, including goats, is subject to high functional loads and the risk of injury, which necessitates a detailed knowledge of its blood supply. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the topography, branching and age dynamics of the shin arteries in goats using the example of the Anglo-Nubian breed, as well as to assess the practical significance of research in the work of a veterinary surgeon. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The study was conducted in three age groups: newborn baby goats; young animals 5-6 months old; adult animals. To achieve this goal, traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection, photographing, and vasorentgenography with morphometry in the RadiAnt program. According to the results of the study, it was found that the arterial bed of the shin in Anglo-Nubian goats is a complexly organized system with certain age-related patterns of development. The popliteal artery serves as the main source of blood supply, giving rise to the cranial and caudal tibial arteries, which, in turn, provide vascularization of muscle groups, bones and joints. The safin artery plays not only an auxiliary, but also a collateral role. Morphometric data convincingly demonstrate intensive vascular growth in the first months of life, which must be taken into account when developing surgical techniques for young animals.

Although various vessel-related models using pig hindlimbs have been reported, descriptions of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs are either rare or confusing. This cadaveric study was designed to explore and describe the anatomy of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs and to compare with the arterial tree in human legs. The vascular anatomy of the hindlimb of lard infused pigs (Shanghai White Pig) was investigated (n = 20). The primary parameters were as follows: the course and branches of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs; the discrepancy in the anatomical terms of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs between the classic veterinary books and the literature; the comparison of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs and the arterial tree in human legs; and the addition of the arterial tree in human legs from the literature. The internal iliac artery and external iliac artery directly originated from the abdominal aorta without forming a common trunk (the common iliac artery in humans). According to their continuation, the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs was divided into the following segments: external iliac artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, and cranial tibial artery. The anatomical terms of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs in the literature exhibit great discrepancies. It was also observed that the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs and the arterial tree in human legs greatly differed. Some studies have reported good additions of the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs. This study describes the anatomic differences between the arterial tree of pig hindlimbs and the arterial tree in human legs enabling a more consistent nomenclature when using pig studies for clinical use.

Objective: To assess the surgical outcomes and early functional recovery of patients undergoing great saphenous vein graft repair for popliteal artery injuries following posterior knee dislocations caused by motorcycle accidents.Study Design: Descriptive case series.Place and Duration of Study: Plastic Surgery and General Surgery Departments, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, from January 2021 to December 2024.Methodology: This study included 21 male patients aged 12 years and older who sustained posterior knee dislocations due to motorcycle-related trauma. All patients had intraoperatively confirmed injuries to the popliteal artery and underwent arterial reconstruction using reversed autologous great saphenous vein grafts. Fasciotomy and orthopedic stabilization were performed as required. Patients who presented more than 12 hours after trauma with non-viable limbs or incomplete follow-up data were excluded. Graft patency was evaluated with Doppler ultrasonography on days 2 and 7, and with CT angiography at six months. Functional outcomes were assessed at 12 weeks using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).Results: All patients achieved limb salvage, with no amputations recorded. Graft patency at six months was confirmed in all cases. The mean LEFS score was 65.0 ± 4.1, with 18 patients (85.7%) achieving scores of 60 or higher, reflecting satisfactory recovery. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (23.8%) and included wound infection, early graft thrombosis, seroma, and wound dehiscence—all managed conservatively.Conclusion: Timely revascularization using reversed saphenous vein grafts offers excellent outcomes in terms of limb salvage, graft durability, and early functional recovery in patients with motorcycle-related popliteal artery injuries.

Midterm Outcomes of Endovascular Versus Open Surgical Repairs of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center.

Outcomes following use of IPACK nerve block: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Safe and reproducible knee posterolateral portal development using an arthroscopic inside-out technique: A technical note and retrospective case series of current technique.