Poor Motivation Research Articles

Job motivation and associated factors among healthcare professionals serving in primary hospitals in the Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed-methods approach.

Low performance in health facilities is associated mostly with poor healthcare worker motivation in the workplace, and this burden is dominant in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess job motivation and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Central Gondar Zone primary hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. An institutionally based cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was conducted at Central Gondar Administrative Zone primary hospitals in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. A total of 396 healthcare professionals with more than six months of experience at primary hospitals in the Central Gondar Zone participated. Multiple logistic regression was fitted, and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs was used to measure the strength of associations and variables with a p-value of <0.05 were considered significantly associated with the outcome. Thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative part. A total of 41.81% of healthcare professionals with a 95% Cl [36.9, 46.6] had good job motivation. A degree of educational level (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.178, 2.874]), being satisfied with training opportunities (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.201, 3.083]), and having a written job description (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI [1.497, 4.460]) were significantly associated with job motivations. Healthcare professionals' job motivation status was relatively low. In addition, having a degree in educational level, being satisfied with training opportunities, and having a written job description were significant positive predictors of good job motivation. Additionally, the thematic analysis of qualitative data identified both short- and long-term training opportunities and the lack of clear, updated job descriptions, both of which significantly impacted job motivation.

The adaptability and resilience of Indonesian EFL teachers during emergency online education

The COVID-19 pandemic has radically transformed the teaching and learning process from in-class instruction to remote learning. This changing situation leads to barriers for EFL teachers in executing their teaching plans. Therefore, they should be able to deal with such challenges for instructional continuity. This study aimed to investigate the challenges that EFL teachers face, examine their adaptability to the conditions, and explore their strategies in implementing online education. Seven junior high school EFL teachers were purposefully recruited from public and private schools in a town in southwestern Central Java, Indonesia, to participate in this study. The data were elicited through interviews and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis techniques. The study revealed that the challenges encountered by the EFL teachers were mainly internet connectivity issues, low classroom participation among students, poor motivation in task completion, unsupported devices, and limited infrastructure support. In response to these challenges, the EFL teachers modified their lesson plans, improved their competencies, and adapted the material. Furthermore, in dealing with the challenges, the teachers made special efforts: selecting a simple online learning platform, monitoring students’ learning processes, contextualizing the material to daily life, providing intensive feedback, and collaborating with students’ parents. Recommendations for classroom practices, policymakers, and future research directly related to the findings of the current study are provided.

The FIT FIRST 10 dose-response study: evaluation of implementation outcomes.

Increasing physical activity (PA) levels among children is critical to mitigate health risks associated with physical inactivity. Schools have been highlighted as ideal setting for promoting PA. However, existing school-based PA programs often face implementation challenges. The FIT FIRST 10 (FF10) multi-sport program has been introduced in Denmark, aiming to increase PA and to enhance children's health, fitness, and well-being. This study evaluates the implementation of the FF10 program for 2nd and 3rd graders. The FF10 program was implemented in a 20-week cluster randomized controlled trial across 27 schools. Schools were assigned to a control arm or intervention arms receiving either 3 (full dose) or 1.5 (half dose) FF10 40-min lessons weekly. Teachers received a one-day training session, comprehensive manuals, and necessary equipment. Data were collected from teachers via logbooks documenting implementation fidelity, and an online questionnaire assessing program acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility, and teachers' capability, opportunity, and motivation for implementing the FF10 program. A total of 18 intervention schools with 36 classes participated in this study. Program fidelity was high in both intervention groups (2.8 and 2.0 session/week for full and half-dose, respectively). Confidence intervals indicated no differences between the two intervention groups for any outcomes. Teachers (n = 32) in both groups rated FF10 moderately acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (3.5-4.0 out of a potential maximum of 5). Both groups exhibited moderate physical and psychological capabilities (3.5-4.0) and high social opportunities (>4.0), but poor motivation scores (<3.5), particularly regarding the perceived benefits and automatization in delivering the FF10 program. The FF10 program was almost delivered as intended, but time constraints, limited facilities, and modest teacher motivation might have hindered implementation. Reducing the program's dosage did not improve implementation outcomes, emphasizing the need for ongoing support to boost teacher motivation and integration of the program into school timetables.

Penyuluhan Manajemen Stres pada Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Mariana Banyuasin

Stres academic impact negative on performance academic , welfare physical and psychological students ( Marfuah , 2021). Symptoms frequent stress​ experienced by students including loss​ energy , pressure blood increased , atmosphere heart stressed , troubled concentration , impatience and nervousness . Students who experience stress tend own poor motivation , lack of productive , less feel safe at school , and more prone to to crime social , such as abuse drugs and violence . Therefore that , is needed a skills For increase ability students​​ in overcome stress academics faced . Previously​ has done Study Regarding the picture of stress in students at school this , and obtained results that more from half students who experience stress , namely as many as 45 people (56.25%). Activities This community service Already held on January 23 , 2025 at Madrasah Aliyah "B' in Mariana district Banyuasin with amount student as many as 80 people in all become target Community service . Students collected in One room namely in the school hall . Activity methods devotion the community used is lecture interactive , discussion ask answer , leaflet distribution and demonstration . The purpose of Devotion public This that is For increase knowledge students and share method stress management . So that activity This beneficial as effort reduce the occurrence stress .

Evaluation of the Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) management component under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) in Kerala, India, 2021-22.

We evaluated the DR-TB component of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) in a high-burden district in Kerala to identify the programmatic gaps, if any, in screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of notified DR-TB patients. A mixed-methods design was used, and the evaluation was performed in two steps. In the first step, we reviewed the program documents and conducted stakeholder interviews to develop a detailed description of the program design and developed a logical framework to evaluate program performance. Consequently, in the next step, we conducted programmatic data reviews, facility surveys, and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders to identify the programmatic gaps in implementation, guided by the logic framework. Of the 494 microbiologically confirmed TB patients during 2021-22, 342 (69%) were tested for drug sensitivity, and 30 DR-TB patients were identified. There was no separate district DR-TB treatment center with airborne infection control facilities, and only 16% (66/422) of the various categories of staff were trained in recent guidelines. Only 30% (9/30) of DR-TB patients were provided with any psychological assessment. The favorable treatment outcome was 80% Interviews revealed poor readiness and motivation from the private sector for screening, contextual barriers in human resource availability, transportation, and financial barriers to the beneficiary despite providing financial benefits. Prioritizing the establishment of a district DR-TB treatment center and sputum transport mechanism, posting a clinical psychologist dedicated to counseling patients on therapy, and training all categories of staff on DR-TB management guidelines will significantly contribute to improving program outcomes.

A Comparative Analysis of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Enhancing Weight Management and Physical Activity in Obese Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It contributes to enhance the mortality and morbidity. Lifestyle interventions are basic, psychological barriers like poor motivation and emotional eating and stress often affect sustained change in behavior. Methodology: This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The study involved 30 participants (15 in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and 15 in MBCT). The trial recruited adults aged 30-60 with diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD), Body Mass Index &gt;30kg/m2 and a willingness to attend 1 weekly therapy sessions. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences within and between groups. Results: Among the participants, 66.7% are married and 33.3% are single, indicating a heterogenous marital composition. In terms of education. At the follow-up, the MBCT group had somewhat higher reductions (30.7±1.8) than the CBT group (31.5±1.9), indicating a possible advantage for mindfulness-based treatments in sustaining weight loss. The MBCT group showed somewhat larger improvement (3.1 ± 0.7) than the group receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (2.8 ± 0.6). At follow-up, the group receiving MBCT maintained higher activity levels (3.4 ± 0.7) compared to the CBT group (3.0 ± 0.8). Conclusion: Both CBT and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly lowered the body mass index with time, with MBCT demonstrating slightly higher reduction at follow-up indicating a possible advantage in maintaining loss of weight. Mindfulness cognitive therapy showed a crucial advantage in promoting higher longer term activity levels compared to cognitive behavioral therapy.

Knowledge Management Initiative Framework for Higher Education Institutions: Nepalese Experiences

The purpose of this research is to develop a knowledge management (KM) initiative framework for Nepalese higher educational institutions (HEIs). It takes into account both a descriptive and analytical approach. This study is based on a questionnaire survey of 105 Nepalese authorities and academicians from 21 HEIs. The findings indicate that the core functions of KM initiatives are the teaching-learning atmosphere, research works and projects, the use of modern technology, and the use of knowledge-based systems. Inappropriate institutional culture, lack of knowledge sharing practice, lack of use of contemporary technology, reuse of old knowledge, traditional technique of KM, reluctant to change an existing habit, lack of institutional efforts to create knowledge, poor motivation and enhancement practice for creating and utilizing knowledge, insufficient capture of process and legacy knowledge, and lack of funding for classroom preparation, library management, laboratories, and information technology are key the challenges. Knowledge flow and transfer, resource persons, and their expertise, consideration of the knowledge needed by stakeholders, making the understanding visible, the institutionalization of KM-related policy, and investment in infrastructure development are the fundamentals for implementing KM initiatives in HEIs of Nepal.

Navigating recovery in childhood OCD: a qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators

ObjectiveThe objective is to examine barriers and facilitators to recovery in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using a qualitative approach.MethodsTen semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings were validated through investigator triangulation, peer validation and member check.ResultsBarriers to recovery were internal—lack of awareness; poor motivation to seek treatment; and perceived stigma, or external—poor parental support; parental anxiety; inadequate awareness in schools; social misconceptions about illness; myths about medication; and frustrations in treatment processes. Facilitators were internal—will and determination; self-discipline; keeping calm; sense of purpose, and external—general awareness; parental support; peer support; and good therapeutic engagement.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore barriers and facilitators to recovery in-depth in pediatric OCD. Findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions, robust support networks, and cultural sensitivity for successful recovery outcomes.

Examining Factors Influencing the Use of Health Management Information Systems Data for Health Facility Planning in Kigoma Ujiji Municipal and Kigoma District Councils, Tanzania

Background: Tanzania has adopted an open-source Health Management Information System (HMIS) to help understand health patterns, make informed decisions, and take action to improve the quality of health services through effective planning. However, generating and utilizing health data in most facilities presents significant challenges. This study examined factors influencing the use of HMIS data for health facility planning in Kigoma Ujiji Municipal and Kigoma District Councils. Methods: This cross-sectional explanatory study was conducted using a qualitative approach in two districts of the Kigoma region—Kigoma and Ujiji district councils. Participants included members of the Council Health Management Teams and staff from six healthcare facilities. The study employed the PRISM framework to explore how technical, organizational, and behavioral factors influence the use of data in health facility planning. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, was applied to manage and analyze the data. Results: A total of 32 participants were involved in this study. Most reported that health facilities had standard indicators, data collection forms, and established data analysis and reporting procedures, with clear HMIS roles and responsibilities. However, challenges such as poor data quality, insufficient IT resources, inadequate staff training, limited financial support, and unsupportive organizational culture were reported to affect the effective use of data in planning. Conclusions: Poor data quality, inadequate training, inadequate HMIS staff, and poor information culture, motivation, attitudes, and values limited data use. This study calls for health system interventions to address staffing, training, information culture, data quality, and individual attitudes and behaviors to improve the use of data in health facility planning and decision-making.

Evaluation of the adherence of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases to a PRO telemonitoring using connected devices: a prospective monocentric study.

Monitoring the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients is now frequently made in the form of patient reported outcomes (PRO), rather than historical clinical activity scores. Unlike several chronic diseases, the role of telemonitoring in IBD has not yet been defined, particularly in terms of patient compliance with remote monitoring; the aim of our study was to assess patient compliance with digital monitoring of PRO as part of routine medical follow-up. we performed a monocentric prospective study in the Gastroenterology Unit of Liège's University Hospital between May 2023 and February 2024. Adherence was considered optimal if 50% of the recordings planned for the duration of the follow-up were carried out. 31% of the patients included achieved at least 50% total encoding of their PRO over the 9 months of follow-up. The main cause of failure cited by patients was technical difficulties, well ahead of poor motivation. The overall satisfaction of practitioners and patients was generally good. Male gender was the only factor associated with adherence. Overall adherence to PRO telemonitoring in IBD was around 40% and was mainly impaired by technical difficulties. Despite this, both patients and healthcare professionals found this type of monitoring relevant.

Demographic Factors Influencing Lecturers’ Protean Career Orientation in North-Central Universities, Nigeria

The elements of a basic protean career orientation are basic elements of human needs for growth and meaningful occupational productivity. However, a significant percentage of lecturers in Nigerian universities find it difficult in practicing their value driven-career attitude and self-directed behavior. Thus, this descriptive study sought to assess the demographic factors that influence lecturers’ dimensions of protean career orientation: value driven-career attitude and self-directed behavior in North-central Universities, Nigeria. Four hundred lecturers were purposely selected from Kogi State University, Anyigba, Benue State University Makurdi and Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria as respondents using self-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found age and gender (70.2%) as influencing lecturers' value-driven career attitude while educational level and gender influences their self-directed attitude. The study discovered further that job and career satisfaction, organizational commitment, task performance, self-management behavior and career productivity were the influence protean career orientation had on lecturers work outcome in North-central universities, Nigeria (97.2%). However, 70.2% of lecturers in the study settings could not practice their protean career orientation effectively. Poor motivation, lack of adequate infrastructural facilities, teaching of large classes, poor staff development and strike actions were the barriers identified (68.4%). The study recommends among others that the Nigerian universities should provide organizational support that actively engages employees in the management of their own career as well as formal training and education on value-driven and self-directed attitudes so as to encourage positive values among lecturers.

BUILDING YOUNG LEARNERS’ CONFIDENCE IN SPEAKING ENGLISH

Many EFL/ESL teachers in Cambodia still find it challenging to teach English as a foreign language (EFL) or English as a second language (ESL), particularly when working with younger children. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential and problems associated with training young students to speak English confidently. The study will use a qualitative approach to interview instructors and students about their challenges, primary reasons, and existing methods for helping students practice speaking English. The most important elements affecting early learners’ development are vocabulary and grammar, according to a research conducted with 177 students in levels 1 through 6 and 27 teachers. Motivation, pronunciation, level of difficulty, style of instruction, and fear of making mistakes come next. Teachers nowadays face a wide range of challenges, including shy students, limited L1 competence, mixed-ability classrooms, and poor motivation. Despite these challenges, children enjoy speaking English in their free time. Examples of contemporary teaching strategies include student-active learning, games, conversation, and cooperative learning. Teachers usually provide a comfortable learning environment, encourage conversation among students, and provide clear instructions. However, cooperative learning is not widely used. Students say that using bilingual dictionaries, speaking in class, and answering questions after reading are all great methods to learn. Teachers must reduce students’ anxiety and inspire them more.

Motivational profiles in instrumental music learning: Perspectives on self-determination theory

This study examined the motivation of child and adolescent music students to learn instruments in five Austrian music schools using a person-centered approach. Drawing on self-determination theory, two autonomous and controlled forms of motivational regulation were surveyed. The results of a cluster analysis ( N = 616) were used to construct four motivational profiles: one autonomously motivated type (high quality), one overall highly motivated type (high quantity), one moderately autonomously motivated type (low quality), and one type with poor quantity motivation. The clusters showed differences in the support required to meet music students’ basic psychological needs in music lessons, which are essential determinants in the development of autonomous motivation, in the individual activity preferences associated with playing an instrument, and in the tendency to stop playing an instrument. No differences were found between the instrument groups and gender. This study provides theoretical and practical implications of a person-centered approach to music-related motivation research.

Predictors of Acceptance and Barriers to the Uptake of Mass Drug Administration Program for Eliminating Trachoma in Taura District, Jigawa State Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study

Aim: To identify predictors and barriers to antibiotics acceptance during mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma in Taura Local Government Area of Jigawa state Nigeria, which is one of the trachoma-endemic districts with repeated reports of low coverage rates. Methods: A mixed-method cross-sectional survey was carried out. A survey questionnaire on attitude, belief, and practice associated with the acceptance of MDA for trachoma was administered to a cross- section of 1502 persons from 202 randomly selected households of 30 clusters. In addition, four key informant interviews (KII) and three Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted to explore barriers to the acceptance of antibiotics during mass treatment. Quantitative data were analyzed using STATA version 14.0, while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic framework. Results: Predictors of antibiotics acceptance were older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.84], higher educational qualification (AOR = 2.64), perception of being at risk of disease, perception of additional benefits of the drug, and household participation in the previous MDA. Major reasons for non-acceptance were previous personal experience of side effects (32%), fear of side effects (23%), and participants’ belief that they were not suffering from any illness (16%). Major barriers were low felt need, effect of rumor, fears of side effects, and unsuitable timing of distribution. Provider-related barriers were poor motivation of community drug distributors (CDDs) and lack of pre-distribution awareness campaigns. Conclusion: If MDA programs are to succeed, consideration must be made for a pre-distribution community awareness campaign, on-the-spot consumption strategy, appropriate timing, and motivation of CDDs.

A qualitative study to understand the barriers and enablers of access to diabetic screening services in Nigeria.

Nigeria in working to redefine its health care system's approach to diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening services needs to reduce obstacles and highlight the enablers to services provision. Due to the increased prevalence of diabetes, this has become increasingly necessary. A qualitative study examining the perceptions, practices, and experiences of Nigerian DR healthcare practitioners (HCPs) in relation to the facilitators and barriers of access to DR screening services. Mode of participant recruitment was on-line through e-mails by using snowballing method. In-depth interviews were used to acquire information from 6 DR HCPs (all ophthalmologists) at three eye centers in the three geo-political areas of Nigeria and at international center for eye health (ICEH) in London via on-line Microsoft teams. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis and all the steps applied to the data analysis process. Non-systematic screening, poverty, poor transport systems, insecurity, and poor motivation are key barriers to DR screening access in Nigeria while enablers include government participation through subsidized costs and remuneration of workers. Screening in communities, and using low-cost techniques are key to enable access. Other enablers include collaboration and integration between endocrinology and ocular units in terms of referrals, information sharing, use of intermediary carers, technology, man-power and health resource provision including low- cost services. A dearth of personnel, screening technologies, and resources, have an impact on the effectiveness of the DR screening services in Nigeria as well as social and individual factors, such as the cost of the services and national insecurity.

Movies as Tools for Enhancing ESL Learning: Insights into Students’ Emotions and Experiences

Numerous studies have reported that ESL students often struggle with poor motivation, low self-confidence, and high levels of anxiety. Watching movies has a strong potential to ignite these students’ interest in learning English, thereby enhancing their language learning journey. However, integrating movies into language learning is only effective if it positively impacts students’ anxiety, motivation and self-confidence. This study explores university students’ emotional factors along with their experiences to determine whether movies enhance their language learning. An online questionnaire via Google Forms was distributed to 76 participants, including 43 students from the LG241 program (Malay Language for Professional Communication) and 33 from the LG242 program (Arabic Language for Professional Communication) at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. Data were extracted and analysed using SPPS version 29 via descriptive statistics. Results showed that movies created a calm and non-intimidating learning atmosphere, fostering increased self-motivation and self-esteem while reducing anxiety. Students also reported improved language skills, as movies provided real-life examples of English usage and immersive learning environments. This study demonstrates that integrating movies into English lessons can improve students’ emotions and experiences, making language learning more effective. Collecting ESL students’ feedback on using movies for language learning helps educators identify areas for improvement. By incorporating students’ perspectives, educators can develop more effective teaching methods, ultimately enhancing the learning experience through unconventional means.

THE IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE LEADERSHIP PROTOCOL AND COMMUNICATION (PROKOPIM) SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OF BANYUWANGI REGENCY

This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation and impact of leadership styles in improving the performance of employees in the Protocol and Communication Section of the Regional Secretariat of Banyuwangi Regency. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach where data will be analyzed descriptively originating from interviews, notes and the author's observations. The sampling technique in this research used a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that the implementation of leadership styles can improve employee performance. This is proven by the application of a democratic leadership style in accordance with employee characteristics, the division head can receive suggestions and input from superiors and subordinates well, apart from this, the Prokopim division head is good at handling problems by minimizing the negative impact on employees. The impact of leadership style can improve employee performance. This is proven by the fulfillment of employee rights, including the right to leave, the right to incentives, career advancement, additional income, rewards for employees with good performance, punishment for employees with poor performance, motivation and example as driving factors for improving employee performance from the previous year. Keywords: Leadership Style, Leadership Protocol and Communication and Employee Performance

Community Involvement in Onchocerciasis Post-elimination Surveillance in Bududa District, Eastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

Globally, there are an estimated 20.9 million cases of onchocerciasis, with Africa bearing the greatest burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted the disease for elimination by 2030. As of August 2023, there were 15 foci in 37/48 (76%) districts and one city in Uganda that had reached the elimination phase. However, there is a paucity of data on community involvement in post-elimination surveillance (PES) activities. The communities in the post-elimination phase are expected to maintain surveillance, provide health education, refer cases for treatment, and participate in surveillance. However, it is not clear whether this is being done. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of community involvement in post-elimination surveillance activities in Bududa District, Eastern Uganda, to draw key generalisable lessons for similar settings. This was a cross-sectional study employing rigorous mixed methods of data collection. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data on randomly sampled study participants in two sub-countries in the district. Community involvement in post-elimination surveillance (PES) was our dependent variable, measured using Yes or No questions, and our independent variables were measured on different scales. Computations of proportions and associations were done using Stata 15 software. Conversely, qualitative data were collected via focus group discussions (FGDs) for community participants and key informant interviews (KIIs) for local leaders. For the qualitative component, we had 2 FGDs, each consisting of 8 gender-balanced participants per group and 8 KIIs. Qualitative data analyses were done using a robust thematic framework approach, ensuring the reliability and validity of our findings. A total of 422 participants with a mean age of 51.4 years (SD = 15.8) participated in the study. Community involvement in post-elimination surveillance was low (14%). Factors associated with involvements were district support [Adjusted odd ratio AOR 14, 95 CI = (2.5, 81.7)], seeing black flies in the environment in a week preceding the survey [AOR 8, 95% CI = (1.5, 42.5)], in one month [AOR 3.8, 95% CI = (1.1, 13.2)], and being a community volunteer in the Ivermectin treatment program [AOR 4.3, 95% CI = (1.03, 17.9)]. Lack of funding, poor motivation, poor program sustainability planning, and a lack of drugs at health facilities were key challenges affecting community involvement in post-elimination surveillance. Community involvement in onchocerciasis post-elimination surveillance activities in Bududa District in Eastern Uganda was low but could be improved by increased district support, funding, community motivation and sensitisation.

Development of an evidence-based hepatitis C education program to enhance public health literacy in the Australian prison sector: The Hepatitis in Prisons Education program (HepPEd)

Development of an evidence-based hepatitis C education program to enhance public health literacy in the Australian prison sector: The Hepatitis in Prisons Education program (HepPEd)

Untangling the Tongues: Exploring Pronunciation Development Strategies for Learners of English at High Schools in Oromia Region of Ethiopia

One of the most important aspects of learning a new language is mastering the pronunciation of that language. It is crucial in helping second language learners improve their communication skills and overall performance. Mastering proper pronunciation is a difficult and subtle part of teaching English as a foreign or second language. The focus of this study is to assess the contributing factors affecting ESL students' pronunciation. The study used a quantitative research approach. A total of 189 students from Burayu High School were chosen at random sampling technique for this study. The researchers collected data through a questionnaire. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data obtained from the respondents of the survey. Factors influencing pronunciation that were identified in this study include poor motivation, lack of confidence, exposure, practice, interest, an unfriendly atmosphere, one's native language interference, age, personal traits of the learners, instructional approach, and feedback deficiency. The findings also provide valuable insights into preferred pronunciation learning strategies among students of English in the Oromia region of Ethiopia and explore the impact of individual and environmental factors, including first language influence, strengths, and weaknesses of current teaching methodologies in fostering pronunciation development in this specific context. This study will contribute to the development of more effective and learner-centered pedagogical approaches for pronunciation instructions in English language programs designed for English learners in the Oromia region of Ethiopia.