Reduction Of Pollutant Emissions Research Articles

Necessary CO2 emissions improvement based on rural residential coal/stove-specific coal combustion and prefectural-differentiation synergistic effect of pollutants and carbon emission reduction

Rural residential coal combustion (RRCC) is an important CO2 emission source in rural areas and these emissions vary greatly by coal and stove types. The lack of CO2 emission estimations for different coal-stove combinations restricts refinement and region-differentiated synergistic reduction of pollution and CO2 emissions from RRCC. This study established the coal and stove specific CO2 emissions inventory of RRCC based on investigated coal combustion of various coal and stove types, taking the region of Hebei in China as an example. The synergistic reduction effect of CO2 and pollutants was evaluated using 4 emission reduction scenarios. CO2 emission was 67.4% higher than estimates of RRCC based on the Statistical Yearbook and IPCC emission factors. The combination of bituminous coal and an advanced coal stove was the greatest contributor (62.1%) to CO2 emissions. Bituminous coal burnt in home Arcola has the highest per capita hourly and per unit calorific value CO2 emission, 2.3 and 2.4 times higher than the combination of anthracite briquette coal and pit coal stove and the combination of bituminous coal and an advanced coal stove, respectively. Except for NOx and CO, the coal-stove combination with the lowest per capita hourly and per unit calorific value emissions is anthracite briquette coal and an advanced coal stove. Scenario analysis shows that updated coal stoves feature the highest pollutant emission reduction, but greater CO2 and NOX emissions. For individual cities, synergistic pollution and carbon reduction is seen in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao, and organic carbon, CO, and SO2 have better synergistic positive reduction with CO2, while NOX has shown a negative effect with CO2 in other cities with the best coal and stove update scenario. Compared with the coal and stove update scenario, emission reduction effects with clean fuel substitution varies across cities. This study is helpful to understand the possible non-synergy of pollutant and CO2 reduction in the process of RRCC management. Attention should be given to issues related to the synergistic control plan of pollution and CO2 reduction for RRCC with local adaptation.

Full life cycle emission reduction potential of ultra-low emission transformation in China's cement industry

China accounts for more than 50% of the global total cement production, the emission of pollutants in the cement industry occupies a large proportion of the industries. Some provinces have first carried out in-depth treatment of the cement industry, and the national level will also introduce an implementation plan for ultra-low emission transformation of the cement industry to promote continuous improvement of China's air quality. In this work, a pollutant emission inventory covering the full life cycle of the cement industry, including organized emission, unorganized emission and transportation, was established based on pollutant discharge permit, Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) database and field investigation. And, the emission reduction potential of particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) after the implementation of ultra-low emission transformation in cement industry was evaluated. The results show that the existing dedusting, desulphurization and denitration technologies can control the concentrations of PM, SO2 and NOx below 10 mg/m3, 35 mg/m3 and 50 mg/m3, respectively. The emission reduction potential of PM, SO2 and NOx in cement industry is 259.54 kt, 14.98 kt and 607.04 kt, corresponding emission reduction ratio is 37%, 24% and 64%, respectively. In addition, this work reveals the spatial characteristics of pollutant emission level and emission reduction potential of the cement industry, which is conducive to the rational layout of ultra-low emission transformation, and push forward the transformation task by area and stage.

Enhancing bio-based chemical production and reducing pollutants emission through the synergistic effect of ZSM-5/CaO during hydrogen-deficient biomass pyrolysis

The study proposed the use of ZSM-5/CaO as a catalyst to simultaneously improve the quality of pyrolytic products and reduce pollutants emission during the pyrolysis of hydrogen-deficient biomass, specifically cabbage waste (CW). Variables such as pyrolysis temperature and catalysts, including 5% ZSM-5, 5% CaO and 10% ZSM-5/CaO, significantly affected biomass conversion, yield, and products composition. Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) analysis shows that the catalysts (5% ZSM-5, 5% CaO and 10% ZSM-5/CaO) reduced pollutants emission and increased value-added chemicals production by 24.96%, 28.5%, 17.39% and 75.04%, 71.5%, 82.1%, respectively compared to non-catalytic process as 34.18% and 65.82%. Moreover, these catalysts enhanced the relative yield of olefins, aromatics, and phenols to 23.5, 21.6, 27.6% for 5wt.%ZSM-5; 20.8, 18.7, 23.3% for 5wt.%CaO; 30.7, 38.6, 41.3% for 10wt.%ZSM-5/CaO, compared to the non-catalytic process' yield of 15.7, 10.7, 19.3%. Py/GC–MS analysis confirms that these catalysts also decreased PAH and oxygenates production to 13.5, 15.3% for 5wt.%ZSM-5; 11.8, 9.1% for 5wt.%CaO; 5.2, 4.7% for 10wt.%ZSM-5/CaO, in contrast to the non-catalytic process' 26.2, 28.7%. This confirms the synergistic effect of ZSM-5/CaO for upgrading bio-based chemicals and reducing pollutants emission.

Innovative Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicle Batteries: Phase Change Material, Heat Pipe and Heat Sink Box Integration

The adoption of electric vehicles has significantly contributed to the reduction of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. However, the high heat release generated by the vehicle batteries poses a challenge. To tackle this issue, a passive cooling thermal management system was developed for the batteries, utilizing a combination of a heat sink box, phase change material, and heat pipe. Phase change material of soy wax was employed as the cooling medium, alongside an L-shaped heat pipe equipped with fins. Temperature measurements were conducted using a type-K thermocouple connected to the NI DAQ 9214 module, while the electric current power varied between 1.2 and 52.5 W. The results demonstrate that the implementation of heat pipes in the battery thermal management system led to temperature reductions of approximately 31%, while the utilization of box heat sinks resulted in temperature decreases of up to about 40% compared to cases without passive cooling. Moreover, when combining the heat sink box with soy wax phase change material and heat pipe, the temperature dropped by about 66% under maximum heat load conditions. This integrated approach showcases the effectiveness of a passive cooling method for battery thermal management in electric vehicles, particularly as soy wax’s melting temperature aligns with the recommended working temperature range of the batteries.

High-resolution dispersion modelling of PM2.5, PM10, NOx and NO2 exposure in metropolitan areas in Sweden 2000‒2018 – large health gains due to decreased population exposure

Ambient air pollution remains the major environmental cause of disease. Accurate assessment of population exposure and small-scale spatial exposure variations over long time periods is essential for epidemiological studies. We estimated annual exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx, NO2) with high spatial resolution to examine time trends 2000‒2018, compliance with the WHO Air Quality Guidelines, and assess the health impact. The modelling area covered six metropolitan areas in Sweden with a combined population of 5.5 million. Long-range transported air pollutants were modelled using a chemical transport model with bias correction, and locally emitted air pollutants using source-specific Gaussian-type dispersion models at resolutions up to 50 × 50 m. The modelled concentrations were validated using quality-controlled monitoring data. Lastly, we estimated the reduction in mortality associated with the decrease in population exposure. The validity of modelled air pollutant concentrations was good (R2 for PM2.5 0.84, PM10 0.61, and NOx 0.87). Air pollution exposure decreased substantially, from a population weighted mean exposure to PM2.5 of 12.2 µg m−3 in 2000 to 5.4 µg m−3 in 2018. We estimated that the decreased exposure was associated with a reduction of 2719 (95% CI 2046–3055) premature deaths annually. However, in 2018, 65%, 8%, and 42% of residents in the modelled areas were still exposed to PM2.5, PM10, or NO2 levels, respectively, that exceeded the current WHO Air Quality Guidelines for annual average exposure. This emphasises the potential public health benefits of reductions in air pollution emissions.

Environmental Regulation and Fiscal Revenue Growth: Is It Win–Win or Win–Lose?—Evidence of a Multi-Tasking Performance Evaluation System in China

Based on the samples of 207 prefecture-level cities in China from 2002 to 2010, this study uses the exogenous shock of China’s first incorporation of environmental regulations into the assessment of local officials as a quasi-natural experiment, and applies the continuous difference-in-differences (DID) method to examine the impact of environmental regulation assessment pressure on local fiscal revenue. We find that the target pressure of environmental regulations for local officials has contributed to the growth of local fiscal revenue, and for each 0.01 increase in the targets of pollution emission reduction, local fiscal revenue increases by 0.204%. This result demonstrates a strong robustness. Our mechanism analysis further confirms that local governments employ various strategies to alleviate the financial burden induced by environmental regulations. These strategies include (1) not only adopting the “grabbing hand” approach, which involves extracting fiscal revenues from the market by reducing the fixed asset investment of local governments and enhancing the collection of pollution fees from enterprises, (2) but also utilizing the “helping hand” approach to augment financial resources, such as improving tax administration efficiency by cracking down on profit under-reporting and income tax evasion among enterprises. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis suggests that the impact of environmental regulations on fiscal revenue is contingent upon the level of local fiscal self-sufficiency. This article offers empirical evidence to assist governments in devising effective environmental policies that aim to achieve a harmonious balance between economic growth and environmental protection.

Assessing climate/air quality synergies and cost-effectiveness for Beijing transportation: Insights into sustainable development

CO2 emission reduction policies can simultaneously reduce air pollutant emissions in the transport sector, but the extent of their cost-effective is under-evaluated. To explore sustainable transportation in a mega-city, the potential synergies and cost-effectiveness of CO2 and air pollutant emission reductions in Beijing transportation are quantitatively evaluated by radar chart analysis, total cost of ownership (TCO) and marginal abatement cost curves (MACC) under various mitigation measures. The findings show that the adoption of electric light-duty vehicles can achieve a significant synergistic effect and cost-effectiveness of emission reductions, and would be implemented as a high priority. Moreover, improving emission standards and fuel economy have an obvious cost-effectiveness and effective mitigation for air pollutants, but with poor synergies due to low CO2 mitigation. In contrast, the clean energy for large and heavy vehicles, and bio-fuel for aviation are essential measures for achieving carbon neutrality, but with high costs. Furthermore, changes of transport modes have good cost-effectiveness, but there are no synergies due to the emission increments of PM2.5 and NOx. Given that transportation plays a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality and enhancing air quality, more stringent and effective environmental policies targeting emission reduction can expedite the sustainable transition in Beijing transportation.

Modelling and cycle‐by‐cycle control of an electromechanical engine valve actuator with impact speed limiter based on hydraulic damper

AbstractVariable valve actuation (VVA) systems based on electromechanical valve actuators (EMVAs) enable a flexible operation and management of internal combustion engines that results in a reduction of pollutant emission and fuel consumption while improving engine power and efficiency. However, to achieve the benefits promised by EMVAs, it is of utmost importance to guarantee the catch of the valve by the system magnets with an acceptable impact speed of the valve at the end‐strokes. Valve catching failures can severely damage engine valves while high impact speeds induce mechanical wear and unacceptable noise. The soft landing control of the valve at the end‐strokes is challenging because of system nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances. The complexity of the control design increases further when industrial cost‐effective solutions are sought. This paper presents a novel solution for reducing the impact speed of the valve without the use of costly position valve sensors. The proposed solution leverages on a small hydraulic damper (HD) embedded into the EMVA and a feedback cycle‐by‐cycle controller. The passive element reduces the impact speed while the controller adjusts at every engine cycle the EMVA coil currents based on pressure peaks detected in the HD to guarantee valve catching while steering the impact speed toward its minimum. The design of the controller exploits a physics‐based model that maps the pressure peak in the HD onto the impact speed and a gradient descent algorithm is adopted searching the minimum. The closed‐loop permanence is assessed in simulation by using an experimentally validated EMVA model and considering detailed dynamics of the HD. Numerical results show the ability of the proposed control architecture to reduce the impact speed and its robustness to parameters variations (oil temperature) and external disturbances (gas pressure forces).

Multi-view Stacked CNN-BiLSTM (MvS CNN-BiLSTM) for urban [formula omitted] concentration prediction of India’s polluted cities

The existence of PM2.5 poses a substantial threat to both human well-being and ecosystems. The quantification of PM2.5 is a pressing global issue. These little particles can swiftly enter the respiratory system and penetrate the lungs profoundly, resulting in a range of health problems such as respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and early mortality. Research indicates hybrid deep learning (DL) models outperform individual DL models such as CNN, RNN, GRU, LSTM, and BiLSTM in predicting the PM2.5 pollutant in time series data. However, these hybrid models still need to attain effective performance. This study has proposed a hybrid stacked CNN Bi-LSTM model architecture that incorporates many data perspectives related explicitly to seasonal repeats to generate numerous models. This approach is called Multi-view Stacked CNN Bidirectional-LSTM (MvS CNN-BiLSTM). The suggested approach has been deployed on seventeen individual time series data sets of PM2.5 levels in highly polluted cities in India, using stand-alone deep learning models. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been evaluated by comparing its performance using the RMSE and MAPE metrics. The suggested model has obtained an average enhancement compared to stand-alone DL models on all datasets as follows: RMSE: 7.11% (CNN), 5.08% (RNN), 3.80% (GRU), 5.57% (LSTM), and 4.05% (BiLSTM). Additionally, the MAPE values are 27.16% (CNN), 28.52% (RNN), 26.22% (GRU), 27.22% (LSTM), and 23.11% (BiLSTM). In addition, a non-parametric statistical analysis (Friedman and Holm’s) was conducted, demonstrating that the proposed MvS CNN-BiLSTM outperforms both performance metrics significantly. The proposed approach has the potential to improve policy, human health, and ecosystems by focusing on actions that prioritize the reduction of pollutant emissions and the enhancement of air quality management.

Development of a greenhouse gas - air pollution interactions and synergies model for Korea (GAINS-Korea)

This study aimed to create Greenhouse Gas - Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS)-Korea, an integrated model for evaluating climate and air quality policies in Korea, modeled after the international GAINS model. GAINS-Korea incorporates specific Korean data and enhances granularity for enabling local government-level analysis. The model includes source-receptor matrices used to simulate pollutant dispersion in Korea, generated through CAMx air quality modeling. GAINS-Korea's performance was evaluated by examining different scenarios for South Korea. The business as usual scenario projected emissions from 2010 to 2030, while the air quality scenario included policies to reduce air pollutants in line with air quality and greenhouse gas control plans. The maximum feasible reduction scenario incorporated more aggressive reduction technologies along with air quality measures. The developed model enabled the assessment of emission reduction effects by both greenhouse gas and air pollutant emission reduction policies across 17 local governments in Korea, including changes in PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) concentration and associated benefits, such as reduced premature deaths. The model also provides a range of visualization tools for comparative analysis among different scenarios, making it a valuable resource for policy planning and evaluation, and supporting decision-making processes.

An Empirical Study on The Impact of Digital Economy on Industrial Pollution Emissions

In order to explore the impact of digital economy on industrial pollution emissions, based on the data of 288 cities at or above the prefecture level from 2011 to 2019, this paper takes a set of composite variables composed of industrial waste gas emissions, industrial wastewater emissions and industrial solid waste emissions as explained variables, and the development level of digital economy as explained variables. A series of control variables were added to establish a benchmark regression model to empirically test the impact of digital economy on industrial pollution emissions. The results show that: (1) digital economy can significantly inhibit the emission of pollutants; (2) There are regional differences in the effect of digital economy on pollutant emission reduction. The effect of pollution reduction is strongest in central region, middle in eastern region, and weakest in western region. In order to better protect the environment, to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. This paper proposes that the construction of digital infrastructure should be accelerated; We will raise the level of human capital and strengthen inter-regional exchanges and cooperation.

Enhancing the arch-fired low-NOx performance with a throat overfire air for lowering NOx and hopper overheating

Upon the background of China's dual-carbon energy and environment strategies and the requirements of green and sustainable development in the new era, how to gradually reduce coal consumption while at the same time enhance the efficient and clean use of coal and reduce pollutant emissions is attracting more and more attention. For a 600-MWe arch-fired furnace facing persistent challenges of high NO x output and an overheating risk in hopper as firing anthracite, a cascade-arched low-NO x and high-efficiency configuration (CLHC) was taken as an alternative to the existing multiple-injection and multiple-staging combustion technique (i.e., the MIMSCT, denoted as the reference furnace or technique in this study). In particular, along the furnace height the CLHC's overfire air (OFA) position in the burnout zone has an important influence on the low-NO x performance due to the shrunk furnace-arch space and a short upper furnace. Aiming at evaluating the OFA-location effect and confirming the CLHC in resolving the above problems, industrial-scale experiments and modeling were performed in the reference furnace and thereafter, the low-NO x characteristics with the CLHC was simulated considering three different OFA locations of the upper-furnace OFA, throat OFA, and arch OFA. In the OFA-location elevated order, the blending position of OFA and the main upward gas first lowered and then elevated, while the OFA penetration, overall combustion performance, and major low-NO x accomplishment indexes related to NO x yield and burnout loss initially improved but then deteriorated. As a result, the medium throat OFA presented the optimal low-NO x merit among the three setups, with the unburnt combustible of 5.3% in fly ash alongside NO x yield of 660 mg/m3 (O2 = 6%), respectively. By comparison to the reference technique, the CLHC gained a 30% NO x reduction ratio without affecting burnout and greatly relieved the hopper overheating issue via reducing sharply its temperatures by 400 K, thereby confirming the CLHC's viability. This study provided guidance on the safe furnace operations and reduction of pollutant emissions, benefiting the efficient and environmentally friendly usage of low-quality coals in industrial-scale furnaces.

Performance Characteristic of Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Energy Conversion with Renewable Fuels on Free-Piston Engines

Renewable fuels attract more attention owing to reduction of both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. The free-piston engine generator is a new energy conversion with compact structure, multifuel combustion mode possibility, and less friction loss, and it can be applied to a variety of renewable fuels. This study investigated the effect of operating parameters on power generation and motion characteristics for free-piston engine generator. A test bench and a detailed and validated numerical model of the free-piston engine generator were presented. Results show that with the increase of the average velocity, the output power root mean square (RMS) and efficiency of the generator gradually increase. The output power RMS grows rapidly, whereas the generator efficiency gradually stabilizes. Under the same average velocity but different strokes and frequencies, the generator power and efficiency are the same. This result means that the multiple-point operating condition can achieve the same output power and generator efficiency goals. Moreover, the optimal operating conditions can be selected comprehensively, considering factors such as fuel properties, combustion efficiency, and performance. The influence of the generator on motion characteristics of the system under pure resistive load and high-frequency operation should be noted.

Carbon emission trading, technological progress, synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions in China

This study introduces three production technology shocks (Energy manufactures, Brown enterprises, and Green enterprises) by constructing different models, namely, the environment sector (baseline) model, the carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) model, and the carbon emissions rights trading mechanism. The fluctuation trend of China's macroeconomic and environmental quality before and after the establishment of carbon market is compared and analyzed. Additionally, the study examines the welfare of the implementation of carbon market policies. The carbon trading market policy can promote the synergistic efficiency of China's pollution reduction and carbon reduction using energy and green production technologies. From the perspective of social welfare, the optimal range of the initial carbon quota ratio issued by the government to enterprises is [0.7,0.8]. The findings of this study provide theoretical support and contribute toward understanding the impact mechanisms of carbon market and technological progress on synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in China.

Experimental studies of air ozonization influence on pollutants emission in vortex ignition-stabilizing modules of gas turbine combustion chambers

Reduction of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere is an urgent task of modern gas turbine engineering development. Such substances that have a negative impact on the environment include nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. The article provides a review of the existing methods for reducing the emissions of pollutants used in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the combustion chambers of gas turbine units, as well as indicates promising technologies developed based on these methods. Justification is presented of the necessity to study the method of ozonization of air supplied to the fuel combustion zone to reduce the content of pollutants in its combustion products. The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations for reducing pollutant emissions within a given range of variations regime parameters. To perform the necessary set of experimental studies, a specialized laboratory stand was created, the combined circuit and measurement scheme of which is given in the article. A rather detailed description is given of the structural elements of the stand and, in particular, of the subject of research — a full-scale vortex ignitionstabilizing module of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine unit, an electric ozonator, air and combustible gas supply systems, an exhaust system with a central fan, control and measuring instruments and fittings. The tests were carried out in accordance with specially developed methods of controlling the stand operation in three modes: startup; transfer from one steady-state mode to another; stop. The influence of air ozonization on combustion processes in the vortex ignition-stabilizing module was determined by the content of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in it. The factors that influence the decrease in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the combustion products during the combustion of air in ozonized air have been determined. The methods of calculation determination of combustible gas and air parameters — mass flow rates, flow velocities and dynamic heads — are described. The results of the performed experimental studies are presented in graphical interpretation, their detailed analysis is given, on the basis of which recommendations on practical use of the method of air ozonization are given.

Can Low-Carbon City Pilot Policies Reduce Environmental Pollution? Evidence From Prefecture-Level Data in China

Based on the second batch of low-carbon city pilot policies in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment, this study adopts the panel data of 212 cities in China from 2007 to 2017, and uses the difference-in-differences model (DID) to carry out a policy evaluation of the pollution reduction and emission reduction effects of the low-carbon pilot policies and further analyzes the transmission mechanism. Based on the DID method, the actual impacts of the government's low-carbon call policy and low-carbon governance policy on the urban ecological environment are examined. It is found that compared with non-pilot cities, low-carbon governance construction in low-carbon pilot cities significantly reduces pollutant emissions in the region. Analysis of the transmission mechanism reveals that urban low-carbon governance strengthens the strength of environmental policies and reduces urban carbon and pollutant emissions through the low-carbon treatment of urban waste and the low-carbon industrial structure. The test of regional heterogeneity found that the effect of pollution reduction and emission reduction is more significant in the eastern cities, high population concentrated cities and more economically developed cities. The results are still significant after replacing the explanatory variables with sulphur dioxide content and excluding extreme outliers. Therefore, the emission reduction policy has a significant contribution to improving the urban environment and reducing pollution emissions.

Money talks: How financial constraint influence corporate environmental behavior prioritization

Financial constraints (FCs) have a well-documented impact on corporate environmental behavior (CEB), including increasing pollution emissions and hindering green innovation. However, the prioritization of these tasks especially under regulatory pressure remains an unexplored area. This study investigates how FCs affect CEB, the priority of different tasks, and the moderating role of environmental regulation (ER). The findings show that: (1) FCs lead to higher pollutant emissions, particularly in small firms, and fewer green innovations, particularly in large firms; (2) with the rise of FCs level, small companies are more likely to shift to passive CEB choices combining higher pollution emissions and lower green innovation than large firms; (3) ER increases short-term compliance pressure and reduces pollution emissions for financially constrained companies, but also reduces green innovation. This research offers a detailed comprehension of how financial factors influence a company's strategic decision-making with regards to environmental practices.

Does patent pledge reduce pollution and carbon emissions? Evidence from China

The existing literature has extensively examined the impact of green innovations, such as patents, on pollution and carbon emissions. However, there has been comparatively less emphasis on the debt financing of green innovation by using patents as collateral. This oversight may have implications for the realization of pollution and carbon emissions reduction goals. Using a natural experiment based on the patent pledge pilot policy in China, this study investigates the impact of patent pledge on pollution and carbon emissions. We find that a significant reduction in the emissions of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide attributable to the patent pledge pilot policy, particularly in cities with lower initial green patent rates, and these results still hold after an array of robustness checks. We show that the encouragement of green innovation and the stimulation of environmental entrepreneurship are the mechanisms underlying these emission reduction effects. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the impact of patent pledges on emission reduction is more pronounced in cities characterized by higher levels of government-reported environmental concern, public engagement in environmentally related searches, pollution information transparency indices, and green development evaluation indices.

Spatio-temporal effects of digital inclusive finance on the synergy between CO2 and air pollution emissions in 251 Chinese cities.

Achieving the synergistic reduction of CO2 and air pollution emissions (SRCAPEs) holds great significance in promoting the green transformation. However, limited research has been conducted on the spatio-temporal impact of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on the synergy between CO2 and air pollution emissions (SCAPEs). To address this gap, we comprehensively employ the linear regression model, geographically and the temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model, and the ordered probit model to empirically analyze the influence of DIF on SCAPE. Our research reveals the following: (1) The linear regression model demonstrates that, on average, DIF can achieve a weak synergistic emission reduction effect. This result remains robust after a battery of robustness tests. (2) The GTWR model reveals that the impact of DIF on both emissions exhibits evident spatio-temporal characteristics. Its emission reduction effect gradually increases, especially after 2014. (3) On the basis of the estimates from the GTWR model, we can identify four distinct synergy types driven by DIF. The number of cities with the preferred type (i.e., achieving SRCAPE) increases the most, from 59 in 2011 to 233 in 2019. (4) On the basis of the built ordered probit models, green technology innovation is an important path for DIF to achieve synergistic emission reduction. The synergistic emission reduction effect is also significantly moderated by the regional economic level and environmental regulation intensity. Our findings have policy implications for central and local governments in achieving SRCAPE and support efforts to achieve sustainable development.

Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources on CO2 Emission: Empirical Evidence from SAARC

When assessing sustainability performance, researchers often ignore the implications of combining energy, economic, and environmental factors. To address this void, we assess the consequence of energy dis-aggregation proceeding carbon emissions in SAARC nations. The majority of energy resources are renewable and non-renewable, which contributes to a rise in carbon dioxide emissions. This study aims to provide a thorough understanding of the energy utilization dioxide emissions nexus. The panel data sets covering the period 1971-2020 for the SAARC nations have been used for analysis. The data set was used to assess the effect of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on emissions of carbon dioxide by factoring in other CO2-producing variables such as urbanization, primary and secondary education, globalization, and economic development. Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) was used to examine the connection. According to research comparing the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption upon Carbon dioxide emission, whereas non-renewable energy consumption increases CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption decreases them. Urbanization, globalization, primary education, and economic growth increase carbon emissions, while secondary education contributes to environmental quality improvement via CO2 reduction. Therefore, increasing the usage of renewable energy and enhancing awareness through higher education may help SAARC nations to reduce pollution emissions.