Poor Environmental Conditions Research Articles

Spatial Owner-Dog Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Antibodies in Oceanic Islands and Costal Mainland of Southern Brazil.

Leptospirosis has been described as a disease neglected worldwide. Affecting humans and animals, the disease is often related to poor environmental conditions such as lack of sanitation and presence of synanthropic rodents. Despite being considered as a One Health issue, no study has focused on comparing owner-dog seroprevalence between islands and seashore mainland. Accordingly, the present study assessed anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies by applying microscopic agglutination test (MAT) methods to Leptospira and assessing associated risk factors via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of owners and their dogs in islands and seashore mainland of southern Brazil. No anti-Leptospira spp. Seropositivity was found in 330 owner serum samples, while dogs presented an overall seroprevalence of 5.9%. All seropositive dogs reacted to serogroups of Leptospira interrogans, including 66.7% of Pyrogenes, 44.4% Canicola, 22.2% Icterohaemorrhagiae, 16.7% Australis; six reacted to more than one serogroup. No association was found among seropositivity and epidemiological variables, except that neighborhood dogs were less likely to be seropositive. Although no seropositivity was observed in owners, seropositivity in dogs had the potential to indicate such species as being sentinels for environmental exposure and potential human risk of infection.

Stability analysis of maize hybrids under different agro-ecological zones of Odisha, India

Thirty maize hybrids were evaluated for stability of yield performance across six locations of Odisha using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among genotypes, environments, G x E interactions, IPCA I, IPCA II and IPCA III scores. Among the high yielding genotypes, ZH17210, ZH159, ZH17223, P3502 and ZH161418 recorded low interaction, 28(ZH159) and 2(ZH161418) exhibited positive interactions (both IPCA 1 and IPCA II had same sign) and 6(ZH17223) revealed negative interaction. Koraput location(E6) was found to be most favorable environment while Banjanagar (E2) indicated as a poor environmental condition for grain yield. Bhubaneswar location with IPCA I and IPCA II scores close to zero seems to have minimum environmental interaction for grain yield. Among the hybrids; ZH17229), VH151139 and ZH161418 showed higher grain yield and minimum interaction (IPCA I) and hence, may be considered most stable. In contrast, the highest yielding hybrid ZH17210 demonstrated differential yield performance over environment and appreciably higher magnitude of G x E interaction (IPCA I) indicating adaptation to specific environment. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(1): 1-8, 2023 (March)

Investigation of traffic accident-prone roads in Palu City

This study was conducted to investigate accident-prone roads in Palu City. The method used is direct observation on the road which shows the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents based on traffic accident data obtained from the Municipal Police Offices (Polres). Based on the results of the study showed that 19 roads often occur traffic accidents. R.E Martadinata Sub Districts Tondo (25.07%), Trans Sulawesi Sub Districts Taipa (11.21%), and Trans Sulawesi Sub Districts Mamboro (7.08%) are the most accident-prone roads in Palu City. These three roads are included in the national road network as the primary arterial roads of Palu City. The final result of this study shows that accident-prone roads can be caused by poor pavement road conditions, high side frictions, and poor environmental conditions and visibility.

Liquefied Natural Gas Logistics Management Through Optimal Road-Rail Intermodal Logistics Planning Considering Community Safety

The demand for natural gas (NG) in Thailand has been continuously increasing, but part of NG volume has not been distributed to customers locating far from the pipeline network. Therefore, NG is transported by trucks in liquid form called liquefied natural gas (LNG) to meet the demand. However, road transportation by truck causes many problems such as high transportation cost, low capacity, poor environmental conditions, and low safety. To solve these problems, the road-rail intermodal transportation is an option to distribute a large volume of LNG in long-haul transportation more efficiently. This research proposes an optimal planning for LNG logistics management in a case study where the problem is modeled as a mixed-integer nonlinear program to minimize the total logistics cost. The optimal solution includes the LNG distribution center locations, transportation mode(s), train loading service type, and truck type. Community safety using the LNG damage radius criterion is considered in the model as a constraint. The solutions resulting from three planning scenarios are compared and discussed.

The multi-scalar relationship between children’s self-determination and environmental justice in the United States

ABSTRACT Self-determination aims to provide everyone the opportunity to sketch their life trajectories. Seemingly aspirational, paths are continuously influenced throughout childhood by both favourable and unfavourable factors. Natural environmental exposures have considerable impacts on development that give rise to transgenerational and community-wide consequences by influencing physical, emotional, and cognitive growth. Each interference can affect academic performance, the ability to reach one’s full potential, and ultimately generational social mobility. The ongoing relationship between early development and hindered self-determination is particularly concerning for non-white and low-income communities in the United States, where children experience disproportionately poor environmental conditions. This paper discusses the multi-scalar effects that stem from such exposures to propose environmental justice efforts as the path toward protecting self-determination. Through reviewing human rights, environmental racism, and capability considerations, the paper illustrates how decades of research have cumulated to create a progression toward equity.

Understanding and controlling asthma in Latin America: A review of recent research informed by the SCAALA programme.

Asthma is an important health concern in Latin America (LA) where it is associated with variable prevalence and disease burden between countries. High prevalence and morbidity have been observed in some regions, particularly marginalized urban populations. Research over the past 10years from LA has shown that childhood disease is primarily non-atopic. The attenuation of atopy may be explained by enhanced immune regulation induced by intense exposures to environmental factors such as childhood infections and poor environmental conditions of the urban poor. Non-atopic symptoms are associated with environmental and lifestyle factors including poor living conditions, respiratory infections, psychosocial stress, obesity, and a diet of highly processed foods. Ancestry (particularly African) and genetic factors increase asthma risk, and some of these factors may be specific to LA settings. Asthma in LA tends to be poorly controlled and depends on access to health care and medications. There is a need to improve management and access to medication through primary health care. Future research should consider the heterogeneity of asthma to identify relevant endotypes and underlying causes. The outcome of such research will need to focus on implementable strategies relevant to populations living in resource-poor settings where the disease burden is greatest.

Kejadian penyakit kulit di Desa Asir-Asir Asia Kecamatan Lut Tawar Kota Takengon Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

Skin diseases can be caused by several factors, namely living habits and the environment. Skin diseases can develop in personal hygiene and poor environmental hygiene conditions. The diversity of types of skin diseases and the factors that cause skin diseases requires a deeper study of every skin disease phenomenon that occurs in the community. This study aims to determine the factors that cause skin diseases in Asir-Asir Asia Village, Lut Tawar District, Takengon City, Central Aceh Regency. This research was carried out using descriptive analytic in the form ofa survey to determine the factors that cause skin disease in Asir-Asir Asia Village, Lut Tawar District, Takengon City, Central Aceh Regency. The results showed that residents with personal hygiene were 37 people (41.11%) and people with poor personal hygiene were 53 people (58.89%). Respondents who have environmental sanitation by meeting health requirements are 16 people (17.78%) and as many as 74 respondents (82.22%) do not meet health requirements and respondents with the category of having skin disease complaints are observed subjectively and objectively as many as 60 respondents (66.67%) and have no complaints of skin disease as many as 30 respondents (33.33%). The conclusion in this study is that personal hygiene factors have a significant relationship with the incidence of skin disease complaints with a significant value of 0.008 (p < 0.05) and environmental sanitation factors also have a significant relationship with the incidence of skin disease complaints with a significant value of 0.001 (p <0.05).

Care Transition Interventions to Improve Stroke Outcomes: Evidence Gaps in Underserved and Minority Populations.

In many countries hospital length of stay after an acute stroke admission is typically just a few days, therefore, most of a person's recovery from stroke occurs in the community. Care transitions, which occur when there is a change in, or handoff between 2 different care settings or providers, represent an especially vulnerable period for patients and caregivers. For some patients with stroke the return home is associated with substantial practical, psychosocial, and health-related challenges leading to substantial burden for the individual and caregiver. Underserved and minority populations, because of their exposure to poor environmental, social, and economic conditions, as well as structural racism and discrimination, are especially vulnerable to the problems of complicated care transitions which in turn, can negatively impact stroke recovery. Overall, there remain significant unanswered questions about how to promote optimal recovery in the post-acute care period, particularly for those from underserved communities. Evidence is limited on how best to support patients after they have returned home where they are required to navigate the chronic stages of stroke with little direct support from health professionals.

Identification and Prevalence of Endoparasites in Timor Deer (Cervustimorensis) at Maliran Deer Captive Breeding Blitar

Deer populations in captive breedings have the potential to develop health issues such as protozoa and helminth infections. Poor sanitation and environmental conditions are among the external factors facilitate the transmission of endoparasites within deer population in a captivity. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of endoparasite infestation in Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) in Maliran Captive Breeding, Blitar, Indonesia. Samples of 102 fresh feces, were taken during the rainy season from March to May 2021, and sent to Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga for fecal examination using sedimentation, flotation, as well as McMaster methods to determine the prevalence and the intensity of infestations. Results showed that 30 samples were detected positive, 7 samples (6.86%) were positive of Haemonchus spp. at the egg stage (range of 30-60 EPG; mild infestation); and 23 samples (22.55%) were positive of Eimeria spp. in oocyst stage (range of 200-800 OPG; mild to moderate infestation). This study provides a reference for the eradication of Haemonchiasis in the deer population in the study area.

Should I breed or should I go? Manipulating individual state during migration influences breeding decisions in a long‐lived bird species

Abstract Documentation of carry‐over effects (COEs), defined as effects resulting from events that occurred in a previous time period, has largely been observational and understanding of specific mechanisms underlying COEs is still lacking. To investigate this, we simulated an environmental perturbation during the spring migration of a long‐lived bird species and looked at the subsequent effects on various breeding parameters. We captured female greater snow geese Anser caerulescens atlanticus on their spring staging sites and maintained individuals in captivity for up to 4 days before releasing them. We re‐observed females 3000 km North, on their Arctic breeding grounds, to estimate their breeding propensity (i.e. probability of initiating a reproductive event for a given year), and measured their arrival date, laying date, clutch size and nesting success. Only proxies of breeding propensity were affected by our manipulation, which decreased as the time spent in captivity increased. However, females were able to overcome the effects of captivity in two out of the 3 years of experimentation with normal or good environmental conditions at the breeding site. When facing the additional challenge of poor environmental conditions, many individuals manipulated during migration apparently curtailed their reproductive effort by skipping breeding. This experiment is the first to show that breeding propensity is an important parameter affected by COEs resulting from stressful events prior to reproduction in long‐lived species. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and its Predisposing Factors among Patients Sent for Stool Examination at Ambo General Hospital, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia

Back ground: Intestinal parasitic infections are the most common infection in the world. In Ethiopia there is a high prevalence of intestinal parasites due to lack of personal hygiene and poor environmental conditions. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites and predisposing factors among patients who sent for stool examination at Ambo general hospital Ambo Town, West Shewa zone. Methodology: A cross- sectional parasitological study was conducted August 22, 2021- August 31, 2021 G.C to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and its portion formula was used to determine a total sample size and convenient sampling technique was used. After ethical approval taken, patients data was collected by face-to face interviewing and recording method. Stool samples was examined by using direct saline and formal ether concentration techniques. Collected data was analyzed manually, checked and edited to determine the related risk factors of the intestinal parasites. Result and Conclusion: There was high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in the study in which 63.1% of them were found to be positive for at least single intestinal parasite. Total of seven intestinal parasites were identified. From the identified species G.lambilia was the most common 110(52.9%) followed by E.histolytica 42(20.2%), A.lambricoids 16(7.7%), Hook worm 12(5.8%), Tina species 10(4.8%), T.trichuria 10(4.8%) and S.mansoni 10(4.8%). Recommendations: Educate the patients and inform the concerned bodies about the risk factors and prevention. This finding from the study could be used as base line data and further investigation should be done to know the problem of intestinal parasitism more in the area by the others.

Experimental study on vertical void for improving natural ventilation in midrise double-loaded apartments

Affordable apartments in tropical developing countries generally have double-loaded corridors to maximise the total floor areas. Building designs with double-loaded corridors often suffer from poor environmental conditions. Passive design using a vertical void can help improve the natural ventilation in the such building design. This study investigates the effectiveness of vertical voids in enhancing the wind speed in the building. An experimental building with a vertical void, open pilotis, penthouse at rooftop and wind fin on the ground floor to help direct air to the void was constructed in Tegal, Indonesia. Five cases were considered by controlling the window openings, louver openings on the roof and change in fin size at pilotis. Wind speed and direction were recorded at one-second intervals. High wind speed was experienced in the pilotis and void when the wind direction is from the north and the wind speed in the void improved due to the wind fin being placed on the south corridor of the building. The results show the average wind speed in the void is twice as high as compared to the corridors. The building design performed best with high wind speeds in the void and corridores when all windows were kept open.

Poor Environmental Conditions Created the Acute Health Deteriorations in Evacuation Shelters after the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake.

When disasters occur, affected people in evacuation shelters may experience health problems, such as exacerbation of chronic diseases or development of new diseases. This study examined the factors contributing to sudden illness in evacuation shelters used for the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. The subjects were evacuees of the Kumamoto Earthquake who were transported to hospitals from evacuation shelters by ambulance. Data on patients transported from evacuation shelters were obtained from emergency transport records at the Kumamoto City Fire Department and from medical institutions. The assessment of the living conditions in the shelter was obtained from the Emergency Medical Information System. A total of 576 patients were transported by ambulance from evacuation shelters in Kumamoto City. Of these, 300 patients for whom detailed information was obtained from medical institutions were included in the analysis. The median age was 71 years, and 213 patients (71%) were over 60 years old. There were 235 patients (78%) with pre-existing medical conditions. The most common reasons for emergency transport were falls and dyspnea, followed by fever, disturbance of consciousness, and abdominal pain. The most common final diagnosis at the medical institutions was trauma due to falls, followed by cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and cerebral neurological disease. A survey of living conditions in the shelters identified problems with scarcity of space and provision of medical care and food. In order to prevent adverse health outcomes in evacuation shelters, the provision of appropriate living conditions and medical care is important from the acute phase of a disaster.

Evaluating the impact of proximity to reported toxic release facilities and flood events on chronic health outcomes in the city of Galena Park, Texas

Evidence has conclusively revealed that environmental justice communities experience poor environmental conditions compared to more affluent majority communities. However, there has been little research evaluating the health impacts of immediate proximity to industrial pursuits and flood events on a population compared to others living within the same community who are only marginally removed from these locations. This cross-sectional study (N = 130) utilized three approaches to assess health outcomes (1) the 12 item Short Form Health Survey, which creates a general physical component score, (2) self-reported noncancerous chronic conditions, and (3) self-reported diagnosis of twelve different cancers. Three risk levels were spatially created using a 5-scale ordinal score for each residential parcel based on the corresponding flood probability level and proximity to facilities which report to the United States Environmental Protection Agencies Toxic Release Inventory. Analysis revealed that general physical health scores were significantly lower (P-value < 0.001) in the medium and high-risk locations, Similarly chronic conditions witnessed a non-significant twofold increased risk in the highest-risk locations compared to the lowest (POR 1.91; 95 % CI 0.82–4.39) and a non-significant increased risk of cancer diagnosis (POR 1.51; 95 % CI 0.38–5.99). This research underscores the importance of place and health outcomes even within relatively geographically compact communities. Public health and urban planning interventions and designs should take into account fine grain approaches to respond to community needs while still being mindful of limited resources.

HYBRID CORN SEED PRODUCTION WITH STRAIGHT AND RECIPROCAL CROSSING COMBINATION FORMS IN CASE OF SOME MV HYBRIDS

ABSTRACT The selection of optimal parental lines are very important – at hybrid corn seed production. Correlation between the seedling length, high seed vigour ratio, and emergence during suboptimal environmental conditions are high. The higher-yielding ability is the most important thing, point of view as a financial factor. After examination, the seed biological value (germination, and vigour laboratory tests) the seed lots of 21 maize genotypes, with different straight and reciprocal combinations were studied at field experiments, between 2020-2022. We can emphasize: there are differences between the different crossing combinations. The fresh shoot weight of maize seedlings developing in a cold, oxygen poor environmental conditions was greater than the fresh root weight for the genotypes, regardless of the crossing methode. The plants developing from seeds with greater seed vigour; exhibited better emergence, faster ripening and lower grain moisture at harvest ( H 05 x RPK, H 70 x RPK, H 06 x US, H 06 x H 44, H 06 x TG, H 72 x H 29, H 06 x H 49, GS 21 x H 35, GS 22 x H 35). Correlation between the high vigour seedlings - for plants developing from seed lots from reciprocal crossing combinations-and fresh shoot weight of the seedlings and the kernel yield, were obvious – Marco, Kadricorn, Ghurkan, Koramag, Marfi, Mv 633, Mv Exp 21, and Mv 401- 21 hybrids. Importance of selection the best crossing ( yielding ability) combinations as the same – like importance of seed biological value.

Social Consequences of the Growth of Kazakhstan’s Megapolises and Recommendations for Overcoming

The purpose of the article was to study changes in living conditions in megapolises as they grow, identify negative social consequences and develop recommendations for overcoming them. Methods of retrospective analysis, logical and comparative analysis, generalizations, methods of descriptive statistics, index, graphic, methods for assessing the improvement of the housing stock of megacities, the demographic capacity of the city were used. The analysis of changes in living conditions in Kazakhstan’s megacities as they grow is carried out. The social consequences of the growth of megacities are revealed: a decrease in the standard of living of residents of the southern capital; an increase in demand for housing and its higher cost; a decrease in the level of well-being in Almaty; poor environmental conditions, an increase in atmospheric pollution in conditions of high population density; a higher level of mortality of the urban population compared to the rural population during the pandemic; an increase in destructive behavior of young people. Recommendations are given to overcome the negative social consequences of uncontrolled urbanization. The necessity of developing a Strategy for the development of Kazakhstani cities is substantiated. Measures are recommended: to solve the problem of affordable housing for young families, specialists, orphans; to create jobs, modernize transport, communal and social infrastructure, to foster patriotism and social responsibility.

국내·외 화학 보호복 및 특수 방화복 소재 적용에 관한 연구

In this study, turnout gear and chemical protective clothing are intended to protect the wearer from various hazards and poor environmental conditions that may cause harm or death. There are various fabric of protective clothing, the potential of Polyimide(PI) performance fabric relevant to personal protective clothing for firefighters. The PI turnout gear showed performance comparable to that the PBI turnout gear. It is judged that the current and future materials for turnout gear for firefighters are insufficient at internal and external, and further materials should be developed. The government needs a lot of research because protective clothing is needed for about 55,000 firefighters in Korea. There is an urgent need to upgrade personal protective equipment for firefighters. It was found that PI fabric can be applied in terms of physical properties such as flame/heat resistance of turnout gear and chemical protective clothing.

Storage Problems of Library Collections

The purpose of this work is to generalize the experience and reveal the main storage problems of the libraries’ collections in Ukraine.&#x0D; The methodology of the study includes methods of generalization and analysis of the sources.&#x0D; The results. It was demonstrated that the storage problem of library collections, both traditional and non-traditional, is relevant, since all documents, when saved and used, eventually become unsuitable for further use. The damage to documents can be caused by: chemical instability of materials, poor environmental conditions, poor preservation, unsatisfactory handling of documents, emergencies, vandalism. It was demonstrated that both traditional and new methods are used to reduce the effect of these causes, among which the use of new materials, non-damaging fire extinguishing systems and document digitization technologies are highlighted. However, traditionally insufficient funding limits the implementation of these methods.&#x0D; The scientific novelty. An attempt was made to generalize the experience and reveal the main storage problems of the library collections in Ukraine.&#x0D; The practical significance. The study’s results contribute to a more accurate understanding of the main problems associated with storing library collections and can be used in teaching courses on this topic.

The corrosion characteristics and electrochemical conservation treatment for an archaeological lead ossuary from Jordan

This study investigates the composition and corrosion of a lead ossuary excavated from the archaeological cemetery located on the site of the Queen Alia International Airport, Jordan. It also presents its conservation treatment using the potentiostatic reduction method. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses showed that the ossuary was made from a relatively pure lead metal. Examination of the corrosion products using X–ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM/EDX analyses indicated the presence oxides, carbonates and chlorides of lead as the main corrosion products on the ossuary. The metallographic examination showed a cast α-Pb dendritic microstructure. A linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) scan for a small fragment from the ossuary in a sodium sulfate solution allowed identifying the working conditions to reduce the corrosion products to lead metal. Chronoamperometry (CA) techniques helped to monitor the reduction process and determine its completion. The potentiostatic methods showed an excellent effectiveness in determining treatment parameters and monitoring the reduction process of the corrosion products on the ossuary and to prevent over-treatment. The reduced ossuary was finally coated with Paraloid B72 to prevent corrosion reoccurrence in the poor environmental conditions of the storage area.

Two-stage hybrid algorithm for recognition of industrial slab numbers with data quality improvement

As the unique recognition of each slab, the accurate recognition of slab number is especially critical for the hot rolling production process. However, the collected data are often of low quality due to poor production environment conditions, making traditional deep learning algorithms face more significant challenges in slab numbers recognition. In this paper, a two-stage hybrid algorithm based on convolutional neural network and Transformer is proposed to identify industrial slab numbers. In the first stage, an improved CycleGAN (HybridCy) is developed to enhance the quality of real-world unpaired data. In the second stage, a multi-scale hybrid vision transformer model (MSHy-Vit) is proposed to identify slab numbers of the improved data output of stage one. The experimental results on industrial slab data show that HybridCy exhibits stable and efficient performance. Even for low-quality data with severe geometric distortion, HybridCy can accomplish quality improvement, which can help to improve recognition accuracy. In addition, the MSHy-Vit achieves superior accuracy in the recognition of slab numbers in comparison to existing methods in the literature.