Political Science Research Articles

A perspective of history-themed curricula on the development of historical and democratic consciousness in Turkiye

The concept of historical and democratic consciousness in Turkiye is approached in a multi-layered manner. These layers consist of a structure in which many factors such as historical process, social structure, education system, political developments, and cultural factors play a role. History lessons and curriculum focus on how younger generations are introduced to history and the effects of this introduction on democratic consciousness. In this context, it is essential how history-themed curricula address democratic values to understand historical and democratic consciousness. This study aims to discuss how historical and democratic consciousness is shaped, changed, and transformed through education. The authors analyzed the curricula related to history taught at the elementary, secondary, and high school levels by using Wodak's critical discourse analysis. The data reveals themes such as ideological and political effects in history curricula, curriculum change and its effects, the curriculum's approach to multiculturalism, and the reflections of ethnic and religious diversity on the curriculum. Findings point that Turkish nationalism has a significant impact on democratic consciousness throughout historical development. In the history of Turkish democracy, the idea of gaining democratic consciousness through a history-teaching approach that emphasizes participatory democracy in the historical process and carries the traces of liberal democracy with an understanding of developmental democracy comes to the forefront.

The Intersection of Sports Rehabilitation, Disability Law, And Technological Innovations: A Political Evolution and Scientific Innovation of Legal Protections for Athletes with Disabilities in India, The UK, And The US

The intersection of sports rehabilitation and disability law is crucial in ensuring that athletes, including those recovering from sports-related injuries, have access to equitable rehabilitation services. In particular, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States provides a legal framework to protect athletes with disabilities, including those who have sustained injuries that lead to long-term or permanent impairments. This paper explores the application of disability laws in sports rehabilitation, focusing on the ADA in the United States, as well as corresponding legal frameworks in India and the UK. It examines how these laws ensure that athletes with disabilities receive the necessary accommodations and support to recover and return to their sports. By analyzing key cases, legislation, and regulations, this paper highlights the challenges and opportunities for providing accessible rehabilitation services to athletes with disabilities in both developed and developing contexts. Sports injuries often result in long-term disabilities that require specialized rehabilitation, but athletes with disabilities face unique challenges in accessing equitable care. This paper explores the intersection of sports rehabilitation and disability law, analyzing how legal frameworks in India, the UK, and the US ensure accessibility and accommodation for athletes recovering from sports-related injuries. The paper delves into key laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD) in India, and the Equality Act 2010 in the UK, highlighting their impact on ensuring equal opportunities in rehabilitation for athletes with disabilities. Drawing on case studies and legal precedents, the paper examines the challenges, opportunities, and gaps in implementing these laws within sports rehabilitation settings. The aim is to provide an in-depth understanding of the current legal protections and propose recommendations to enhance accessibility and inclusion for athletes with disabilities in sports rehabilitation. By including political science and computer science, this broader perspective allows for an exploration of Political Science and how national policies, legal protections, and political advocacy shape the rehabilitation and inclusion of athletes with disabilities in sports, and how these laws intersect with issues of disability rights, funding, and access to sports facilities and Computer Science as how emerging technologies like wearable devices, AI, virtual reality, and data analytics are transforming sports rehabilitation, and how these technologies can support the implementation of disability laws and policies.

The Border as a Political Space and its Economic Correlate: The Case of McMahon Line

The border as a political space involves the issues of identity, territory and sovereignty. The political undercurrent in the border discourse makes conflict a permanent category. It becomes a contested space involving the interests of two opposing nations fighting over the determinacy of the border space. In this regard, the McMahon Line, named after the foreign secretary and negotiator of the 1914 Shimla Convention, Henry McMahon, constituted an 890 km boundary from Bhutan to Burma between Tibet and British India in the eastern Himalayan region. The Shimla Convention was attended by Henry McMahon (British India), Lonchen Shatra (Tibet) and Ivan Chen (China) to determine Tibet’s sovereignty. The exercise ended in an aporia. The political developments that took place following the Chinese annexation of Tibet and the Sino-Indian War in 1962 complicated the border politics between India and China. Therefore, this article discusses the political dimensions of the McMahon Line and explores the cross-border economic engagement with China at Kenzamane (Zemithang Circle) and Bum La in Tawang District, Gelling (Kepangla Pass), Upper Siang District, Mechuka (Lolla Pass) and Monigong (Dumla Pass), West Siang District and Kibithoo, Anjaw District of Arunachal Pradesh, India, to transform the political territoriality of border space into an economic one. Through the mediation of economy and trade participation, this transformative act is assumed to change the perception of border space from a restrictive to a participatory one. The economy may emerge as a catalyst to initiate peace between two contesting countries.

Researches of holocaust and national collective memory in Baltic region

This was the title of the international scientific conference organised at Vytautas Magnus University on 17–18 May 2002. Organisers of the conference were the Faculty of Humanities, the Genocide Victims Rescue Research Centre, the Institute of Political Science and Diplomacy, and the Centre for European Studies. The Soviet regime, both in the pre–war Bialystok Voivodeship, in western Belarus, and in Lithuania (and, we might add, in Latvia and in the western Ukraine as well), extremely complicated the relationship of the mainstream ethnic community with the minorities, particularly the Jews. The Soviet years further emphasised national stereotypes and facilitated the motivation of the Holocaust: in recent years, the theory of two genocides has emerged and flourished, and, as we have seen, not only in Lithuania. This theory has become a feature of the lives of many people who lived through the Soviet era, however briefly.

The Role of Ethnic Leaders in the Political Developments of Afghanistan During the Republic Period (2001-2021)

Research problem: This article examines the role of ethnic leaders in Afghanistan's political developments during the Republic period (2001-2021) and highlights their influence in various areas. Ethnic leaders, representing diverse ethnic groups in Afghanistan, played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape and balancing traditional power structures with modern state institutions. Methodology: Based on data collected through semi-structured interviews, this research was coded, categorized, and analyzed using grounded theory. Key findings: Ethnic leaders' footprints can be observed in most of the country's political, economic, and social transformations and challenges in recent decades. Corruption, factionalism, ongoing insurgencies, financial dependency on foreign aid, and the illegal drug trade were among the major issues that weakened the Afghan government, problems directly linked to ethnic leaders' actions. Implications: This study concludes that sustainable economic development, good governance, democracy, and genuine political reforms are essential for political stability in Afghanistan. Its findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Afghanistan’s political complexities and offer insights into nation-building and resolving both national and international conflicts.

Election Promise Tracking: Extending the Shelf Life of Democracy in Digital Journalism Practice and Scholarship

ABSTRACT While global fact-checking practice pivots away from its political origins towards debunking projects for platform partners, the subfield of election promise tracking provides an interesting counterpoint. Little scholarly attention has been paid to the international rise and significance of Campaign Pledge Evaluation Tools (CPETs), which are digital platforms that directly inform voters about the fulfilment of election campaign promises throughout the political term. This article therefore asks: How do the routines and boundaries of journalism shape CPETs that are created and operated by fact-checkers? Analysis of interviews with fact-checkers and political scientists involved in researching, designing, and producing Australia’s RMIT ABC Promise Tracker demonstrates that election promise tracking is a subset of fact-checking that remains committed to the normative values and traditions of public interest journalism through information provision with a clear democratic aim and outcome.

Sprawozdanie z projektu „Wolontariat polskiej młodzieży na rzecz polskiego dziedzictwa na Łotwie” realizowanego w dniach od 11 do 14 grudnia 2024 roku w ramach wyjazdu studyjnego studentów Wydziału Politologii i Dziennikarstwa UMCS w Lublinie na Łotwę

Report on the project “Volunteering of Polish youth for Polish heritage in Latvia” carried out from 11 to 14 December 2024 as part of the study trip of students of the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin to Latvia

Wincenty Witos – mąż stanu i przywódca ruchu ludowego. Sprawozdanie z Konferencji naukowo edukacyjna poświęconej Wincentemu Witosowi w 150. rocznicę urodzin. Wydział Politologii i Dziennikarstwa UMCS, 7 listopada 2024 roku

Wincenty Witos – statesman and leader of the people's movement. Report from the scientific and educational conference dedicated to Wincenty Witos on the 150th anniversary of his birth. Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, November 7, 2024

Echoes of Liberation: Mujibur Rahman’s Enduring Legacy in Bangladesh’s Contemporary Political Tapestry

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975) played a pivotal role in shaping Bangladesh’s political landscape during its liberation movement. This paper examines the contested legacy of his political vision in the context of Bangladesh’s current political scenario. Mujib’s vision for modern Bangladesh is rooted in four core principles: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy, which remain foundational values in the country’s Constitution, despite numerous challenges. The study explores how Mujib’s concept of Bengali nationalism has evolved over the last five decades amidst internal and external challenges, including communal, extremist, and ethnic tensions in the context of South Asian and global politics. In August 2024, a student-led uprising led to the fall of the Awami League government under Mujib’s daughter, Sheikh Hasina. This uprising sparked significant discontent among political activists in Bangladesh regarding Mujib’s legacy. However, this paper argues that underlying values shared by Mujib’s vision and the goals of the uprising, particularly a commitment to liberal political ideals, are evident. The objectives of the new regime seeking to “reconstitute” Bangladesh can be traced back to Mujib’s foundational vision of a modern nation. By analyzing the connection between Mujib’s legacy and contemporary political developments, the paper seeks to enhance the understanding of Bangladesh’s political trajectory. The study is based on content analysis of reliable primary and secondary texts, including statements by leaders of the July 2024 uprising. The primary aim is to explore the relevance of Mujib’s ideals in today’s political landscape and identify common aspects between his political vision and current trends in Bangladesh’s political environment.

Character of the Atheist Propaganda in Lithuania in 1975 to 1988

In reference to archival documentation of the Soviet institutions, official press publications and bibliographical indexes, the article reviews trends of the atheist propaganda in Lithuania during the last decades of the Soviet regime, and also attempts to point out its particularity in comparison to the atheistic indoctrination performed in Lithuania earlier. It was tried to identify the impact to the atheist propaganda in Lithuania by both, common trends of political development for the entire Soviet Union (after the death of Leonid Brezhnev, started was the course for restoration of the ideological discipline), and by specific local conditions (strengthening movement of believers' rights, commemoration of the dates important in history of Christianity in Lithuania). Analysis of atheist publications in the periodical press, and quantity of the non-periodical publications gives presumption that after the conditional decrease at the end of the Leonid Brezhnev rule the atheist propaganda was again intensified in 1983. Meanwhile, thematic analysis of the atheist literature gives presumption that the main features of atheist activities in Lithuania in 1975 to 1988 were such: most focus was made on the atheist indoctrination of youth; evidently increased the amounts of information about the non-Christian religions; coordination of the atheist and the so-called international education; attempts to give the atheist propaganda a more steady scientific foundation; large amounts of publications which analyzed the role of Christianity in Lithuanian history.

Colonial legacy and contemporary civil violence: a global study from 1960 to 2018

Abstract This study assesses whether the legacy of colonialism continues to influence patterns of civil violence in the contemporary era. A large and established quantitative literature attributes civil violence to low levels of economic development and limited political rights, but few quantitative studies consider whether colonial legacy plays an enduring role in such conflicts. This is surprising given the substantial evidence showing that colonialism impeded long-run development in many parts of the world. Drawing on ideas from macro-comparative sociology, institutional economics, and political science, the study develops several theoretical expectations regarding colonialism’s effect on contemporary civil violence. These ideas are tested with a global sample of 152 countries observed annually from 1960 to 2018. Results from logistic regression models support the contention that (1) post-colonial societies are more prone to civil violence than non-colonized societies, that (2) ex-British colonies are especially prone to ethnic-based civil violence while ex-Spanish colonies are especially prone to socio-economic-based civil violence, and that (3) these historical effects change and evolve but never fully abate. This latter finding implies that elevated levels of civil violence are a path-dependent legacy of colonialism. The study ends by running robustness checks and discussing the theoretical implications of the study’s findings, in particular reflecting on our understanding of the long-run consequences of colonialism.

EMERGENCY ECONOMICS AND THE PROSPECTS OF THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CRISIS SOCIALISM

While the discussion related to political behaviour and decisions during emergency situations has already generated significant debates in political science, the economic implications of government decisions in the midst of such harsh times have been less researched. Crises seem to offer public decision-makers contexts where the allocation of resources become centralized and similar to the functioning of a socialist system. Meanwhile, the ability of society to participate in such a process seems to be significantly reduced because of the specificity of the decision-making process. However, the merits of the resource allocation pertaining to the market system do not vanish even during emergencies. The choice of centralized allocation, while politically viable, does not solve the inescapable scarcity challenge. Also, viable politics needs functional economics, perhaps all the more in extreme situations, hence the normal legal framework and the usual mix of public policies should be allowed to operate and prove their resilience and not be sabotaged through dysfunctional approaches. Therefore, the point made here is that a capitalist system should maintain its core institutions and mechanisms even (more) during abnormal circumstances.

Cognitive and Pragmatic Potential of the Language of Political Leaders

The article focuses on linguistic reference as a crucial process for meaning creation in political discourse. From the perspective of its function in establishing associative connections, influencing the audience's perception, and shaping political reality, linguistic reference is examined. The study covers both a practical examination of the use of references in political documents and speeches and a theoretical investigation of the concepts and forms of references. The roles of reference in influencing public opinion, establishing the speaker's authority, and creating pictures that appeal to the historical and cultural context are all given special consideration. As a methodological foundation, content and discourse analyses enable us to spot trends in reference usage based on the political context and the intended audience. Additionally, the study investigates how explicit and implicit references contribute to the ideological framing of political discourse, reinforcing or challenging dominant narratives. The strategic selection of references can serve as a tool for persuasion, manipulation, or legitimization of certain viewpoints. By analyzing key speeches and documents from various political actors, the research demonstrates how references to history, literature, or shared cultural symbols enhance the persuasive impact of discourse. The findings emphasize the necessity of a critical approach to reference analysis in political communication. This study provides valuable insights for scholars and practitioners in linguistics, political science, rhetoric, and media studies.

Personality analysis for social media users using Arabic language and its effect on sentiment analysis

Social media is heading towards more and more personalization, where individuals reveal their beliefs, interests, habits, and activities, simply offering glimpses into their personality traits. This study, explores the correlation between the use of Arabic language on Twitter, personality traits and its impact on sentiment analysis. We indicated the personality traits of users based on the information extracted from their profile activities, and the content of their tweets. Our analysis incorporated linguistic features (including sentiment, Bag of Words, and TF-IDF), profile statistics (including gender, age, bio, etc.), as well as additional features like emoticons, Hashtag count, mentions count and words count. To obtain personality data, we crawled the timelines and profiles of users who took the 16personalities test in Arabic on 16personalities.com. Our dataset, "AraPers", comprised 3250 users who shared their personality results on Twitter. We implemented various machine learning techniques (including Naïve Bayes, Linear regression, SVM, Random Forest, KNN, Decision Tree, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Feedforward Neural Network, Deep learning, LSTM, and Bert) to reveal personality traits and developed a dedicated model for this purpose, achieving a 74.86% accuracy rate with BERT, analysis of this dataset proved that linguistic features, profile features and derived model can be used to differentiate between different personality traits. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that personality affect sentiment in social media. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in developing robust understanding of the relation between human behaviour on social media and personality features for real-world applications, such as political discourse analysis, and public opinion tracking.

PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITY OF ROMAN YAROSEVYCH

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the parliamentary activity of Roman Yarosevych, a political figure, who represented the interests of Ukrainians in Galicia within the Austrian Parliament. The study covers his role in legislative processes, speeches, and initiatives aimed at defending the rights of the Ukrainian community, criticizing election process violations and abuses by local authorities. The article's aims is to analyze Roman Yarosevych’s parliamentary activity, his speeches, initiatives, and their impact on the political climate of the time. Special attention is given to his speeches in parliament, where he opposed election process violations, violence, and abuses of power. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, scientific rigor, objectivity, and systematic analysis. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specialized historical methods (historical-genetic, historical-systematic) are used. Conclusions. The parliamentary activity of Roman Yarosevych had a significant impact on the political development of the Ukrainian movement in Galicia in the late 19th century. His speeches and initiatives in the Austrian Parliament demonstrate tireless efforts to defend Ukrainian interests and fight for political and social rights. Yarosevych consistently advocated for electoral system reform, opposed local authorities' abuses and violence, raised issues concerning the social and economic conditions of peasants, and actively supported the idea of national equality. His activity was accompanied by criticism of repressive government methods, election manipulations, and unfair treatment of Ukrainians. Yarosevych’s speeches reveal his commitment to democratic values, contributing to the growth of national awareness among the Ukrainian population.

The ontology of changes in the educational space: A review of articles in the scientific journal «Philosophy of education» (2016–2020). Part 1

Ideas about the ontology of the educational space in the format of philosophical, sociological, and pedagogical sciences are becoming an increasingly widespread discourse in Russian and foreign philosophy of education. The review article aims to comprehend the key provisions of ontological approaches to the study of education. The methodology of the review material is set within the framework of a critical analysis of scientific articles in the scientific journal «Philosophy of education» in the period 2016–2020 based on the analytical frame of the author’s discourses in the form of a summary of a number of basic ideas. The study of research programs for the development of the ontology of education made it possible to identify ideas, theories and concepts that have become fundamental for the prospects for the development of the theory and practice of philosophy of education. Against the background of globalization and unification of educational policy, the ontology of the educational space is considered in relation to social ontology, since it is a part of it and testifies to it. The review of publications in the journal is presented by all regions of the Russian Federation, by authors from more than twenty countries of the world. In total, 416 scientific articles were published in the period from 2016 to 2020. Researchers in the field of humanities and natural sciences are philosophers and political scientists, sociologists and cultural scientists, economists and lawyers, teachers and educators, architects and artists.

US allies’ foreign policy alignment in an era of great power competition: An analysis of domestic politics

ABSTRACT This article examines how audience costs affect secondary powers’ foreign policy alignment with their patron state amid great power competition. Through a novel survey experiment centered on South Korea’s dilemma regarding Quad membership, we derive three findings. First, secondary power leadership faces substantial audience costs when retracting alignment commitments, leading to their strategic hedging in initial decision-making while making alignment commitments more credible once declared. Second, the magnitude of these costs is shaped not only by constituents’ aversion to foreign policy inconsistency, but also by their valuation of alignment with the patron. Third, these audience costs are significantly moderated by public preferences: pro-patron constituents strongly penalize leadership’s alignment retractions while pro-rival constituents acquiesce to or even reward it. These findings suggest that while prevailing pro-US sentiment among its allies enhances the credibility of their alignment commitments, shifting domestic preferences could potentially ease or even incentivize them to reverse alignment commitments.

Political Feasibility: An Interpretive Approach

Political theorists study the meaning of political feasibility in part to better understand the role of empirical political science in normative political theory. In the conventional understanding, political feasibility refers to the ability of an individual or collective agent to bring about a certain political state of affairs. This way of thinking about political feasibility corresponds with the ordinary language use of the term, but it asks empirical political science to carry the very heavy burden of assessing the likelihood that a plan of action will bring about a particular future state of affairs. In this article I develop a different way to think about political feasibility as part of a conversation about the meaning of the future. Building on Gadamer’s view of historical interpretation, I argue that empirical political science can be understood as creating “history of effects” towards possible futures as a way to enable understanding of future meanings. I use this framework to examine the place of arguments about feasibility in the processes of reason giving that take place in the public sphere. I do so by interpreting the “can” in the principle of “reasons that all can accept” as referring to an interpretive horizon of what can become feasible.

A Politician’s Identity in Social Media. Reflections on Profilicity for Political Theory

The article’s main goal is to introduce the term ‘profilicity’, authored by the philosophers Hans-Georg Moeller and Paul J. D’Ambrosio, into Polish political science discourse. Profilicity is the most recent, common in late modernity, paradigm of identity, functioning on the basis of the domination of second-order observation as the main mechanism of knowing oneself and others. It is displacing sincerity and authenticity as the paradigms of the previous eras, and its dominant role is facilitated by the development of technology, including social media. Profilicity can also explain the mechanism of creating the identity of a political subject, including the contemporary, ‘professional’ politician and thus it is proposed that it can be used as an analytical category in political science, as well as other social sciences. The article contains attempts to view profilicity and the way it is described by its authors through the lens of political science, as well as tries to present a few ways in which it can supplement existing analyzes of the relationship between politics and social media.

The Case for accompaniment in struggles against the state: designing ethically sensible and response research partnerships in political science

ABSTRACT Civically engaged research involves political scientists collaborating with research partners to strengthen the governance of social problems. Yet, how can academics play a role in the co-production of knowledge without monopolizing it? In this article, we borrow from accompaniment scholarship to design a process in which political scientists work alongside their research partners rather than studying them. We use a case study that draws upon four years of field work with 150 asylum seekers from Latin America in the United States to demonstrate how academics, service providers, and grassroots organizers can work together as a team to position asylum seekers as the main experts and critical thinkers in policymaking and implementation. Through accompaniment, we found that asylum seekers increased their political skills as they participated in research activities in co-creating and disseminating results. Our work shows that a mutually supportive context for exchanging ideas and sharing expertise, not solely dependent on academics, provided a productive channel to pursue action in areas where political systems and nongovernmental organizations failed people.