Pollution-free Materials Research Articles

Design Of A Semi-Automatic Bread-Making Machine Including Medium Capacity With A Variety Of Baking Temperatures

The bread machine is also a leverage to increase production capacity and production quality. In contrast to manual bread production, which requires a lot of effort and time, a bread machine makes everything more efficient. The bread machine's output is better than manual production's. Besides that, the hygiene of the bread produced is guaranteed. The device is sterile and safe because all materials are protected with stainless plates, a mixer motor flame that can be adjusted according to needs, and an automatic oven according to requirements. The tray uses hygienic, not harmful to health, and environmentally friendly and pollution-free materials. The level of safety in use is higher because it has appropriate dimensions. The technique for operating a semi-automatic bread-making machine with a production capacity of 4 kg requires 45 minutes with an oven process temperature of 100 ºC to 150 ºC.

Electroactive Microorganisms in Advanced Energy Technologies.

Large-scale production of green and pollution-free materials is crucial for deploying sustainable clean energy. Currently, the fabrication of traditional energy materials involves complex technological conditions and high costs, which significantly limits their broad application in the industry. Microorganisms involved in energy production have the advantages of inexpensive production and safe process and can minimize the problem of chemical reagents in environmental pollution. This paper reviews the mechanisms of electron transport, redox, metabolism, structure, and composition of electroactive microorganisms in synthesizing energy materials. It then discusses and summarizes the applications of microbial energy materials in electrocatalytic systems, sensors, and power generation devices. Lastly, the research progress and existing challenges for electroactive microorganisms in the energy and environment sectors described herein provide a theoretical basis for exploring the future application of electroactive microorganisms in energy materials.

Study on the Efficiency Treatment of Polluted Water by Biofilm Process Filled with Bamboo Filler

The biofilm process has the advantages of strong load impact resistance, low power consumption, easy operation and management, and good treatment effect. The key factor of the biofilm method is the biofilm carrier filler. The performance of the filler will directly affect the operation and treatment effect of the reactor. Aiming at the severely polluted rivers, this paper proposes to use bamboo materials with extensive raw materials, cheap processing, green and pollution-free materials to make biofilm reactor fillers, and conduct laboratory-scale research on them. The results show that, compared with the suspended filler, the bamboo filler has a faster filming speed and a rich microbial population structure on the film, which is beneficial to the removal of pollutants in the water. In addition, the bamboo filler has a degradable carbon source, which helps to further improve the reactor. The denitrification efficiency. The research results will provide technical support for the practical application of bamboo fillers in biofilm reactors and the in-situ remediation of polluted river water quality in my country.

Application of Green Pollution-Free Materials in Environmental Art Design

This work analyzes the fundamental mechanical characteristics of straw concrete by measuring the water content, cubic compressive strength, and axial compressive strength in order to conform to the trend of the double-carbon age and achieve the recycling of green renewable resources. The optimal mix ratio is provided by the wall seismic performance test. Numerous tests were conducted in order to study the impacts of straw on existing wall materials, the outcomes of straw on wall materials, and the effects of straw and fly ash on wall materials when these two substances interact. In this study, segments of maize stalks with greater yields were chosen. The findings demonstrate that as fiber content rises, friction and tension between the concrete and the matrix increase, as does the ultimate strain in the concrete’s tensile zone, as well as the concrete’s bearing capacity, ductility, and flexural and tensile qualities. The impacts of straw on brand-new wall materials, the effects of fly ash on wall materials, and the effects of straw and fly ash on wall materials when the two interact were investigated based on several trials. Straw fly ash concrete exhibits compressive solid performance qualities and is lightweight when used as a wall material. Materials that are environmentally friendly and pollution-free are affordable, easily promoted, and offer significant practical value for the whole society’s pursuit of sustainable development objectives.

Comprehensive review of the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer with additive of nano-SiO2

Abstract Nano-SiO2 is a non-toxic, tasteless, and pollution-free material with hydroxyl groups that facilitate the adsorption of water on its surface. Nano-SiO2 is characterized by small particle size, high purity, low density, large surface area, and good dispersion properties. In addition, nano-SiO2 has excellent stability, reinforcement, thixotropy, and optical and mechanical properties. The additive of nano-SiO2 can enhance the mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete. Therefore, nano-SiO2 is widely used as an additive in the field of building materials. Geopolymers have excellent mechanical properties, acid–alkali resistance, fire resistance, and high-temperature resistance. In addition, mineral waste and construction waste can be used as raw materials for geopolymers. Therefore, geopolymers have the potential to substitute ordinary Portland cement and have good prospects for application as construction materials. The application of nanomaterials in geopolymer products has shown that nano-SiO2 is effective in increasing the rate of geopolymerization reaction and reducing the setting time of geopolymers in a controlled quantity. Related results indicate that an appropriate quantity of nano-SiO2 can make the microstructure of fly ash-based geopolymers denser and produce higher mechanical strength. In this study, based on the mechanism of geopolymerization, the effects of nano-SiO2 on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers including compressive strength, microstructure, hardening properties, shear bond strength, durability, and practical applications have been summarized. This study can provide a basis for understanding the effects of nano-SiO2 on the mechanical properties and durability of fly ash-based geopolymers.

Green synthesis of porous carbon nanocubes accumulated microspheres for the simultaneous non-enzymatic sensing of uric acid and dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid

Nanomaterials synthesis from biowastes is becoming one of the green strategies towards the production of toxic solvents- and pollution-free materials and in that view, we have prepared porous carbon nanocubes accumulated microspheres (PCMS) and tested its efficacy for the electrochemical sensing of both uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA) simultaneously in the presence of ascorbic acid. The PCMS nanomaterial successfully synthesized by echo-free pyrolysis of neighborhood collected coconut shell at 450 °C under air atmospheric condition in a muffle furnace. From the physical characterization, we found that the formed product is crystalline in nature (powdered XRD) and the FTIR analysis provided the surface functionality and bonding, while the UV-Vis spectroscopy for the optical properties. The low-resolution SEM studies indicated for a uniform spherical like structure (1 µM size) and the high-resolution TEM image support for the formation of PCMS absolutely in cubic structure (20 nm size). Hence, it may be an accumulation of the cubic nanocrystal to a spherical microstructure which has played vital performance due to the high surface area spherical structure and porosity. On testing of PCMS’s sensing efficiency, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques showed well-detached oxidation peaks both for UA and DA. The lowest detection limits were observed to be 10 nM and 1 nM for the UA and DA respectively, and based on such low values of detection, this signal to noise ratio of the sensor can be applicable for real-time detection of UA and DA efflux from human nerve cells.

Surface, optical and electrochemical performance of indium-doped ZnO/WO3 nano-composite thin films

Great demand on replacing emission and pollution-free materials for energy storage by traditional fossil fuels has led to investigating of high-performance electrochromic materials. Nano-composite for electrochromic device may be a good choice. In this paper, stack-structured indium-doped ZnO/WO3 nano-composite thin films were deposited on glass, indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates, respectively. Surface, optical and electrochromic (EC) performance of the prepared nano-composite films has been investigated. Electrochromic impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry, repeating chronoamperometry (CA) and chronocoulometry (CC) measurements were taken. The Raman spectroscopy measurement shows that high-intensity peaks are related to ZnO wurtzite structure for all substrates. In the CA measurement, the rate of Li+ transfer between surface and electrolyte was faster for films coated onto ITO substrate. In addition, the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+ was obviously found faster for films onto ITO substrate due to roughness, structure differences than the other sample. As an advantage of our nano-composite material, the absence of current decay in the both coloration and bleaching stages has proved superiority and stability of films as well as indium contribution. The reversibility of stack-structured InZnO/WO3 nano-composite films was computed as 30 and 50% for the film with ITO and FTO substrates. The highest coloration efficiency value has calculated as 80 and 69 cm2/C for nano-composite thin films deposited onto FTO substrate @ 632 and 550 nm, respectively. Warburg impedance element values were determined from the equivalent circuit model. Also, calculated charges were determined for bleaching or coloring process for all films.

Eco friendly synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using aqueous Ocimum americanum L. leaf extracts and their antimicrobial, anti-proliferative and photocatalytic activities

Bio-synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles was accomplished with Ocimum americanum L leaf extracts. The morphology, optical and functional properties of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, and FE-SEM with EDAX respectively. The aqueous extracts of these nanoparticles were evaluated for its antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella paratyphi, Klebseilla pnemoniae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using an agar well method. The antiproliferative activity was analyzed by MTT assay. Photocatalytic analysis against methylene blue dye was investigated. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles was analyzed by SEM with an average size of the particle was 25 nm. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were exhibited excellent antimicrobial and antiproliferation activities against selected pathogens and human skin cancer cell line (431) respectively and expression of admirable photocatalytic activity with reduction of 91.1%. Based on the above studies, it is concluded that these nanoparticles are eco-friendly, inexpensive and pollution free material which can be applied for multifaceted environmental applications.

Bio-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for anti-tuberculosis agent: Scientifically unexplored

The surge of multidrug resistance against tuberculosis leads to the greater challenge on the prevention and control of tuberculosis disease globally. The prevailing treatments were found to be expensive, time consuming and possess many adverse effects. The rationale targeting of nanomedicine enables to overcome this confronting tuberculosis disease. The aim of the accomplished work was to synthesize zinc oxide nanomaterials using Capparis zeylanica leaf extracts for analyzing the anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using agar well diffusion process. Characterization studies of Bio-synthesized Zinc Oxide nanomaterials were performed by using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays. Anti-tuberculosis activity was performed by well diffusion method. In the present study, Ultraviolet visible absorbance peak at 353 nm marked the formation of Zinc Oxide nanomaterials. The average particle size, using Debye-Scherrer's equation from X-ray Diffraction was estimated around 34 nm and they were spherical in shape. The Selected Area Electron Diffraction pattern also authorizes that the prepared samples were of in crystalline nature. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study proves the occurrence of functional groups of green ZnO nanoparticles. From the agar well diffusion procedure, it was observed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles possess excellent anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the above studies, it was concluded that these biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles are eco-friendly, inexpensive and pollution free material which can be applied in various biomedical prospects, especially as an anti-tuberculosis agent.

All-solid-state high performance asymmetric supercapacitors based on novel MnS nanocrystal and activated carbon materials.

All-solid-state high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are fabricated using γ-MnS as positive electrode and porous eggplant derived activated carbon (EDAC) as negative electrode with saturated potassium hydroxide agar gel as the solid electrolyte. The laminar wurtzite nanostructure of γ-MnS facilitates the insertion of hydroxyl ions into the interlayer space, and the manganese sulfide nanowire offers electronic transportation channels. The size-uniform porous nanostructure of EDAC provides a continuous electron pathway as well as facilitates short ionic transportation pathways. Due to these special nanostructures of both the MnS and the EDAC, they exhibited a specific capacitance of 573.9 and 396 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, respectively. The optimized MnS//EDAC asymmetric supercapacitor shows a superior performance with specific capacitance of 110.4 F g−1 and 89.87% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, a high energy density of 37.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 181.2 W kg−1 and remains 24.9 Wh kg−1 even at 5976 W kg−1. Impressively, such two assembled all-solid-state cells in series can light up a red LED indicator for 15 minutes after fully charged. These impressive results make these pollution-free materials promising for practical applications in solid aqueous electrolyte-based ASCs.

金属冷間加工用低環境負荷潤滑剤の開発と評価

In plastic metalworking, a lubricant is usually applied between the metal surface and the tool surface to reduce friction. The reduction in friction prevents seizing, improves the forming limit and decreases the energy that the process requires. Therefore the use of a lubricant is extremely important. Oil-based lubricants and phosphate coatings which have a high environmental load have mainly been used as conventional lubricants before and after the working process. However with the recent trend in environmental protection lubricants should be pollution-free materials. In this project we aim to develop and evaluate new lubricants based soap and detergents. These materials are good lubricants and have little environmental load. The performance of the new lubricants was evaluated by the Erichsen test and cold bar drawing. The results of the experiments and elastic-plastic FEA were compared to determine the coefficient of Coulomb friction. It was clarified that an appropriate mixture of soap and a mild detergent is superior to lubricants on the market. In particular, the soap-based lubricant mixed with washing powder shows excellent performance. In addition, these lubricants are easily removed by water. Guidelines for the development of environmentally friendly lubricants and the application of such lubricants to metalworking were obtained.

Recycled paper-rolled tubes as potential energy absorbing elements

The use of recycled paper-rolled tubes as potential impact energy absorbing elements has been experimentally explored. Single and bundled (cellular) tubes have been subjected to quasi-static axial and lateral crushing loads. Effect of L/D, D/t ratios and loading rate on the energy absorbing performance of such tubes have been considered. The load-deflection curves of the axially and laterally crushed paper tubes exhibit some of the favourable characteristics of energy absorbing elements which includes low load uniformity ratio, long stroke and reasonable specific energy. The paper-rolled tubes, in single or cellular form, are light, economical, made of recyclable and pollution-free material and above all have a reasonable specific absorption energy which makes them a favourable candidate for energy absorption.