Political Characteristics Research Articles

Socio-cultural conditions for public political rhetoric in the Italian language of the 19th–21st centuries (lexical aspect)

One of the main structural units of the political discourse of any language is its socio-political vocabulary, which is an integral part of the lexical system of the language reflecting a combination of the political and social characteristics of society. Such a complex of lexical units is designed not only to convey to the audience the views of any politician, but also to affect the society through vibrant and clear speech patterns determined by existing ideological values. The socio-political vocabulary is inevitably transformed following the changes in the domestic and foreign policy of the country. This evolutionary process brings neologisms, some of which are firmly fixed in the language. This article is an attempt to evaluate the influence of the historical context on the evolution of the socio-political vocabulary of the Italian language through the examination of a number of its key features which reflect certain milestones of the country’s development and history. It considers the most vivid and widely used political terms, which are products of the linguistic creativity of statesmen in various periods of Italian history since the emergence of the single state in 1861 to the present day. The paper analyzes the factors that had a direct impact on the formation of these lexical units and the connection between personal characteristics of certain Italian politicians with their choice of terms intended to appeal both to their supporters and opponents. The article describes some aspects of the transformation process of the political language into popular language designed to ensure effective communication with the electorate.

On-board radio communication and its development in a historical perspective

This article presents an explanation of the incorporation of on-board radio communication as a consequence of the growing concerns for maritime safety. It focuses on the economic, political and social characteristics that influenced its incorporation and evolution, and a legislative change in safety. The article demonstrates how the evolution of radio communication has been very important as the only emerging means to request and provide assistance on the high seas. In addition, the study provides evidence of the technological leap that has improved radio communication, with a new system with a high degree of reliability: the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.

Global Water Dances in Viçosa/MG: dance and environmental activism

This research aimed to analyze the impacts of the actions of an extension project in dance whose proposal was to participate in the international event Global Water Dances 2021 – involving participants in the planning process, rehearsals, production, and presentation –, to raise awareness and sensitize about the importance of water for the preservation of life. Dance was approached in this context as an articulator of the body-environment relationship and in its political character, in the sense of enabling the opening to new social configurations. Based on the analysis of the impacts of the project's actions, dance was recognized as an epistemology that enabled awareness and social mobilization, as well as the construction of a sense of community.

Improving online ideological and political precision education in universities based on knowledge mapping

Abstract Empowering precision innovation through big data to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities can effectively promote cultivating the new generation of the times. Based on learners’ learning behaviors and quantified learning behavior indicators, this paper proposes a three-branch division model based on a cognitive level to reduce the “Matthew effect” of collaborative filtering algorithms in path recommendation and improve the cognitive level of online learners. Based on the three-branch decision theory, we select the decision with the highest expected utility as the final decision and recommend the learning content suitable for the learners’ development. The analysis of the functional requirements of the personalized learning recommendation system based on knowledge mapping, the overall structure diagram of the system, and the construction process of each component module are proposed. By analyzing the influence of ideological and political education on college students, about 80% of college students generally think that ideological and political education has improved political character, strengthened ideals and beliefs, enhanced national sentiment, standardized speech and behavior, improved comprehensive literacy, and enriched after-school knowledge. More than 80% of students, teachers, and leaders are satisfied with the personalized recommendation model proposed in this paper, and less than 10% are dissatisfied. Therefore, big data technology can help improve students’ Civics learning effect and has strong applicability.

Rooftop solar, electric vehicle, and heat pump adoption in rural areas in the United States

The deployment of residential rooftop solar, electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps is critical to meet climate goals. We evaluate historical community- and household-level technology adoption patterns in rural areas, and explore associations with housing, socioeconomic, demographic, political, spatial, and energy equity characteristics. We reveal several emergent patterns and disparities in rural technology adoption. We find that higher educational attainment and democratic voting rates are significant predictors of adoption across all residential technologies. Specifically, EV adoption shows the highest association with democratic voting rates. We also find that rooftop solar adoption is most significantly inversely associated with energy burden, while there is a high degree of spatial dependence in heat pump adoption. Rooftop solar and EV adoption are particularly correlated at household, community, and state levels. Findings suggest that designing policies and programs that promote information diffusion, target low-income renters, and are tailored to the geographic and political context may together increase technology adoption rates and ensure more equitable diffusion. By identifying the factors that influence technology adoption in rural areas, we aim to inform the development of policies and programs that can facilitate the widespread deployment of clean energy technologies and contribute to the achievement of climate goals.

Audience reception of translated classic films: Zhang Yimou’s Hero in the digital English world

ABSTRACTAgainst the backdrop of cultural globalization, more and more Chinese films are being introduced to the Anglophone world, and Zhang Yimou’s Hero is a particularly informative case because of its huge success. The present study describes and analyzes the reception of Chinese films in the Anglophone world by conducting an in-depth case study of Hero. Drawing on sentiment analysis and corpus-based keyword analysis, we find that Hero received a positive response from both professional and general audiences in four aspects. For character, both groups preferred the complex political characters, love-hate relationships, and certain Chinese actors/actresses. For plot, both groups valued Chinese elements and the wuxia genre. Regarding the scene, both groups enjoyed the fight scenes, but the professional audiences highlighted the aesthetic value of each scene while the general audiences expressed their feelings about the beauty of the piece as a whole. Finally, in terms of translation, the professional audiences focused on the quality of subtitles, while the general audiences highlighted the modality, preferring dubbing to subtitles. This positive but differentiated reception between professional and general audiences can be attributed to cultural discounting, cultural hybridity, cultural memory, translation modalities and translation quality.

Political Parties and Women’s Representation in the Indonesian Parliament 2009-2019

As the transmission belt linking people's aspirations to the government, the political party has a crucial role in preparing actors to become candidates for people's representatives. Since the enactment of affirmative policies both in elections and internal parties, the number of women in parliament has never met the 30% quota as expected. During the ten years from 2009 to 2019, the number of women in the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR) seats only ranged from 17-20 percent. This article examines the influence of political parties' characteristics on women's representation in the Indonesian parliament in the 2009-2019 period. This research uses four party characteristics by Sundström Stockemer as variables that will be analyzed through linear regression models. The research results show that the vote size variable is the only variable significantly influencing women's representation in parliament. The estimated trend of women's representation in parliament shows an increase in the upcoming 2024 elections. However, it is still far from the target of 30%. Hence, it needs a progressive affirmative policy in the form of reserved seats to encourage proportionality in the policy-making forum.

The nontrivial approach or how physicians-bolsheviks treated kings. The Soviet medicine in the Arabian peninsula in 1920-1930s

In the late 1920s, the USSR intensified its international activities in the Arabian Peninsula. The rapprochement with Arab monarchies provided opportunity to study political, economic and ethno-cultural characteristics of region by organizing transit of pilgrims to Mecca through the Soviet territory and providing medical care in first-aid posts at diplomatic missions. The Soviet physicians, in atypical situation of Arab monarchies, played important role as intermediaries between royal courts and the Soviet government, serving as agents of "soft power". The article considers causes of Moscow geopolitical interest to this region in 1920s-1930s. The distinctions of interaction between Soviet physicians and ruling circles of Hijaz and Yemen were explored. The humanitarian, cultural and geopolitical significance of these activities were examined. The article considers and explains, through optics of geopolitical approach, situational rationality that was applied by medical men when approaching treatment of royal personages despite ideological mismatch of this work with Bolshevism dogmas. The article consistently demonstrates, noting non-triviality of both locus itself and approaches to organization of medical care, how professionalism of Soviet physicians gained confidence of monarchs of Hijaz and Yemen in complicated conditions of competition with highly qualified physicians from Western Europe. It is emphasized that in conditions of Arabia, ideological attitudes had secondary importance, while such qualities as personal charisma and medical professionalism, which created solid reputation foundation for Soviet physicians, came to foreground.

The Political Growth and Characteristics of Lee Ja-gyeom in the reign of Goryeo King Yejong

The Political Growth and Characteristics of Lee Ja-gyeom in the reign of Goryeo King Yejong

국제연맹의 동양 여성매매 조사와 식민지 조선

The first objective of this paper is to examine the roles played by the Government-General of Joseon, one of the colonial powers, in the process of the Japanese government’s response to the League of Nations’ Commission of Inquiry into Traffic in Women and Children in the East.
 On the one hand, the modern state-regulated prostitution system in Japan shows different aspects depending on the time, region, and political characteristics of the region within the sphere of influence called ‘the Empire,’ but existing studies have a tendency to neglect this fact. This negligence intersects with the methods of history denialists who deny the damages caused by ‘state-regulated prostitution’ and ‘comfort women.’ Substantial truths can be concealed amid the ‘authorized ignorance and strategic disregard’ of historical facts.
 The second objective of this paper is to reveal that such an attitude, which causes difficulty in discussing the historical character of the state-regulated prostitution system and the ‘comfort women’ system of the Japanese army, is shown by the inquiry of Japan by the League of Nations’ Commission and the response of the Japanese government. In other words, it is a contemplation on how the Commission of Inquiry, the Japanese government, and the Government-General of Joseon invisibilized the colonial state-regulated prostitution system, which was strongly associated with human trafficking even compared with Japan. This paper aims to disclose the fact that while Japan struggled to gain recognition in the international society as a late-starting imperialist nation, it steered away from the human trafficking problem of Japanese colonies from an imperialist point of view.

Who bought a gun during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States?: Associations with QAnon beliefs, right-wing political attitudes, intimate partner violence, antisocial behavior, suicidality, and mental health and substance use problems.

There was a large spike in gun purchases and gun violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We used an online U.S. national survey (N = 1036) to examine the characteristics of people who purchased a gun between March 2020 and October 2021 (n = 103) and compared them to non-gun owners (n = 763) and people who own a gun but did not purchase a gun during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 170). Compared to non-gun owners, pandemic gun buyers were younger and more likely to be male, White race, and to affiliate with the Republican party. Compared to non-gun owners and pre-pandemic gun owners, pandemic gun buyers exhibited extreme elevations on a constellation of political (QAnon beliefs, pro-gun attitudes, Christian Nationalism, approval of former President Donald Trump, anti-vax beliefs, COVID-19 skepticism; mean Cohen's d = 1.15), behavioral (intimate partner violence, antisocial behavior; mean d = 1.38), mental health (suicidality, depression, anxiety, substance use; mean d = 1.21), and personality (desire for power, belief in a dangerous world, low agreeableness, low conscientiousness; mean d = 0.95) characteristics. In contrast, pre-pandemic gun owners only endorsed more pro-gun attitudes (d = 0.67), lower approval of President Joe Biden (d = -0.41) and were more likely to be male and affiliate with the Republican party relative to non-gun owners. Pandemic gun buyers represent an extreme group in terms of political and psychological characteristics including several risk-factors for violence and self-harm.

PERAN GURU KELAS DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SOPAN SANTUN ANAK DI SDN 5 MULYOHARJO JEPARA

The purpose of this study was to find out the teacher's role in shaping the polite character of children at SDN 5 Mulyoharjo Jepara. This study used narrative data analysis techniques, including the stages of observation, interviews, documentation and recording, by taking the subject of class teachers and students as research subjects. The important role of the teacher is to give examples of politeness, make class agreements, and provide restitution if the child speaks impolitely. Factors inhibiting the formation of polite character can be classified; 1. Unable to control children's behavior, (2) Students who do not respect elders, (3) Student delinquency. The solution that can be done is to look at the child's family background, advise him, and get used to polite behavior in class.

Positive Influence of Organisational Politics on Job Performance in Indian Higher Education Context: A Qualitative Inquiry

The job performance of academics in the higher education context has transcended from the prime focus of teaching to the concurrence of learning facilitation, research and publication. These reforms address a central research question: What are the emerging factors influencing job performance in the Indian higher education context? This study adopts a qualitative research design to explore the emerging factors affecting job performance. Thirteen academic researchers from Indian universities participated in the focus group discussions. The results of focus group discussions unravel five themes: demographics, behaviours, motivation, context and skills. The focus group discussions foregrounded the debate on knowledge-sharing behaviours, organisational politics and networking skills. However, what remains unknown is whether the organisational actors’ political characteristics influence their knowledge sharing, affecting their job performance. In this regard, the authors propose a new model that binds organisational politics to knowledge sharing and its impact on job performance. This novel approach to examining job performance contributes to theory by providing insights into the emerging themes that affect job performance and emphasising the role of political characteristics in understanding the job performance of academic researchers.

The impacts of some political risk levels on the performance of the Iraqi stock exchange for the period (2009-2021)

The international country risk guide referred to the possibility of analyzing a country's political risks using variables that included certain common or differentiated political characteristics that could become an identifiable characteristic of that country. The goal of analyzing such risks is to provide a method for quantifying and monitoring their consequences through multiple variables, including, but not limited to, the performance of financial markets. Such evaluation can be accomplished by assigning risk scores to a group of factors known as political risk elements, and despite the large size of the effects of these risks on market performance (sectors and companies), some parties avoid, ignore, or even include insufficient estimates that do not reflect their significance. As a result, the research problem focused on the idea that such levels of political risk might have a significant positive or negative impact on the performance indicators of the Iraq Stock Exchange. The ARDL model was used in the study to determine the direction and strength of the influence on the research sample. The study uncovered several results, the most important of which was that the voting process and accountability connected to the army's intervention in politics, accountability, and democracy were among the most influential explanatory factors for the two models.

Where does opportunity knock? On doors that voted for the executive

The Trump Tax Bill of 2017 gave U.S. state governors a one-time opportunity to select an exogenously fixed number of census tracts for preferential tax treatment. We model a governors’ choice of tracts to maximize competing goals of mobilizing voters, rewarding co-partisan legislators, and alleviating poverty. We estimate the likelihood that an eligible tract is selected as a function of both the economic characteristics of the tract and the political characteristics of the governor and the relevant state and federal legislators. Our results show that the executive accountability engendered by eligibility for reelection is weakened by the dual constituency hypothesis.

Explaining the educational gradient in trust in politicians: a video-vignette survey experiment

Many liberal democracies are characterised by strong educational gradients in political trust: less-educated citizens have strikingly less trust in politicians than more-educated citizens. Informed by a wide body of research, this study tests systematically the empirical relevance of three characteristics of politicians that have been theorised as explanations for the educational gradient in trust in politicians: (1) substantive cultural stances (progressiveness/conservatism); (2) (non-)populist rhetoric; and a recently developed explanation, (3) perceived distance to citizens’ life-worlds. This study analyses data from an original, pre-registered, video-vignette survey experiment carried out among a high-quality, representative panel in the strategic case of the Netherlands, where respondents were assigned randomly to one of 16 professionally produced videos of an actor playing the role of a fictitious politician. It was found that the politician’s cultural stances and use of (non-)populist rhetoric were important drivers of the educational gradient in trust in the politician.

Three Models of US State-Level Charity Regulation

Abstract The existence of federal oversight of charitable organizations in the United States implies a degree of uniformity to US charity regulation. However, charity regulation is far from uniform across the country. States differ significantly in their adoption or non-adoption of various state-level regulatory requirements, creating not one but many different regulatory environments for charities. The complexity and diversity of these regulations has made it difficult for sector stakeholders, such as researchers, regulators, practitioners, information intermediaries, and donors, to understand the nature and significance of state-level charity regulation from a comparative perspective. To address this problem, this article employs latent class analysis to identify three distinct models of state-level charity regulation: broad regulation, limited regulation, and asset oversight. Subsequent analysis identifies relationships between a state’s economic, social, and political characteristics and its model of charity regulation, suggesting new avenues of research for understanding regulatory model emergence. Many additional practical applications of the typology are also discussed.

Stimulating circular economy in the food industry: a comparative analysis of the governance strategies in Greece and Armenia

The success of transformation to a circular economic model mainly depends on effective government interventions. The objective of this paper is to reveal the implementation schemes, actors in charge, and funding mechanisms of the circular economy action plan in Greece. Additionally, a comparison has been made concerning the waste management governance practices in Armenia given a few distinct political, social, economic and behavioral characteristics common to both countries. Special emphasis was put on the food industry, since it generates a large amount of waste annually with limited by-product valorization and recycling rate. A comprehensive document analysis has been conducted with deductive or concept-driven approach using the software Atlas.ti. Research results highlighted several deficiencies existing within the policy papers and a set of recommendations covering critical success factors such as education, finance, cooperation, market development, monitoring, and evaluation related to the system change were offered. By addressing these deficiencies, policymakers may ensure an environment conducive to circularity practices and facilitate the transition to a more sustainable and resource-efficient economy.

Climate action information disclosure in Colombian companies: A regional and sectorial analysis

This study analyzes Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) which urges action to combat climate change and its impacts. This study focuses mainly on goal 13.2 which establishes the incorporation of measures related to climate change policies, strategies, and plans. This objective includes information on climate change adaptation strategies, greenhouse gas emissions, and their scopes 1 (direct emissions), 2 (indirect emissions), and 3 (Other Emissions). This study is based on the legitimacy theory and the approach of symbolic and substantive information disclosure and the greenwashing and SDG-washing concepts. We designed two disclosure quality indexes for SDG 13 (qualitative SDG13 index and quantitative SDG13 index) through content analysis of the sustainability reports of 60 listed Colombian companies. Our findings suggest that there is a significant gap between the disclosure quality of symbolic (qualitative) and substantive (quantitative) information, thus generating impacts in relation to climate action at the regional and sectoral levels. The sectors with the highest disclosure quality are environmentally sensitive industries. At the regional level, there is evidence of heterogeneous behavior due to the region's social, economic, and political characteristics and their little connection with government climate change plans. Our results are useful to understand and identify the territorial context through business behavior factors related to climate change. These results also reveal necessary elements so that territorial governments can efficiently prevent, mitigate, and adapt measures that guarantee public health and the life of their inhabitants by managing resilient and habitable territories. This study has implications that go beyond the business sphere. The results should be understood as a contribution to the country's low carbon strategies, low greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon neutrality by the year 2050.

Predictors of student mask mandate policies in United States school districts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although factors such as urbanicity, population demographics, and political affiliation have been linked with COVID-19 masking behavior and policy in community settings, little work has investigated factors associated with school mask policies. We sought to characterize United States state and school district student COVID-19 masking policies during the 2021-22 school year and determine predictors of these mandates at four time points, including before and after federal guidance relaxed school mask recommendations in February 2022. Student mask policies for US states and the District of Columbia, as well as a sample of 56 districts were categorized as prohibited, recommended, or required in September 2021, November 2021, January 2022, and March 2022 based on the Johns Hopkins eSchool+ Initiative School Reopening Tracker. Changes in policies over time were characterized. Generalized estimating equations and logistic regression were used to evaluate whether political affiliation of governor, urbanicity, economic disadvantage, and race/ethnic composition of district students, and county-level COVID-19 incidence predicted the presence of a district mask mandate at any time point and at all four time points. State and district policies changed over time. Districts that implemented student mandates at any point were more likely to be in states with Democratic governors (AOR: 5.52; 95% CI: 2.23, 13.64) or in non-rural areas (AOR: 8.20; 95% CI: 2.63, 25.51). Districts that retained mask mandates at all four time points were more likely to have Democratic governors (AOR: 5.39; 95% CI: 2.69, 10.82) and serve a smaller proportion of economically disadvantaged students (AOR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99). Districts serving a larger proportion of students from minoritized racial/ethnic groups were more likely to have mask mandates at any or all timepoints. Notably, county-level COVID-19 prevalence was not related to the presence of a mask mandate at any or all time points. By March 2022, no factors were significantly associated with district mask policy. Political, geographic, and demographic characteristics predicted the likelihood of student mask mandates in the 2021-22 school year. Public health promotion messages and policy must account for variation in these factors, potentially through centralized and consistent messaging and unbiased, trustworthy communication.