Polymorphism Of Prolactin Gene Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА КОРОВ-ПЕРВОТЁЛОК ЧЁРНО-ПЁСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО ДНК-МАРКЕРАМ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ С ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННО-ПОЛЕЗНЫМИ ПРИЗНАКАМИ

At present time are widely used genetic markers as means in the selection of highly productive animals. Since the genes: CSN3 (kappa-casein), PIT-1 (pituitary-specific transcription factor), PRL (prolactin), GH (somatotropin) are polymorphic and encode various proteins, the study of their influence on the productive traits of cattle is relevant. In this regard, the goal of the work is to determine the influence of complex genotypes of the studied genes on the milk productivity of first-calf cows of the Black-and-White breed bred in the collective farm-breeding plant «Kazminsky» in the Kochubeevsky district of the Stavropol Territory. The place of research is the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, VNIIOK, a branch of the North Caucasian Federal National Research Center. This article presents the results of DNA genotyping of allelic polymorphism for the CSN3, PIT-1, PRL, GH genes using PCR-RFLP methods in first-calf cows of the Black-and-White breed. It was established that these genes in the studied sample are polymorphic. The frequency of occurrence of the desired CSN3B allele in the studied sample was 0.23. The presence of alleles PIT-1A and PIT-1B of the pituitary-specific transcription factor gene was noted with a frequency of occurrence of 0.52 and 0.48. A feature of the PRL gene polymorphism was the fairly high frequency of occurrence of the PRLA allele (0.60). In this study sample of dairy cattle, the frequency of occurrence of the desired GHL allele of the somatotropin gene was 0.62. All variants of complex genotypes were also identified and their relationship with milk productivity in black-and-white cows was noted. The study sample was dominated by animals carrying complex desirable genotypes, consisting of four and three marker alleles of three and two genes (CSN3AB/PIT-1BB/GHLV; CSN3AB/PIT1AB/GHLL or PIT-1AB/PRLAB/GHLV; PIT-1AA/GHLL ) - 46.7 %. Milk yield per lactation between groups of black-and-white first-calf cows with different complex genotypes ranged from 5839.14 to 8611.33 kg. The mass fraction of fat in milk ranged from 3.93 to 4.04 %, and protein from 2.99 to 3.14 %.

Association of prolactin gene polymorphism with milk production traits in Gaolao cattle

Association of prolactin gene polymorphism with milk production traits in Gaolao cattle

A 24 BP Indel Prolactin Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Some Reproductive Traits in Color Dual-Purpose VLV Hens in Southern Vietnam

A 24 BP Indel Prolactin Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Some Reproductive Traits in Color Dual-Purpose VLV Hens in Southern Vietnam

Polymorphism of prolactin (PRL) gene exon5 and its association with egg production in IPB-D1 chickens.

The prolactin (PRL) gene regulates the egg production and incubation in laying chickens. Local chickens' reproductive systems will disrupt as a result of the incubation period activity, and they will lay fewer eggs. This study aimed to determine the prolactin gene polymorphism in IPB-D1 hens and its relationship to egg production. The polymorphism of the exon5 prolactin gene was examined on 112 samples of the IPB-D1 chicken DNA collection from the Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, IPB University. By performing the phenol-chloroform method, the genomic DNA was obtained. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product with a size of 557 bp was produced as a result of the DNA amplification. Three single-nucleotide sequences were discovered. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), g.7835A G, g.7886A T, and g.8052T C, were found in exon5 of the PRL gene. Each mutation was polymorphic and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The point mutation g.8052T C significantly impacted the egg production of IPB-D1 chickens, according to the SNP association analysis on egg production, and may serve as a marker to enhance the selection for the features of egg production in IPB-D1 chickens.

Effect of the prolactin gene polymorphism on quantity and quality of milk in Iraqi goats

Domestic goats in Iraq are one of the oldest domesticated animals in Mesopotamia. Their adaptation characterizes them to harsh environmental conditions such as heat in the summer and cold in the winter. Still, they suffer from neglect and the lack of genetic research that would improve the production of this animal, which is considered a multi-production (milk production, meat production, hair production). And because the prolactin gene is crucial, the current study focused on how the prolactin gene (PRL) affects milk yield and its composition. We obtained three genotypes of the prolactin gene exon 5: AA, AB, and BB. The hybrid genotype AB had the highest daily milk yield in domestic goats, although the recessive type BB had a more significant fat percentage. The genetic approach is advised if breeding aims to enhance milk output daily. So select hybrid genotype AB to exon 5 for the (PRL) gene. . Keywords: Domestic Iraqi goats; prolactin gene; milk production

The association of prolactin gene polymorphism with egg production traits in Alabio and Mojosari ducks

Prolactin (PRL) affects egg production in duck as it induces broodiness and promotes follicles development. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphism of PRL gene and egg production traits in Alabio and Mojosari Ducks. Genomic DNA were isolated from 111 blood samples (51 Alabio and 60 Mojosari). PCR and sequencing were performed to identify poly-morphisms and genotype of the animals. Data recording of the ducks including body weight at 16 weeks of age and at first egg, average weight of three first eggs laid and egg number laid up to 3, 6 and 12 months production were collected. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-Test. As a result, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were detected in intron 4. Both SNP C-5796A and SNP T-5817C were found to have association with egg number laid up to three months (P<0,005). The CA/TC genotype had higher egg number than CC/TT. These suggested that SNP C-5796A and SNP T-5817C could be potential markers for marker assisted selection to increase egg number in duck.

Characterization of 24bp Insertion Polymorphism of Prolactin Gene and its Association with Quantitative Traits in Tellicherry Native Chicken Breed

Background: Over many centuries, the conventional methods of poultry breeding is based on the phenotypic selection of the birds with superior trait in a particular population. Prolactin is a physiological candidate gene that has significant effects on production traits in poultry. The objective of this study was to investigate 24bp insertion (I) polymorphism of prolactin gene and its association with quantitative traits in Tellicherry native chicken. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from the randomly selected birds of All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Poultry Breeding, Mannuthy. The isolated DNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using specific set of primers to amplify the 24bp insertion polymorphism. PCR amplicons were sequenced to study the polymorphism at nucleotide level. Result: PCR amplification revealed the presence of a specific DNA fragment with 130/154bp contained 24bp insertion polymorphism. Based on the polymorphic patterns birds were designated with three genotypes as II, ID and DD. The frequency of I (0.6975) allele was found higher than D (0.3025) allele. Our experimental results revealed that 24bp insertion polymorphism of prolactin did not have a significant association with production traits viz, age at sexual maturity, egg weight and egg number in Tellicherry native chicken.

Measurement of Serum Prolactin Level in Vitiligo Patients and its Correlation with Prolactin Gene Polymorphism

Vitiligo is a procured depigmentation issue including around 1-2% of populace overall ignoring age, race and sexual orientation. Prolactin is a chemical discharged by lactotrop cells in pituitary organ. PRL appears to have extra capacities in skin science and hair follicle development also. The point of this examination was to assess serum levels of Prolactin (PRL) in patients with vitiligo in contrast with sound control and to survey its relationship with prolactin quality polymorphism and vitiligo seriousness. This forthcoming case-control study was led on forty patients grumbling of vitiligo, and forty age and sex coordinated sound volunteers. Patients were enlisted from outpatient facility of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department of Benha University Hospitals.There was non-huge contrast among patients and control bunches with respect to age, BMI, SBP, DBP, sex or uncommon propensities. There was non-huge distinction as respect serum PRL in patients bunch contrasted with control gathering. In patients gathering, PRL quality polymorphism demonstrated non-critical connection with sex, exceptional propensities and family ancestry. In patients gathering, PRL quality polymorphism indicated non-critical relationship with age, SBP, DBP, serum PRL, term of vitiligo and VASI score. While it demonstrated a huge connection with BMI. In patients gathering, serum PRL indicated non-huge relationship with age, BMI, SBP, DBP, term of vitiligo and VASI score.

PCR- RFLP Polymorphism at Exon 3 and Promoter Region of Prolactin Gene in Gaolao Cattle

The present study was planned to investigate significant polymorphism in exon3 and promoter regions of prolactin gene in Gaolao cattle and its association (if any) with milk components. A total of 50 randomly selected Gaolao cows were genotyped for PRLGI-RsaI and PRLGIII-Tsp45I loci using PCR-RFLP technique. The PRLGI-RsaI locus was polymorphic and PRLGIII-Tsp45I locus was monomorphic indicating genetic variation at PRLGI-RsaI locus in Gaolao cattle. The allele frequency for the PRLA alleles was found 0.933 and for allele PRLB was 0.067 at PRLGI–RsaI locus. The result of analysis variance showed significant (PÂ0.05) effect of AA genotype on fat % as compared to AB genotype; however non-significant effect of these genotypes was found on protein %, SNF % and lactose % which may be due to small sample resulting in higher error variance. The results of present study indicated that identified prolactin gene polymorphism at PRLGI-RsaI in exon 3 after validation in large breeding populations having precise data records may prove as important candidate gene marker for selection and breeding decisions in genetic improvement of indigenous cattle for milk productivity.

Prolactin gene polymorphism in crossbred cattle of Assam and its association with productive and reproductive traits

The present investigation was designed to study the performance of crossbred cows as well as to identify polymorphism in genomic sequences of PRL gene and its association with various reproductive and productive traits of crossbred cows maintained at the Bull Mother Farm, Barapeta, Assam. A total of 40 cows were utilized to study the polymorphism of the PRL gene, the results of which showed polymorphic banding pattern in most of the samples of crossbred cows with respect to the gene under study. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism studies on PRL gene in crossbred cows, using Rsa I restriction enzyme revealed three types of fragment pattern, arbitrarily designated as AA (156 bp), AB (74, 82 and 156 bp), BB (74 and 82 bp) genotype. The frequencies of A and B alleles were calculated as 0.534 and 0.466 and those of AA, AB and BB genotypes as 0.334, 0.400 and 0.266 respectively. The prolactin genotypes were found to be significantly related to age at sexual maturity, age at first calving, first lactation milk yield. The crossbred cattle with AB genotype showed better performance than those with AA and BB genotype in the population studied.

Prolactin gene polymorphisms and associations with reproductive traits in Indonesian local ducks.

Background and Aim:Reproductive traits play an important role in population increases and the egg production (EP) abilities of Indonesian local ducks (ILD). The prolactin (PRL) gene is a single chain polypeptide hormone belonging to a family of growth hormone genes that are mainly synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland in all vertebrates. It has a significant effect on reproductive traits and EP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in PRL are a useful molecular marker for EP. This study aimed to identify the PRL polymorphisms based on these SNPs and to uncover the associations with reproductive traits in ILD.Materials and Methods:A total of 280 ILDs consisting of Tegal and Magelang (F0) ducks and their reciprocal crosses, namely, Gallang (F1) and Maggal (F1), were maintained and specific variables were recorded, that is, age at first egg, body weight at first egg, first egg weight, and EP, for 90 days. Allele and genotype frequencies were used to determine the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium. The association between the SNP genotypes of PRL and reproductive traits was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, following the GLM procedure of SAS. The genotypic effects on the reproductive traits were determined using regression analysis.Results:This study successfully amplified a polymerase chain reaction product of 190 bp, which was used to identify the SNP. Results indicated that PRL in ILDs is polymorphic. A SNP was found at position 164 nt (c.164G >A), consisting of three different genotypes, namely, GG, GA, and AA. The genotypes of Tegal and Magelang (F0), and Gallang (F1) populations were not in H-W equilibrium. The Maggal population (F1) was in H-W equilibrium. Significant associations were detected between the genotypes and EP in all ILDs (p<0.01), following a regression line of y=2.337x+64.605, with a determination coefficient of 0.0188 (r=0.14).Conclusion:PRL can be recommended as a candidate gene for reproductive traits in ILD, especially EP.

Prolactin gene polymorphism in indigenous and crossbred cattle of north east India

Bovine PRL gene is considered one of the important hereditary components of milk productivity, thus seems to be an excellent candidate gene for milk production traits. The study was conducted to study the distribution pattern of allelic variants at the prolactin-RsaI locus in 210 indigenous cattle of north east India (viz. Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Asom and Meghalaya,) and crossbred cattle of Mizoram. PCR-RFLP genotyping of a 156 bp fragment of prolactin (PRL) in exon 3 revealed two different allelic variants. The predominant genotype (s) were AB (0.40) and BB (0.40) in indigenous cattle of Manipur, BB in Mizoram (0.57), AB in indigenous cattle of Nagaland (0.50) and Meghalaya (0.63). Whereas in Tripura and Asom indigenous cattle, AA was the most common genotype (0.40 and 0.60). However, AB (0.80) was markedly higher in crossbred (HF × indigenous) cattle. All the six indigenous cattle populations conforming to equilibrium indicated lack of selection pressure for PRL gene in these cattle population. The most frequent allele was A allele in the indigenous cattle of Nagaland (0.55), Tripura (0.55) and Asom (0.70) and B allele in indigenous cattle of Manipur (0.60) and Mizoram (0.73). Whereas, in Meghalaya indigenous and crossbred cattle, both alleles were present in equal frequencies. The findings of differences in the distributions of allelic and genotype variants of PRL-RsaI locus among the indigenous cattle populations of six states of north east India, suggested the presence of scope for genetic selection for milk production traits.

Significant associations between prolactin gene polymorphisms and growth traits in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) core breeding population

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the prolactin gene (PRL) on growth traits in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We sequenced pooled DNA samples from channel catfish to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PRL gene. The identified SNPs were then genotyped in 176 individuals from the G1 core breeding population of catfish using the multiplex SNaPshot method. SNP genotypes and diplotypes of the PRL gene and their associations with body mass and body length traits were also examined. Seven SNPs (g.951A>C, g.1293A>T, g.1359C>T, g.1374A>G, g.1620C>T, g.2675C>T, and g.3369A>G) were identified in introns and noncoding regions, and five of these were successfully genotyped. Seven haplotypes and ten diplotypes occurred in the group of 176 catfish. Association analyses showed that the g.1620 C>T SNP was significantly associated with growth traits in channel catfish, such that individuals with the TT genotype had significantly greater body weights and body lengths than those with CC or CT genotypes (P < 0.05). In addition, the g.3369 A>G SNP showed a significant negative association with growth traits, such that fish with the GG genotype had lower values for both growth traits compared with fish with genotype AA or AG (P < 0.05). Diplotypes H3/H3 and H4/H7 were associated with significantly higher body mass and body length than the other diplotypes (P < 0.01). The results of this study may provide basic data for marker-assisted selection and quantitative trait loci analysis of growth traits in channel catfish.

Polymorphism of Prolactin Gene and Its Association with Egg Production Trait in Four Commercial Chicken Lines

Broodiness is a behavioral trait observed in most common breeds of domestic fowl and due to its fundamental role in avian reproduction, it has been of great interest to poultry scientists, breeders and producers of hatching eggs. Prolactin gene (PRL) is generally accepted as crucial to the onset and maintenance of broodiness in birds and thus plays a crucial role in egg production. Therefore, the present study aimed to screen the Single Nucleotides Polymorphisms (SNPs) of prolactin gene in four commercial chicken lines namely Hubbard F15, Lohmann, Cobb500, and Avian48 using PCR and direct sequencing. A total number of forty chickens (ten females from each of the four commercial chicken lines) were used. Blood samples were collected aseptically from brachial (wing) vein of the chickens for genomic DNA extraction. PCR reaction was done using five pairs of primers, one sense (F) and one antisense (R) primer for each of the five exons of prolactin gene. Finally, DNA sequencing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis was done using Laser gene Megalign program. The results showed three SNPs in Hubbard F15 chicken line; one synonymous SNP at the position 3838 bp (ACC/ACT-transition) in exon 2 while in exon 5, two SNPs were detected; one non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism at the position 7921bp (CCT/TCT-transition) which results in amino acid changes at codon positions 169 (P/S), and one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism at the position 8187 bp T/ C. The study concluded that this SNP in PRL gene could be used as the potential molecular markers for egg production traits in chicken.

Effect of Body Condition Score and PCR-RFLP Polymorphism of Prolactin Gene on Semen Characteristics of Buffalo Bulls (BubalusBubalis)

THIS WORK aimed to evaluate effect of body condition score on semen characteristics of buffalo bulls and identify the genetic polymorphisms of prolactin (PRL) gene as bases for selection of bulls with good breeding value.The study was performed on 60 buffalo bulls aged 2-8 years. The bulls were classified according to body condition score (BCS) into two groups. The first group of bulls was between 2 to

Exploring polymorphism of prolactin gene and its possible association with repeat breeding in buffaloes

Prolactin (PRL), a polypeptide hormone is important for a number of biological functions. In livestock, genetic polymorphism of PRL has been found to be associated with various production and reproduction traits. Here, we explored genetic variability in regulatory and signal peptide encoding regions of PRL gene and its possible association with fertility trait in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) – a major livestock species of South Asia. Showing low genetic variability overall across the buffalo populations, a total of three SNPs – two in promoter (-C754T and -A516G) and one in exon 2 (C3666T) were identified in 2.2kb long region characterized from a pool of 12 buffalo populations. Importantly, the SNP at C3666T locus in exon 2 region caused a substitution of hydrophilic arginine (Arg, CGC) residue with hydrophobic cysteine (Cys, TGC) of signal peptide, leading to expansion of hydrophobic domain; and predictably found afflicting the cleavage site. Genotyping of two SNPs (-C754T and C3666T) was carried out by PCR-RFLP (BsrI) and tetra primer-ARMS PCR, respectively in 288 animals belonging to eight different riverine and swamp buffalo populations. The frequency of T allele, encoding hydrophobic cysteine in signal peptide at C3666T locus was found to be very high (0.882) in buffaloes, overall. Principle Coordinates Analysis revealed clustering of riverine buffalo populations (except Toda and Chilika), diverging from swamp type. A univariate logistic regression analysis conducted to explore association of buffalo PRL SNPs with fertility trait revealed that the genotypic frequencies for both loci (-C754T and C3666T) were found to have no significant difference between normal (n=25) and repeat (n=36) breeder Murrah buffaloes. Interestingly, a very high frequencies of T allele – responsible for Arg>Cys substitution – at C3666T locus were observed in both repeat (0.972) and normal (0.920) breeder groups. Since, maturation and secretion of the PRL hormone is strongly determined by signal peptide, our study provides an insight on the genetic variability in PRL promoter and signal peptide regions and its possible role in repeat breeding in buffaloes.

Association between prolactin gene polymorphism (–1149 G/T) and hyperprolactinemia in anti-psychotic treated patients with schizophrenia

Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) is a classical side effect of anti-psychotic drugs. Extrapituitary prolactin (PRL) production is regulated by an alternative promoter, which contains the functional single nucleotide polymorphism – 1149 G/T (rs134,1239) in prolactin gene. We examined whether this polymorphism is associated with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. The experimental group comprised 443 patients with schizophrenia. The control group comprised 126 healthy persons. The PRL concentration was measured in serum using the AccuBind ELISA Microwells kit. The functional polymorphism – 1149 G/T (rs134,1239) of the PRL gene was genotyped using the The MassARRAY® system. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using χ2 test. A total of 227 patients suffered from HPRL (98 males/129 females) according to the criteria of hyperprolactinemia. The frequency of genotypes and alleles in patients with schizophrenia did not differ from those in control subjects. A comparison between patients with schizophrenia with and without hyperprolactinemia revealed that the frequency of G allele in patients with hyperprolactinemia is significantly higher than in patients without hyperprolactinemia (χ2 = 7.25; P = 0.007; OR = 1.44 [1.10–1.89]). Accordingly, the genotype GG was found to be more often in patients with hyperprolactinemia than without it (χ2 = 9.49; P = 0.009). A significant association of the polymorphic variant rs134,1239 with the development of hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia treated with anti-psychotic drugs was revealed. Therefore, the serum concentration of prolactin in anti-psychotic treatment patients with schizophrenia may also give an indication of the activity of gene regulating extrapituitary prolactin expression.The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant 14-35-00023.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Prolactin gene polymorphism (− 1149 G/T) is associated with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics

BackgroundAntipsychotic drugs can cause hyperprolactinemia. However, hyperprolactinemia was also observed in treatment-naive patients with a first schizophrenic episode. This phenomenon might be related to the role of prolactin as a cytokine in autoimmune diseases. Extrapituitary prolactin production is regulated by an alternative promoter, which contains the functional single nucleotide polymorphism −1149 G/T (rs1341239). We examined whether this polymorphism was associated with hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. MethodWe recruited 443 patients with schizophrenia and 126 healthy controls. The functional polymorphism −1149 G/T (rs1341239) in the prolactin gene was genotyped with multiplexed primer extension, combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups with the χ2 test and logistic regression models adjusting for covariates. ResultsThe frequency of genotypes and alleles in patients with schizophrenia did not differ from those in control subjects. A comparison between patients with schizophrenia with and without hyperprolactinemia revealed significantly higher frequency of the G allele in patients with hyperprolactinemia than in patients without it (χ2=7.25; p=0.007; OR=1.44 [1.10–1.89]). Accordingly, patients with hyperprolactinemia carried the GG genotype more frequently than patients without hyperprolactinemia (χ2=9.49; p=0.009). This association remained significant after adjusting the estimates for such covariates as sex, age, duration of the diseases and the dose of chlorpromazine equivalents. ConclusionThis study revealed a significant association between the polymorphic variant rs1341239 and the development of hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. The serum prolactin concentration in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics may provide an indication of the activity of the gene that regulates extrapituitary prolactin production which is believed to play a role in the immune system.

Polymorphism of Prolactin gene in relation to egg productionperformance in Kadaknath hens

Present study was carried out to study egg production performance and polymorphism of Prolactin gene at 24 bp indel locus at promoter region (PRL24). Egg production performances were recorded as age at first egg (AFE), Body Weight at First Egg (WFE), Mean Egg Weight (MEW) and Total No. of Eggs at 90 days of laying (TEN). DNA was isolated from blood of 20 Kadaknath birds collected from wing vein. PRL24 locus for indel polymorphism was amplified by PCR and the product was resolved on 6% native PAGE for genotyping. The AFE (d), WFE (Kg), MEW (g) and TEN of Kadaknath hens in the present study were found to be 188.00±0.71, 1.26±0.03, 42.83±0.21 and 37.75±0.59 respectively. The Prolactin gene locus PRL24 showed two alleles I and D and three genotypes: II, ID and DD. The frequencies of I and D alleles at this locus were 0.55 &amp; 0.45 respectively. The birds of D allele had a significantly (P&lt;0.05) better TEN than birds of I allele.

Polymorphism of prolactin gene mentioned as exon 3 or exon 4

Polymorphism of prolactin gene mentioned as exon 3 or exon 4