CO2 Pollutant Emissions Research Articles

Experimental study on the pollutant emissions of premixed ammonia/methane/air flame within porous burner

In the present study, premixed ammonia-methane combustion within a two-layer porous burner was investigated experimentally in order to evaluate the pollutant emissions. The effects of alumina spheres diameter, equivalence ratio and ammonia fraction on the flame stability limits, CO and NO pollutant emissions were considered. The tests were performed for equivalence ratios from 0.8 to 1, ammonia fraction from 20% to 80% and a range of alumina spheres diameters from 5 to 40 mm. Measurements illustrated that increasing the equivalence ratio improved the flame stability limits regardless of ammonia fraction while flame stability limits decreased with increasing the ammonia fraction. Results indicated that for the mixtures with ammonia content less than 50%, increasing ammonia fraction caused increase in NO emission regardless to the equivalence ratio, while for mixtures with ammonia fractions higher than 50%, the NO emission decreased slightly as ammonia content increased. Meanwhile, with increasing the ammonia fraction, CO concentration decreased at examined equivalence ratios. It was found that increasing equivalence ratio increased the NO emission, while CO concentration decreased as equivalence ratio increased. Measurements proved that decreasing the diameter of alumina spheres caused decrease of NO and CO quantities regardless to equivalence ratio.

Extraction of biodiesel from vegetable waste hydrolysates and evaluation of its engine performance and emission characteristics.

Recently, microbial oil has become one of the promising next-generation feedstocks for producing biodiesel. While microbial oil can be extracted from different sources, there is only limited work on microbial production from fruits and vegetables. In this work, biodiesel was extracted through a two-step process: microbial conversion of vegetable waste into microbial oil using Lipomyces starkeyi, followed by transesterification of microbial oil into biodiesel. The lipid accumulation, composition of microbial oil, and the fuel properties of biodiesel were evaluated. The microbial oil consisted mainly of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1, which were close to the properties of palm oil. The fuel properties of biodiesel comply with the EN14214:2012 standard. Thus, the vegetable waste can be a good biodiesel feedstock. Three blends (MOB10, MOB20 and MOB30 with 10, 20, and 30% of biodiesel) were tested for engine performance and emission characteristics in a 3.5kW VCR research engine. At full load, MOB20 reduced the pollutant emissions of CO and HC by 47.8% and 33.2% with the penalty of increased NOx by 3.9%, while BTE reduced by 0.8% with the increased BSFC by 5.2%. Thus, the addition of vegetable waste biodiesel blends reduced the emissions of CO and HC significantly with slight reduction of brake thermal efficiency.

Energy Analysis, Building Energy Index and Energy Management Strategies for Fast-Food Restaurants in Malaysia

Commercial buildings in Malaysia contribute to 35% of the total electricity demand. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy faced a challenging situation that forced many businesses to shut down. However, fast-food restaurants with drive-through features managed to get through this pandemic phase without much effect from the economic impact. Since COVID-19, the operational guidelines have changed for restaurants. However, from an energy perspective, fast–food restaurants are high energy consumers in the retail sector. This paper analyses the load profile of fast-food restaurants and the potential strategies that can be adopted in a free-standing fast-food restaurant. From analysis, it is calculated that a total of RM 97,365.9 of utility savings can be obtained in a year. A total of 91,392.1 kg CO2, 881.8 kg SO2 and 385.5 kg CO pollutant emissions can be reduced. The BEI for the restaurant was reduced to 856.4 kWh/m2/year. By converting to energy-saving strategies, the return on investment was 27.3% and 3.7 years, which is a very short period of time and is attractive for businesses of this nature.

Briquettes from Pinus spp. Residues: Energy Savings and Emissions Mitigation in the Rural Sector

This study analyzes the household energy needs of the indigenous community of San Francisco Pichátaro, Michoacán, Mexico, and the use of Pinus spp. wood residues for the production of briquettes. The energy and emission performances of wood briquettes were evaluated on the field and in the laboratory. On-field surveys and measurements show that most users combine the use of fuelwood and LPG for cooking and heating water, and 65% of people use fuelwood daily (40% of houses consumed more than 39 kg per week). The use of biomass waste is an energy option in rural communities and contributes to reducing firewood consumption and mitigating GHGs. Briquettes gasification to heat water reduces 74% of GHG emissions, increases the thermal efficiency by 30%, and reduces pollutant emissions of CO, CH4, and PM2.5, NMHC, EC, and OC by 50% to 75% compared to a three-stone fire. The use of briquettes on the Patsari stove showed energy savings of 12% and a 36% reduction in CO2e compared to the “U” type open fire. The briquettes could reduce the fuelwood consumption by 318 t/year. It is possible to produce briquettes at a cost similar to or cheaper than fuelwood and generate a local market (circular economy) with local benefits.

Methodology To Reduce Diesel Engine Pollutant Emissions

Due to the climate change and health issues, more restrictive legislations concerning the pollutant emissions of diesel engines take place in the worldwide. A novel approach to reduce the pollutant emissions of CO, NOx and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) in diesel engines is thus proposed. It’s based on fuelling diesel engines by blends of selective additives mixture and the conventional commercial diesel fuel. In order to prove the feasibility of such an approach, blends of additives mixture and a diesel fuel surrogate of n-dodecane and m-xylene are numerically investigated using a homogeneous multi-zones reactor approach and detailed chemistries with covering a wide blending range of air–fuel ratio (AFR) 9.8 – 29.4 and engine speed 1000 - 2000 rpm. The employed mixture of additives reduces considerably the emissions of CO and HC, up to 60%, especially for the rich conditions AFR = 9.8, with generally very slight reduction to NOx emission and decease to the engine produced power for all the blending ratios. The reduction of NOx emission is thus reachable by the accessibility to operate the engine at low compression ratio blending the additives mixture. The proposed approach requests indeed to be validated experimentally and be coupled with other emissions reduction technologies.

Study of the influence of water vapour and carbon dioxide dilution on pollutants emitted by swirled methane/oxygen-enriched air flames

The effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) through the dilution by carbon dioxide and water vapour on methane flames/oxygen-enriched air in the case of the pressurized premixed combustion encountered in gas turbines are studied. The chosen configuration is a confined swirled premixed flame with a constant swirl number (Sn = 0.90). The input parameters are the initial temperature, adiabatic flame temperature, pressure (0.1 MPa), and the flow rates and concentrations of CH4, O2, CO2, H2O and N2. The pollutant emissions of NO and CO were measured at the exit of the combustion chamber and expressed as a volume fraction on dry gas. The gaseous emissions of NOx, CO, CO2 and O2 were measured by a HORIBA PG250 analyser, and in the case of high CO2 dilutions, the CO2 concentration measurements were made using a HORIBA VA-3000 analyser. The pollutant emissions were measured for the two initial temperatures T0 = 373 and 473 K and for the four adiabatic temperatures (1773, 1873, 1973 and 2073 K). Finally, the role of parameters (enrichment, diluent, equivalence ratio) likely to play a part in the production of CO and NO pollutant emissions was analyzed. The influence of the diluent on the emissions is highlighted. Dilution with CO2 decreases NO emissions but leads to an increase in CO. Dilution with water vapour is more attractive since at a constant adiabatic temperature, it leads to lower emissions of CO2, CO and NO.

Was it better or worse? Simulating the environmental and health impacts of emissions trading scheme in Hubei province, China

Given the environmental impacts of co-pollutant emissions such as PM2.5, SO2, and NOx, carbon emissions trading between corporations implemented to fulfill the global goal of mitigating climate change may improve or worsen local air quality and public health. It is therefore necessary to measure the environmental and health impacts between different regions involved in emissions trading scheme (ETS). This study proposed a unifying framework that incorporated a number of models and databases to explore the spatial changes in CO2 emissions due to ETS in Hubei, one of China’s ETS pilots, simulate the distribution of atmospheric co-pollutants on a 3 km × 3 km resolution, and compare the cause-specific mortality attributable to co-pollutants varying in time and cross regions between with and without the ETS. The simulation shows that in general the ETS improved air quality in large parts of Hubei, as indicated by the notable decline in both PM2.5 concentrations and the proportion of heavily polluted areas throughout Hubei. However, an increase in PM2.5 concentrations after the implementation of ETS was observed in some areas of major cities, such as Wuhan, Xiaogan, Ezhou, Huangshi and Yichang, resulting in negative impacts on human health locally. The findings could assist policymakers in better understanding the complex impacts of ETS on environmental and human health, therefore serving as a useful reference for interregional efforts to speed up the development of China’s ETS.

A comparative exploration of thermal, radiative and pollutant emission characteristics of oil burner flame using palm oil biodiesel-diesel blend fuel and diesel fuel

The lack of petroleum resources and environmental problems of petroleum fuels have led to growing interest in biodiesel fuels. This study compares diesel fuel and palm oil biodiesel-diesel blend fuel in terms of their effect on the thermal, radiative and pollutant emission characteristics of the flame of an oil burner. The blend fuel consisted of diesel fuel and palm oil biodiesel, which was synthesized by transesterification reaction. In the experiments, the same mass flow rates of B20 palm oil biodiesel-diesel blend fuel and diesel fuel were separately combusted in a laboratory furnace. Then, we measured the flame temperature, the total and luminous radiations of the flame and the concentrations of CO and NOx pollutant emissions. The results indicate that the blend fuel, compared with diesel fuel, produces a voluminous flame. Further, although the flame of blend fuel has a lower temperature than diesel fuel flame does, blend fuel produces a higher concentration of intermediate soot particles in the flame reaction zone. This phenomenon, in comparison with the case of diesel fuel, increases the IR wavelengths emitted from flame and enhances the average radiation heat transfer of flame from 2080 to 5094 W/m2. Also, the use of blend fuel instead of diesel fuel enhances the luminosity of flame and decreases the NOx emission significantly from 33 to 11 ppm.

Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine

Growing interest has arisen to adopt Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for automotive engines due to the need to fulfill the pollutant emission regulations. Several VVT strategies, such as the exhaust re-opening and the late exhaust closing, can be used to achieve an increment in the after-treatment upstream temperature by increasing the residual gas amount. In this study, a one-dimensional gas dynamics engine model has been used to simulate several VVT strategies and develop a control system to actuate over the valves timing in order to increase diesel oxidation catalyst efficiency and reduce the exhaust pollutant emissions. A transient operating conditions comparison, taking the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) as a reference, has been done by analyzing fuel economy, HC and CO pollutant emissions levels. The results conclude that the combination of an early exhaust and a late intake valve events leads to a 20% reduction in CO emissions with a fuel penalty of 6% over the low speed stage of the WLTC, during the warm-up of the oxidation catalyst. The same set-up is able to reduce HC emissions down to 16% and NOx emission by 13%.

Energy Demand in the State of Kuwait During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Technical, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives

The present paper reports the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the electricity peak load and power generation in the State of Kuwait during the partial and full curfews imposed in March, April and May 2020 using historic data measured data and the predictions provided by a statistical genetic algorithm model. A quantitative assessment is made of the economic and environmental impacts caused by partial and full lockdowns. Comparison of measured peak demand for 2019 and 2020 with predicted peak demand for 2020 has: (i) enabled an accurate evaluation of residential energy consumption in the state of Kuwait at nearly 18 MWh yearly the highest energy consumption per capita in the world, (ii) shown that the imposition of the curfews to reduce the spread of COVID-19 caused a fall in the demand for electrical power of 17.6% compared with the expected demand and (iii) quantified the reduction in CO2, NOx and CO pollutant emissions produced by power plants due to less fuel being consumed. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the peak electric load in the national grid according to climatic data supplied by the Meteorological Department of Civil Aviation of Kuwait and National Control Center (NCC).

The effect of injection pressure on the thermal performance and emission characteristics of an oil burner operating on B20 palm oil biodiesel-diesel blend fuel

The present work investigates the effect of injection pressure of B20 palm oil biodiesel-diesel blend fuel on the thermal performance and emission characteristics of an oil burner. The fuels were sprayed by a 60-degree hollow-cone nozzle, which was 200 µm in diameter. The parameters measured were axial temperature of flame, total radiation and luminosity of flame and concentrations of CO2, CO and NOx pollutant emissions. The results indicate that increase in pressure of injection causes the flame to take the form of a cone, which grows in width and shrinks in length. This decreases the flame penetration length and makes a voluminous flame with larger flame reaction zone. Furthermore, increase in injection pressure decreases the size of the fuel droplets and enhances the mixing rate, which raises both the temperature and the total radiation of flame and reduces the emissions of CO and soot particles. Finally, although the concentration of NOx emission is increased by pressure of injection, it is lower than the standard value even at high pressures of injection.

Impacto del Ecodriving sobre las emisiones y consumo de combustible en una ruta de Quito

Este artículo presenta los resultados del impacto del ecodriving en el consumo de combustible y los factores de emisión de gases contaminantes de un vehículo a gasolina al efectuar una prueba en ruta, en la ciudad de Quito ubicada a 2810 msnm. Se seleccionó una ruta con tráfico validada por el Centro de Transferencia Tecnológica para la Capacitación e Investigación de Control de Emisiones Vehiculares (CCICEV). Como vehículo de pruebas se utilizó un Aveo Family por ser el de mayor venta en la ciudad. Para la medición del consumo de combustible y la concentración de emisiones los equipos utilizados fueron un analizador de gases onboard y un canister. Se determinó la fiabilidad de los datos y el éxito de la experimentación mediante el software STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en el consumo de combustible y las emisiones contaminantes de CO y NOx al aplicar una conducción eficiente, a excepción de los HC en los cuales no hay una diferencia significativa, pero la emisión es menor en conducción normal para este caso.

The co-pollutant cost of carbon emissions: an analysis of the US electric power generation sector

Fossil fuel combustion releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere along with co-pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and others. These emissions result in environmental externalities primarily in terms of climate and air quality. Here we quantify the cost of co-pollutant emissions per ton of CO2 emissions from US electric power generation. We measure the co-pollutant cost of carbon (CPCC) as the total value of statistical life associated with US-based premature mortalities attributable to co-pollutant emissions, per mass of CO2. We find an average CPCC of ∼$45 per metric ton (mt) of CO2 for the year 2011 (in 2017 USD). This is ∼20% higher than the central Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) measure of climate damages that was used by the Obama administration in its regulatory impact analysis for the Clean Power Plan (CPP), and >8 times higher than the SCC used by the Trump administration in its analysis for the Plan’s repeal. At the state-level, the CPCC ranged from ∼$7/mt CO2 for Arizona to ∼$96/mt CO2 for New Jersey. We calculate the CPCC trends from 2002 to 2017 and find a 71% decrease at the national level, contributing to total savings of ∼$1 trillion in averted mortality from power plant emissions over this period. By decomposing the aggregate and fuel-specific co-pollutant intensities into simultaneous (CO2-driven) and autonomous components, we conclude that the CPCC trends originated mainly from targeted efforts to reduce co-pollutant emissions, e.g. through fuel switching (from coal to natural gas) and autonomous changes in co-pollutant emissions. The results suggest that the overall benefit to society from policies to curtail carbon emissions may be enhanced by focusing on pollution sources where the associated air-quality co-benefits are greatest. At the same time, continued efforts to reduce co-pollutant intensities, if technologically feasible, could help to mitigate the air-quality damages of the CPP’s repeal and replacement.

Climate Change Mitigation, Air Pollution, and Environmental Justice in California.

Climate change mitigation policies can have significant co-benefits for air quality, including benefits to disadvantaged communities experiencing substantial air pollution. However, the effects of these mitigation policies have rarely been evaluated with respect to their influence on disadvantaged communities. Here we assess the air pollution and environmental justice implications of California's cap-and-trade mitigation program through analysis of (1) the sources of air pollution in disadvantaged communities, (2) emissions-reduction offset usage under the cap-and-trade program, and (3) the relationship between reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and reductions in co-pollutant emissions. Our analysis suggests that the cap-and-trade program has limited impacts, including limited disproportionate impacts, on air quality in disadvantaged communities. The sources of most air pollution in these communities have not been subject to the cap-and-trade program, and the use of emissions-reduction offsets is only marginally higher in disadvantaged communities thanin other communities. Furthermore, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions imply smaller proportional reductions in co-pollutant emissions. While climate policies lead to important air quality co-benefits in some contexts, especially through reduced coal usage, targeted air quality policies and regulations may be more effective for reducing air pollution in disadvantaged communities in California and throughout the state.

Carbon trading, co-pollutants, and environmental equity: Evidence from California's cap-and-trade program (2011-2015).

BackgroundPolicies to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can yield public health benefits by also reducing emissions of hazardous co-pollutants, such as air toxics and particulate matter. Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities are typically disproportionately exposed to air pollutants, and therefore climate policy could also potentially reduce these environmental inequities. We sought to explore potential social disparities in GHG and co-pollutant emissions under an existing carbon trading program—the dominant approach to GHG regulation in the US and globally.Methods and findingsWe examined the relationship between multiple measures of neighborhood disadvantage and the location of GHG and co-pollutant emissions from facilities regulated under California’s cap-and-trade program—the world’s fourth largest operational carbon trading program. We examined temporal patterns in annual average emissions of GHGs, particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds, and air toxics before (January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012) and after (January 1, 2013–December 31, 2015) the initiation of carbon trading. We found that facilities regulated under California’s cap-and-trade program are disproportionately located in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods with higher proportions of residents of color, and that the quantities of co-pollutant emissions from these facilities were correlated with GHG emissions through time. Moreover, the majority (52%) of regulated facilities reported higher annual average local (in-state) GHG emissions since the initiation of trading. Neighborhoods that experienced increases in annual average GHG and co-pollutant emissions from regulated facilities nearby after trading began had higher proportions of people of color and poor, less educated, and linguistically isolated residents, compared to neighborhoods that experienced decreases in GHGs. These study results reflect preliminary emissions and social equity patterns of the first 3 years of California’s cap-and-trade program for which data are available. Due to data limitations, this analysis did not assess the emissions and equity implications of GHG reductions from transportation-related emission sources. Future emission patterns may shift, due to changes in industrial production decisions and policy initiatives that further incentivize local GHG and co-pollutant reductions in disadvantaged communities.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine social disparities in GHG and co-pollutant emissions under an existing carbon trading program. Our results indicate that, thus far, California’s cap-and-trade program has not yielded improvements in environmental equity with respect to health-damaging co-pollutant emissions. This could change, however, as the cap on GHG emissions is gradually lowered in the future. The incorporation of additional policy and regulatory elements that incentivize more local emission reductions in disadvantaged communities could enhance the local air quality and environmental equity benefits of California’s climate change mitigation efforts.

Prices Versus Quantities Versus Hybrids in the Presence of Co-pollutants

We investigate the optimal regulation of a pollutant given its abatement interaction with another pollutant under asymmetric information about firms’ abatement costs. We take a policy-relevant, second-best approach by assuming that the co-pollutant is regulated exogenously, but perhaps not efficiently. Our focus is on optimal policy choice in this setting, and we derive rules for determining whether a pollutant should be regulated with an emissions tax, an emissions market, or a market with price controls, given the regulation of its co-pollutant. We find that the policy choice for a pollutant is unaffected by its interaction with a co-pollutant that is controlled with a fixed number of tradable permits, because changes in emissions of the primary pollutant do not affect aggregate emissions of the co-pollutant. However, when a co-pollutant is controlled with a tax, the policy choice for the primary pollutant must account for its effect on expected co-pollutant damage through changes in the variance of co-pollutant emissions. Consequently, standard conclusions about the environmental policy choice problem must be modified in this case. Our results have important implications for designing policies for greenhouse gases under uncertainty.

Black carbon, organic carbon, and co-pollutant emissions and energy efficiency from artisanal brick production in Mexico

Abstract. In many parts of the developing world and economies in transition, small-scale traditional brick kilns are a notorious source of urban air pollution. Many are both energy inefficient and burn highly polluting fuels that emit significant levels of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and other atmospheric pollutants into local communities, resulting in severe health and environmental impacts. However, only a very limited number of studies are available on the emission characteristics of brick kilns; thus, there is a need to characterize their gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emission factors to better assess their overall contribution to emissions inventories and to quantify their ecological, human health, and climate impacts. In this study, the fuel-, energy-, and brick-based emissions factors and time-based emission ratios of BC, OC, inorganic PM components, CO, SO2, CH4, NOx, and selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from three artisanal brick kilns with different designs in Mexico were quantified using the tracer ratio sampling technique. Simultaneous measurements of PM components, CO, and CO2 were also obtained using a sampling probe technique. Additional measurements included the internal temperature of the brick kilns, mechanical resistance of bricks produced, and characteristics of fuels employed. Average fuel-based BC emission factors ranged from 0.15 to 0.58 g (kg fuel)−1, whereas BC∕OC mass ratios ranged from 0.9 to 5.2, depending on the kiln type. The results show that both techniques capture similar temporal profiles of the brick kiln emissions and produce comparable emission factors. A more integrated inter-comparison of the brick kilns' performances was obtained by simultaneously assessing emissions factors, energy efficiency, fuel consumption, and the quality of the bricks produced.

Optimal factors estimation for diesel/methanol engines changing methanol injection timing and inlet air temperature

Abstract Methanol has been injected at the intake port with heated inlet air in a diesel engine. In the meantime, the Taguchi methodology was adopted to estimate the optimal methanol-energy-share ratio, methanol injection timing, and inlet air temperature. The injection timing and the quantity of methanol were controlled by an ECU (electronic control unit) on an electronic injector. The inlet air temperature was raised by an electric heater. The authors estimate the optimal combination of factors for larger brake thermal efficiency ( η b ), smaller smoke, NOX, HC and CO pollutant emissions for different loads. In addition, net heat release rate is obtained by the measured in-cylinder pressure data. Comparison of between the optimal combination of factors and original conventional diesel engine is made by η b , smoke, NOX, HC, CO and net heat release rate. Carrying out the confirmation tests can show that the predictions of the Taguchi methodology agree with the confirmation tests in the 95% confidence level. For the optimum combinations of factors, the maximum decrease percentage is 41.5% for smoke emission, 61.7% for NOX, 8.6% for HC emission, and 32.4% for CO emission.

Gearing carbon trading towards environmental co-benefits in China: Measurement model and policy implications

Given the local effects of co-pollutant emissions, the trading of carbon dioxide emissions between facilities to meet global objectives may improve or worsen local air quality and public health. To gear carbon trading toward maximum environmental co-benefits, a quantitative model based on facility-level carbon dioxide emissions, air pollution dispersion and concentration-response functions is proposed and applied to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to quantify potential changes of local public health caused by carbon dioxide transactions. The results show that the polluters with the highest Population Health Damage Intensity (PHDI) are medium-sized facilities, because larger facilities either employ more effective pollutant control technologies or are located farther away from densely populated areas. Using this modeling framework, key facilities, sectors and regions can be identified for maximizing the environmental co-benefits from introduction of carbon market and avoiding undesirable environmental damage.

Experimental study of dual n-butanol and iso-butanol additives on spark-ignition engine performance and emissions

The effect of using dual alcohols (n-butanol and iso-butanol) blended into gasoline fuel on spark-ignition (SI) engine performance and pollutant emissions is experimentally investigated. Three blend rates are applied (3, 7 and 10vol.% iso-butanol and n-butanol) as well as the neat gasoline as a base fuel; such dual blends are thought the first of their kind in internal combustion engines. The engine performance (brake power, BP, torque, Tq, volumetric efficiency, VE, pressure inside cylinder, P, and exhaust gas temperature, EGT) and pollutant emissions of CO, UHC (unburned hydrocarbons) and CO2 were examined at engine speeds of 2600–3400r/min for each blend rate and base fuel. In addition, engine performance and pollutant emissions of dual alcohols/gasoline blends were compared with those of single alcohol/gasoline blends, e.g., iso-butanol–gasoline and n-butanol–gasoline blends. Results demonstrate a higher performance and lower emissions when engine operated with dual alcohols/gasoline blends, compared to single ones. Dual alcohols with 10vol.% of n-butanol/iso-butanol blended in gasoline monitored the best performance and emissions among all the fuel blends (single or dual alcohols). However, results showed also a decrease in VE, BP, Tq, P and EGT when engine operated with the dual alcohols compared to base fuel. Nevertheless, performance of the dual alcohols can exceed those of the base fuel by increasing the blend rate value. Besides, dual alcohols burn cleaner than regular gasoline and produce slighter CO, CO2 and UHC pollutants by about 4.3%, 40% and 11%, respectively, compared to base fuel.