Poor Category Research Articles

Severity of elbow mobility limitation in pediatric patients with a displaced supracondylar humerus fracture requiring surgical treatment: A monocentric retrospective clinical study

Purpose: It was aimed to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between various types of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children with movement impairment according to Flynn’s classification. Methods: Clinical results of 263 patients who were operated on with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus were evaluated. Flynn’s classification was used to compare movement impairment. Results: One year after the procedure, only one patient in the category of extension fractures of type II displacement, and only in elbow flexion, had an unsatisfactory treatment outcome according to Flynn. All other patients achieved a satisfactory treatment outcome, with the vast majority, 252 patients (96%), in the excellent category. Four patients were in the good category, one patient in the fair category, and the aforementioned one patient in the poor category. Conclusion: In 1 year after the surgery, the limitation of elbow mobility is usually insignificant regardless of the grade of displacement or type of supracondylar fracture of the humerus. Level of Evidence: Level III—retrospective comparative study.

EDUKASI KESEHATAN GIGI DAN FISSURE SEALINGSEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KARIES GIGI PERMANEN PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR

The most susceptible tooth surface to caries in children is the occlusal surface of the first and second permanent molars. A program that can be carried out effectively to reduce the risk of caries on the pit and fissure tooth surface is through pit and fissure sealant treatment. The method of community service activities is: education about dental health accompanied by a demonstration of how to brush teeth and fissure sealant filling according to the indications for children who are willing to undergo dental treatment. Results: after dental health education was carried out, there was a significant increase in the good knowledge category, which increased to 55.9%. The percentage of respondents with sufficient knowledge decreased to 44.1% and there were no more respondents included in the poor knowledge category (0%). Fissure sealant filling has been successfully carried out with a target of 30 children, where 38 teeth with deep fissures have been treated. Conclusion: dental health education can increase respondent knowledge. Fissure sealing is one form of effective preventive intervention on permanent first molars because they are the earliest teeth to erupt and are most susceptible to caries, so they are the main target in prevention programs. The combination of educational interventions and preventive clinical actions such as fissure sealing has proven effective in promoting and preventing dental and oral health.

EXPLORING THE CLINICAL COMPETENCES REGARDING INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT PEOPLE'S NURSING SCHOOL JAMSHORO

Background: Infection is one of the most important problems in health care services worldwide; also, it constitutes one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Nursing students are more exposed to infections during their clinical training, so they need to improve their performance related to infection control measures. Standard precautions are set of measures formulated to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens when providing health care. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess nursing students' knowledge regarding infection control measures and to identify factors affecting adherence to infection control guidelines. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 graduates at People’s Nursing School Liaquat University Jamshoro. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 18 multiple-choice questions related to Infection and Infection Control measures. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were used to summarize the data. Results: The study results show 60 participants, with the majority being male 56.67% (n=34), were male, aged between 22–27 years and are in 4thYear of BS Nursing Generic. Out of 60 respondents 34 participants (56.7%) fell within the Good category, 15 participants (25.0%) demonstrated a Moderate level of knowledge and 11 participants (18.3%) were classified in the Poor category. However, notable gaps existed in understanding Infection and Infection Control Measure and recognizing unhygienic practices as a key contributing factor. Conclusion: This study indicates that nursing students generally demonstrate a Good level of competency in infection control practices. However, certain knowledge gaps remain, particularly in areas such as the reporting of needlestick injuries and adherence to consistent hand hygiene protocols. These shortcomings suggest a need for further emphasis on both theoretical understanding and practical application of infection control measures. Addressing these issues is essential to ensure that students are not only knowledgeable about infection control guidelines but are also capable of implementing them effectively in clinical settings.

Hubungan Perawatan Payudara dengan Kejadian Bendungan ASI PMB Bella Setiani Kab. Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2023

According to WHO (2019) the health status of a woman can be determined from the number of deaths due to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The maternal mortality rate is one of the global targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in reducing maternal mortality. Based on the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2023 in South Sumatra Regency, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding with the percentage of children receiving exclusive breastfeeding from year to year has increased significantly. In 2020 it was 68.06%, in 2021 it was 69.93%, and in 2022 it was 70.46%. Research Method: The type of research used is descriptive analytical research with a cross-sectional research design, namely a method of data collection carried out at the same time. Research Results: Postpartum mothers who experienced breast milk engorgement were 56.3% and only 43.7% did not experience breast milk engorgement. Mothers who do breast care are mostly in the poor category (62.5%) and a few in the good category (37.5%). There is a relationship between Breast Care and the Incident of Breast Milk Dams Conclusion: There is a relationship between Breast Care and the Incident of Breast Milk Dams in Postpartum Mothers

Probabilistic analysis of water quality deterioration and health risks assessment incorporating machine learning techniques in Mhlathuze catchment, South Africa

Amidst declining water quality issues in South African coastal aquifers, a study was proposed and assessed 40 water samples from the Mhlathuze catchment to evaluate water quality, identify pollution sources, and assess health risks. A machine learning and integrated Positive Matrix Factorization–Monte Carlo Simulation approach were used for probabilistic risk assessment. The average water quality index is good, poor, and unsuitable category ranging from 44 to 406, where 65% of the samples fell under poor to unsuitable for drinking mainly situated in central and eastern regions. The dominance of contamination sources was noted as: seawater intrusion > N-fertilizer application > Leaching from coal stockpile > industrial landfill leachate > smelting industry > mining activities. The probabilistic health risk assessment revealed negligible risk toward children and adults. Mining activities (> 70%) and high N-fertilizer applications (>14%) were found to contribute highest toward human health risks. Metals such as lead, cobalt, and nickel from such sources were found to be dominant and require paid special attention by authorities for future mitigation studies and strategies. This study contributes to the scientific community by providing insights into contamination trends in industrialized coastal aquifers, supporting advancements in water treatment methods while benefiting the global community with informed policies to regulate industrial and agricultural discharge.

Analysis of Concept Comprehension and Environmental Literacy Students of Package C on Biodiversity Material in PKBM Kencana Ungu, Leuwidamar District

Biodiversity material has an important role to embed deeper ecological values that not only form scientific comprehension. This study aims to determine the ability of students in concept comprehension and environmental literacy in biodiversity material. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The subjects of this study were package C PKBM Kencana Ungu students with a sample of 15 students. Data collection techniques were carried out through concept comprehension test instruments and environmental literacy test instruments and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that students have a concept comprehension in the high category 13%, medium category 27% and low category 60% then in the environmental literacy of students obtained results in the good category 20%, sufficient category 27% and poor category 53%. It can be concluded that students' concept comprehension and environmental literacy have more scores in the low category.

Empowering Cadres in the Practice of Infant and Child Feeding Improve Nutritional Status of Children

Community-based interventions are necessary to reduce the number of children under five who experience weight faltering, underweight, and wasting in the Mesjid subdistrict of Samarinda City to prevent them from developing stunting. This activity aimed to train health cadres in Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) and provide supplementary food based on local foods to children under five with nutritional problems. The activity was conducted in two stages: the first was IYCF training for cadres with a total of 63 participants, and the second was providing supplementary food to 28 target children. The activities were evaluated using knowledge questionnaires for the cadres and weight measurements after one week of supplementary feeding interventions and IYCF education for the children. The results of the community service showed an increase in cadre knowledge related to IYCF, with the majority previously in the poor category (60.3%) improving to a majority in the adequate category (65.1%) after the training. There was also an increase in the weight of children who received local food-based supplementary feeding, with the average weight increasing from 10.15 kg in the pretest to 10.54 kg in the posttest. This activity proved beneficial in improving the knowledge of cadres and the weight of children, and it is hoped that the subdistrict, health centers, and cadres will commit to being responsible for monitoring and evaluating the sustainability of the activities.

The Quality Of Life of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease who Undergo Hemodialysis in RSUD Cilacap

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the mayor health problems in the worldwide. The incidence of CKD continously increase every year, including in Indonesia. Hemodialysis (HD) is the most widely used process of kidney function replacement in Indonesia, including in RSUD Cilacap. This research aim is to study the quality of life (QoL) of CKD patients undergo hemodialysis in RSUD Cilacap using analytic observational design with cross sectional approach. The sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique. The quality of life of patients was assessed based on WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire consisting of 4 domains i.e., physical, psychological, social relationships, and environment. Other aspects i.e., the CKD causes and therapy adherence were also analyzed. This research employs a descriptive design. The study conducted was univariate to ascertain the distribution of respondent characteristics, which was utilized to evaluate the variance in the quality of life domain among haemodialysis patients. Result showed that hypertension was the main causes of CKD at RSUD Cilacap (59%) beside diabetic mellitus (17%). Before HD, the blood pressure of all patients were in stage 1 hypertension condition with systole: 148.67±29.24 mmHg and dyastole: 80.10±5.47 mmHg. Result of WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire analyses, showed that none of the four domains meet the criteria of good QoL. Generally, based on this data, it can be said that the QoL of CKD patients at RSUD Cilacap were poor categories with score for all domains and a total score (48.96±7.95) below the normal rate. Therapy of hypertension condition of patients before HD with furosemide alone, furosemide+clonidine, and or furosemide+valsartan, could maintain the blood pressure of patients in target value i.e, <140/90 mmHg. Based on those data, it can be concluded that compliance of the patients are important in the improving of QoL of CKD patients who undergo HD in RSUD Cilacap..

Evaluasi Program Pembinaan Latihan Pencak Silat di Sasana Djiwo Ketawang dengan Metode CIPP

Research Problems The coaching process and training programs at Sasana Djiwo Ketawang have been implemented but have not yet reached maximum achievement. Research Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of martial art training program at Sasana Djiwo Ketawang using the CIPP model, including: (1) context evaluation, (2) input evaluation, (3) process evaluation and (4) product evaluation. Methods: The research method used is descriptive quantitative using a questionnaire and descriptive qualitative conducted by interview and observation and documentation as supporting data. Results: The results of this evaluation research show an overall average score of 2.89 in the good category, with a context evaluation score of 3.10 in the good category, an input evaluation score of 2.99 in the good category, a process evaluation score of 3.38 in the very good category and a product evaluation score of 2.09 in the poor category. The context aspect is considered successful, but the input aspect needs improvement, especially in athlete resources with the main obstacle being the lack of government funding in fostering achievement training. The process aspect is quite good, but the implementation of training has not been maximized even though coaching and monitoring evaluation have been running. This causes pencak silat achievements in Sasana Djiwo Ketawang not to be able to compete at the regional and national levels. Conclusion: For the overall results of the evaluation, Sasana Djiwo Ketawang has been running well, however, regular evaluations are still needed to improve coaching performance, try out scheduling for athletes' match flying hours and a more varied and efficient training program on target.

STUNTING AND CHILDREN'S ORAL HEALTH: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ON DENTAL CARIES AND PLAQUE INDEX

Mother’s behavior greatly influences children's dental health. Mothers with good knowledge and attitudes tend to maintain their children's oral hygiene, thus reducing the risk of caries and plaque. Conversely, less attentive behavior can lead to dental caries and plaque buildup, which affects appetite and nutritional intake, ultimately contributing to stunting. The purpose of this study is to examine stunting in relation to mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward the incidence of dental caries and plaque index scores in the sub-districts of Cilincing, Semper Barat, and Penjaringan, North Jakarta, in 2024. This research employed an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 76 stunted children aged 3–5 years, selected through total sampling, as children in this age group were considered more cooperative for research purposes. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis (frequency distribution tables) and bivariate analysis with the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that stunting among children aged 3–5 years in North Jakarta was most prevalent in Semper Barat. Most stunted children also suffered from dental caries and had plaque index scores in the poor to very poor categories. The study further revealed a significant relationship between mothers’ knowledge and attitudes with the incidence of dental caries and plaque index scores among stunted children. Mothers with better knowledge and attitudes were more likely to have children with healthier dental conditions. In contrast, mothers with poor knowledge and attitudes had children at greater risk of caries and plaque. These findings indicate that maternal behavior plays an important role in maintaining children's oral health and can be a supporting factor in stunting prevention efforts.

Analysis of Pedagogical Skills of Prospective PGMI Teachers in Microteaching Courses

Analysis of Prospective Teachers' Pedagogical Capabilities is a competency that teachers must have, especially in science learning. It is important for prospective elementary school teachers to master it, because elementary school is the beginning of students gaining knowledge and skills of scientific processes which are formed through the practice of science competencies. Having good pedagogical skills will have an impact on learning outcomes. The aim of this research is to determine and describe the pedagogical abilities of PGMI semester 6 students. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive research, namely research that aims to understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects, for example behavior, perception, motivation to act. This research obtained results carried out by sixth semester students of PGMI. There are 7 criteria assessed based on the microteaching assessment rubric, namely mastering student characteristics with an average of 3.7 in the good category. master learning theory and educational learning principles with an average of 3.6 good. Curriculum development related to the subjects taught is in the poor category with an average of 2.7. implementation of educational learning on average was 3.03. Facilitate the development of students' potential to actualize the various potentials they have in the insufficient category with an average of 3.4 in the sufficient category. communicate effectively, empathetically and politely with students with an average of 3.1 which is in the sufficient category. carrying out the evaluation is in the good category with an average of 3.6. Based on the research results for each pedagogical criterion, it can be seen that the criteria that still need to be improved are the ability to develop curriculum, educational learning activities, communication.

Penerapan Metode Kaisa Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal dan Menerjemahkan Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur'an

This study aims to determine whether the kaisa approach has a significant effect on the ability of SDN 54 Palembang's grade II pupils to comprehend and analyze Qur'anic passages in Islamic Religious Education classes. The kaisa method assists individuals in learning and understanding the meanings of the Qur'anic verses by employing limb movements that are specific to each verse. Quantitative research with an experimental foundation falls under this heading. Its research methodology was a single group pre-test post-test design. This study included a sample of 28 students from SDN 54 Palembang's class IIB. The data was gathered through observation, documenting, and testing. The data analysis method uses both normality and hypothesis testing. Students' ability to memorize and translate Qur'anic verses was 4 individuals, or 14% of the high category, 17 people, or 61% of the medium category, and 7 people, or 25% of the poor category, with a mean score of 62.14 before the kaisa method was used. Following the application of the kaisa method, five individuals, with a mean score of 85.71, fell into the poor category for the ability to memorize and translate the verses of the Qur'an, while six students, or 21% of the total, fell into the high group and 17 individuals, or 61%, into the medium category. The paired sample t-test findings show that when the Sig value (2-tailed) is 0.000, which means 0.000 <0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. During Islamic Religious Education and Cultivation, class II pupils at SDN 54 Palembang showed that using the kaisa approach improved their ability to memorize and translate Qur'anic passages.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI D3 MANAJEMEN INFORMATIKA DAN KOMPUTERISASI AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS IMELDA MEDAN

Antibiotics are chemical compounds produced by a microorganism (especially produced by fungi) or produced synthetically which can be used to kill or inhibit the development of bacteria and other organisms. The use of antibiotics must be recommended by a doctor if the bacterial infection does not improve, the infection suffered is a contagious infection, and there is a risk of complications from the bacterial infection. Antibiotic resistance is a condition where bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. This occurs because the patient does not understand how to take antibiotics that have been recommended by the doctor. The aim of this research is to determine the level of knowledge of antibiotic use among students of the D3 Informatics Management and Computerized Accounting study program at Imelda University, Medan. The method used is a descriptive method using a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The sample is 50 active students from Informatics Management and Accounting Computerization Study Program. The sampling technique in this research uses the systematic Random Sampling method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by displaying the percentage of knowledge level of 76-100% good knowledge level, 56-75% sufficient knowledge level and 0-56% poor knowledge level. The results of this research show that the description of the level of knowledge of students on the use of antibiotics in students of the third diploma study program in Informatics Management is better than Computerized Accounting, this is proven by the percentage of knowledge level of Informatics Management of 12 respondents (48%) in the sufficient category and the level of knowledge of Computerized Accounting as many as 11 respondents (44%) were in the poor category.

INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF FISHERMEN IN HANDLING DROWNING VICTIMS IN THE COASTAL BEACH AREA

Introduction: Fishermen often face extreme climates and weather that are life-threatening when at sea. The lack of knowledge of fishermen about first aid for drowning victims can increase the death rate due to drowning. This community service activity aimed to increase the knowledge and skills of fishermen in providing first aid to drowning victims. Methods: This community service was carried out on 30 fishermen who live in the Coastal Area of Paciran Village, Lamongan Regency. The method used is through education and training which includes health promotion and training for drowning victims. Education activities are carried out directly to fishermen with the theme of handling drowning victims. The training materials provided to fishermen are basic life support and handling choking victims. The training is carried out through lectures, demonstrations - simulations and discussions. Results: Fishermen's knowledge before the activity was 6 people (20%) in the poor category, 10 people (33.3%) in the sufficient category, and 14 people (46.7%) in the good category. While knowledge after the activity 1 person (3.3%) had poor knowledge, 2 people (6.7%) in the sufficient category, and 27 people (90%) in the good category. The pre-test and post-test results showed an increase in fishermen's knowledge about first aid for drowning victims. Conclusion: Increasing the capacity of fishermen in providing first aid to drowning victims can be done through health education and training. Training activities can be integrated into fishermen's programs or activities so that fishermen's capacity will be more optimal.

Analisis Efektivitas, Efisiensi, Dan Kontribusi Penerimaan Pajak Reklame Terhadap Pad Kota Surakarta Tahun 2017 – 2021 (Studi Kasus Pada Badan Pendapatan Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Aset Kota Surakarta)

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effectiveness level, efficiency level, and contribution level of billboard tax revenue to Surakarta City's local revenue (PAD) in 2017-2021. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The analysis method used is quantitative descriptive analysis, namely, data analysis techniques that use numbers to draw conclusions from measurable events, in this case by comparing the calculation results of the research. Data collection techniques are literature study techniques and field research with the research subject of the Surakarta City Financial and Asset Management Revenue Agency (BPPKAD). The results showed that, the effectiveness level of billboard tax revenue in the category is very effective with an average of 107%. The efficiency level of billboard tax revenue is in the very efficient category with an average of 4.73%. The contribution rate of billboard tax revenue is in the very poor category with an average of 2.15%. The obstacles faced in collecting billboard tax are, namely, lack of taxpayer obedience, many illegal billboards, lack of human resources in tax collection, less than optimal collection of billboard tax receivables. The solutions carried out by the government in dealing with obstacles are, adding tax collection human resources from third parties, direct socialization to taxpayers, giving strict sanctions, and giving prizes to obedient taxpayers.

Lesson learned from vocational training center as a school-to-work transition program in Indonesia

<span>The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the refrigeration technology training program at the vocational training centers (VTCs) by employing the context, input, process, product, and outcome evaluation approach. This study is classified as evaluative research, employing a qualitative description approach. Data collecting employs several approaches such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary informants in this study included the head of the VTC, the organizer of the VTC, the instructor of the refrigeration technology training, and the participants of the refrigeration technology training. Triangulation methods are employed to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the data. The findings indicate that the setting, process, and product elements can be categorized as satisfactory, while the input and outcome aspects remain in the poor category. <span>To increase employment and reduce unemployment, this split air conditioning training can be expanded by strengthening program components in the input aspect, particularly facilities, and infrastructure, as well as in the output aspect.</span></span>

Penilaian Kualitas Udara dan Polusi Menggunakan Algoritma Support Vector Machine

Good air quality is essential for healthy and sustainable living, but increasing air pollution caused by industrialization, urbanization, and motor vehicles has become a serious global issue. Air pollution negatively affects health, the environment, and the quality of life, making air quality monitoring and assessment a priority. The complexity of air quality data renders conventional analytical approaches less effective; therefore, machine learning methods such as Random Forest and Neural Networks have been applied to address these challenges. However, these methods have limitations in handling non-linear patterns or computational efficiency. This study employs the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm with various kernels to classify air quality based on pollution and environmental parameters into categories of Good, Moderate, Poor, and Hazardous. The results indicate that the Polynomial Kernel performs best for the Good category, while the RBF Kernel is also competitive but less optimal for the Hazardous and Poor categories. With parameter optimization using GridSearchCV, the combination of C=10 and Gamma=0.1 or scale achieved an average accuracy of 90.75%. CO concentration and proximity to industrial areas proved to be significant features in classification. This study aims to support air pollution management and mitigate its impacts on society.

Evaluation of Denture care and Denture hygiene habits of patients using removable partial denture seen in a Tertiary dental centre, Ikeja, Lagos State Nigeria

Introduction: Tooth loss demands the use of removable partial denture(RPD) to improve aesthetics, functional and psychological problems. The denture must be well designed and fabricated to benefit patients for a long time. The study aims to evaluate the relationship of denture care, denture hygiene habits and practices among denture wearers. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional survey carried out in the Prosthodontic department of a tertiary hospital. Sample population selection involved the use of convenience sampling method. Self-administered questionnaire was used for the participants. The denture hygiene was assessed by ranking using good, fair and poor categories. The data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The level of significance was set at <0.05. Result: The denture cleanliness was good in 58(60.4%) of the participants and moderate in 38(39.6%). Most of the participants 80(83.3%) were given instructions on the cleanliness of their denture. The frequency of cleaning the denture was once daily in 69(71.9%), and twice daily in 20(20.8%) of the participants. The method of cleaning their dentures varied from toothbrush and paste 54(56.2%), toothbrush and mild soap 28(29.2%), and denture cleaning tablets 8(8.3%), Conclusion: In this study, none of the participants had poor prosthesis cleanliness. Most individuals used a toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their device, although combining mechanical and chemical cleaning is typically reported to be the optimal method. Patients’ education and motivation are crucial for successful denture maintenance. It is very important to provide enough information and give instructions on the maintenance and storage of their dentures.

Chewing water apple (syzygium aqueum) as an effort to reduce plaque index

Background: Teeth are important organs that need to be kept clean. Maintaining oral hygiene will reduce a person's risk of developing diseases related to the mouth. Dental plaque is a collection of microorganisms on the surface of the teeth in the form of biofilms that can affect the oral cavity system. How to remove plaque naturally with fresh and fibrous fruits can be a self-cleaning or natural cleaner for the layer that sticks to the surface of the teeth, because it can indirectly rub the surface of the teeth. Guava is one of the fruits that contains water and fiber. Objective: This study aims to analyze the plaque index before and after chewing water apple. Method: The research design used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest with one group design. The data collection technique was purposive sampling, as many as 35 respondents. The instrument used in this study was a plaque index with the Patient Hygiene Performance Index and data analysis using a paired sample test. Results: The results of this study showed that before chewing water apple, 25 respondents (71.43%) were in the poor category and after chewing water guava, 34 respondents (97.14%) were obtained. The difference in plaque index score before chewing water apple was 2.1 while after chewing water apple was 1.1, with p=0.02. Conclusion: There was a decrease in plaque index before and after chewing water apple as evidenced by p<0.05

Risk Assessment of Aging G+3 Residential Buildings

The structural deterioration of ageing buildings in India presents significant safety hazards, necessitating systematic assessment and intervention measures. This study examines the efficacy of structural audits in evaluating and enhancing the stability of older buildings. The audit methodology encompasses comprehensive visual inspections and advanced non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, including Rebound hammer tests, Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, Carbonation tests, and Half-cell potential tests, to assess structural integrity. The overall health of Buildings based on visual inspection concludes that in the context of Mumbai's Building and Construction Authority (BMC) classification of dilapidated buildings, Raj Laxman A1-B1 & A2-B2 Society falls under the C2B category (requires structural repairs but does not necessitate immediate evacuation of residents) On performing Rebound Hammer Test, it is found that Building A1-B1,17% of total Structural Elements Tested are comes under the fair condition while 83% of them are falls under poor Category and Building A2-B2,8% of total Structural Elements Tested are comes under the fair condition while 92% of them are falls under poor Category of Condition. On performing the UPV Test, it was found that all the tested elements fall under the medium category. Conducted Carbonation test results show that both Buildings A1-B1 and A2-B2 have no carbonation or a negligible depth of carbonation in the concrete. The probability of corrosion in the reinforcement of both Buildings A1-B1 and A2-B2 was approximately 70% as corrosion activity fell between 200mV & 350mV. Audit and Stability reports of both Buildings A1-B1 and A2-B2 prepared on the Visual inspections and NDT findings. Following the repair of the building, on performing Rebound Hammer Test it is found that Building A1-B1,50% of total Structural Elements Tested are comes under the good condition while 50% of them are falls under fair Category and Building A2-B2,60% of total Structural Elements Tested are comes under the good condition while 40% of them are falls under fair Category of Condition. The condition of the building was enhanced after taking up repair work, as suggested.