Pole Configuration Research Articles

Model Order Reduction and Stability Enhancement Control for AC/DC Converters Through State Feedback Method

In the DC distribution networks, DC bus voltage is maintained by the grid-connected converter; the controllability and reliability of the grid-connected converter significantly affect the bus voltage characteristic. To address the problem of limited stability and frequent oscillations, this paper proposes a state feedback control method for the AC/DC converter. Conventional AC/DC converter adopts the voltage-current double-closed-loop control structure with the proportional-integral (PI) controllers, which is the equivalent of the typical type II control system, but the typical type II control system cannot fully settle the stability and immunity problems. In contrast, the state feedback control strategy not only achieves the control objectives of the traditional double-closed-loop control but also reduces the AC/DC converter system model to a typical Type I system, which improves stability and thus enhances the oscillation suppression capability of the bus voltage. By selecting multiple state variables and designing the converter pole configuration range, the proposed single-loop state feedback control method manages to optimize both the dynamic and steady-state performances of the grid-connected AC/DC converter. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed single-loop state feedback control strategy is verified through MATLAB (2018b)/Simulink software simulation and experiments on a DC distribution network platform.

Investigation of Effective Cases of Radial Force Sum Flattening for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Four Three-Phase Switched Reluctance Motors With Different Pole Configuration

Investigation of Effective Cases of Radial Force Sum Flattening for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Four Three-Phase Switched Reluctance Motors With Different Pole Configuration

High-Frequency Dynamic Compensation for Contact Scanning Probe Based on Dual-Parameter Feedback Optimization of Pole Configuration

High-Frequency Dynamic Compensation for Contact Scanning Probe Based on Dual-Parameter Feedback Optimization of Pole Configuration

Effect of High-Voltage Electrostatic Precipitator Dust Collection Plate Structure on Collection Efficiency.

To investigate the effect of changes in the dust collector structure on the flow field and electric field distribution resulting from the secondary flow generated by the corona discharge in the collector coupled with the main flow and to improve the dust collection efficiency of the ESP, a folding plate design has been adopted. A multiphysics-coupled corona discharge and flow field numerical model was analyzed to analyze the internal flow and electric field characteristics of linear flat plates and folded plates with three different pole configurations. The study indicates that the dust collecting plate's structure significantly affects the dust collector's internal flow field and electric field distribution within the dust collector. The near-plate electric field and flow field inside the folded plate type are superior to those of the linear flat electrostatic precipitator. With the augmentation of the inlet velocity, the ionic wind disturbance on the flow field inside the electrostatic precipitator channel gradually decreases. Additionally, the folding plate has a certain inhibitory effect on the influence of the ionic wind. At an inlet velocity of 0.5 m/s, the speed near the folding plate is approximately 20% lower than that of the traditional linear flat plate. The folding plate can effectively reduce the flow velocity near the dust collection plate, thereby reducing the occurrence of particle re-entrainment and improving dust removal efficiency. By comparing the speed at the center line of the plate and near the plate, it is obvious that the speed of model B decreases significantly, and as the number of discharge electrodes increases, the speed decreases more obviously. At the same time, when the dust collection efficiency of the two models was compared, it was found that the working efficiency of the B model has been significantly improved, among which the B3 model has the best dust collection effect.

A Gap Nonlinearity Compensation Strategy for Non-Direct-Drive Servo Systems

In this paper, a gap nonlinear compensation strategy is proposed for the full closed-loop control structure of non-direct-drive servo motor systems. Firstly, an improved deadband model containing the initial value of the gap is proposed, and two gap amplitude identification methods, namely, incremental torque and velocity difference integral, are compared. Then, for the full closed-loop structure, based on the describing function and the stability theory of the nonlinear system, the limit-loop oscillating frequency and the influencing factors are predicted, which are related to the system control stiffness and independent of the gap amplitude; finally, the state-feedback control is proposed, and the feedback coefficients are designed by using the pole configuration, making the system a pseudo-linear system. Simulation and experimental verification show that the method can suppress the limit loop oscillation, attenuate the system shock, and have a certain robustness.

PHYSICAL MODELLING OF NATURAL COASTAL PROTECTION SYSTEM: CONTRIBUTION OF GREEN MUSSELS TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL COASTAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Indonesia is an archipelago with a long coastline which provides many economic, social, and cultural advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to protect coastal areas from erosion. Mangroves as a form of natural coastal protection, are economically and environmentally feasible in many coastal areas. However, before mangroves can grow into strong trees which require two years of plantation, the ocean waves will damage them. To solve this problem, a natural coastal protection system using main natural protection (mangroves) as well as a temporary artificial structure (bamboo poles with green mussels) is proposed. This study aims to quantify wave height reduction using various mangroves and bamboo pole configurations. The laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume using physical models of mangroves as the main natural protection and bamboo poles with green mussels as the temporary artificial structure. Various wave conditions, including extreme waves, were generated during the laboratory test. This paper focuses on wave transmission over the natural coastal protection system to determine the most effective configuration of bamboo poles with green mussels. The results show that the most effective configuration model is to use 50 mm between the poles’ columns and rows and a breakwater width of 800 mm.

Design Strategy and Implementation of Control Parameters for BLDC Motor Application in an Electric Vehicle

The brushless dc motor (BLDC) motor is an electric motor that is widely utilized in numerous applications, especially in automotive systems. It is significant to maximize the force of the electric vehicle; however, due to the rapid growth of electric vehicles, motors and power electronics are determined with huge concern. Meanwhile, the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) cannot balance the load in a stable condition, and this variation generates a change in load and track conditions. In mobile robot the BLDC motor diminished the current and it increased the torque voltage and current by 48V and 50A, respectively. So to overcome these issues, the control algorithm is implemented in this paper to regulate the speed of the motor in 1KW BLDC in an Electric Vehicle (EV). A 1500rpm BLDC motor is designed by Dymola software which is evaluated with MATLAB. The BLDC increases the torque speed characteristics of the motor based on the pole configuration of an electric vehicle. Evaluation of the method is determined with a set of STM 31 ARM processors and a 750 watt driver. The experimentation is simulated using Arduino IDE software and the results revealed that it is applicable for STM 32 or teensy 3.2 development board or Arduino Mega development board.

Influence of Rotor Pole Number on the Output of Double Stator Flux-Switching Machine

Influence of rotor pole numbers on the output performance of a double stator flux-switching permanent magnet machine is investigated and compared in this study. A description of the analyzed machine is first given. Maxwell-2D time-stepping finite element analysis is adopted in estimating the results. The no-load and load characteristics of the investigated machine is considered and quantitatively compared amongst four different rotor pole configurations. The compared machine categories are designated as: 6S/10P, 6S/11P, 6S/13P and 6S/14P, where P stands for rotor pole and S stands for stator slot. It is revealed that the compared 6S/11P machine topology has a lot of good qualities amongst all the compared machine types, since it exhibits the largest electromotive force (EMF), power, torque and greatest overload sustainability feature, etc. Though, the 6S/14P has excellent flux-weakening capability. Moreover, the 6S/13P machine configuration would produce the largest torque if all the compared machines are equipped with same amount of permanent magnet volume/material. The compared machine topologies have reasonably good anti-demagnetization potentials; particularly, the 6S/13P topology.

Parameter Estimation of Multiphase Machines Applicable to Variable Phase-Pole Machines

Variable phase-pole machines are envisioned in applications requiring a large torque-speed operating area. The control of these machines relies on accurate models and parameters but research on their parameter identification is scarce. This paper presents an offline parameter-identification method for variable phase-pole machines adopting a harmonic-plane decomposition model. The method employs standard tests with single-frequency three-phase excitation in multiple pole configurations and uses the results to minimize a constrained, regularized weighted least-squares problem. It relies on identifying a set of parameters common to all phase-pole configurations and transforming them into the adopted model. Good agreement is exhibited when comparing experimental results to an analytical harmonic-plane decomposition model using the inferred parameters. Steady-state, as well as pole transitions, are compared. The paper emphasizes the importance of performing measurements in multiple pole configurations and weighing these measurements appropriately to render an accurate set of parameters.

Enhancing the Dynamic Stability of Integrated Offshore Wind Farms and Photovoltaic Farms Using STATCOM with Intelligent Damping Controllers

To build a large-scale renewable energy integrated system in the power system, power fluctuation mitigation and damping measures must be implemented during grid connection. PID damping controllers and traditional intelligent controllers with pole configuration are usually used for improving damping. Integration of large wind power plants and photovoltaic power plants into the power system faces transient power oscillation and fault ride-through (FRT) capability under fault conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) damper based on a recurrent Petri fuzzy probabilistic neural network (RPFPNN) to improve the transient stability of the power system when large offshore wind farms and photovoltaic power plants are integrated into the power system, suppress power fluctuation, and increase FRT capability. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, a three-phase short circuit fault at the connected busbar is modeled in the time domain as part of a nonlinear model. From the comparison of simulation results, the proposed control scheme can effectively slow down the transient fluctuation of power supply to the grid-connected point when the grid is faulty, reach steady-state stability within 1–1.5 s, and reduce overshoot by more than 50%. It can also provide system voltage support at an 80% voltage drop and assist in stabilizing the system voltage to increase FRT capability. It also improves stability more than PID controllers when disturbances are present. Therefore, it maximizes the stability and safety of the power grid system.

Stability analysis of a cart-pendulum model with variable convergence rate: A sliding mode control approach for impulsive stochastic systems

In this paper, a sliding mode control problem with variable convergence speed for impulsive stochastic systems based on the cart-pendulum model is investigated. Firstly, the cart-pendulum is modeled as impulsive stochastic system and the interval-driven stability criterion for variable convergence rate is given according to the idea of pole configuration. Meanwhile, the corresponding sliding mode surface functions are designed by pre-adjusting the intervals which in turn regulate the convergence rate of the target system states. To attenuate the oscillation phenomenon that exists in the sliding mode control, the new continuous control rate function is designed on the basis of the saturation function. In addition, a sliding mode control strategy for impulsive stochastic systems is presented to ensure the reachability of the designed sliding surface in finite time and the stability of the reduced-order system under motion of the sliding mode. Finally, the cart-pendulum simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the sliding mode control.

Robust stability/stabilization with variable convergence rate for uncertain impulsive stochastic systems

AbstractThis article researches the interval‐driven variable convergence rate robust stability/stabilization of uncertain impulsive stochastic systems. First, a new conception of variable convergence rate stability for uncertain impulsive stochastic systems is presented in conjunction with the idea of generalized pole configurations. Also, a new criterion for variable convergence rate robust stability/stabilization of uncertain impulsive stochastic systems is given, which can reflect and regulate the convergence rate of the system state. In addition, a new algorithm is designed by means of an interval‐driven stabilization method. This algorithm, combined with the variable convergence rate criterion, achieves accurate control of the convergence rate of the state at the operational level. Double instances are proposed to verify the superiority of the method.

Research on control of electro-hydraulic servo system based on third-order linear ADRC

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design a third-order linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) to improve the response characteristics and robustness of the electrohydraulic servo system.Design/methodology/approachThe LADRC was designed by replacing the nonlinear functions in each part of ADRC with linear functions or linear combinations, and the parameters of each part of the LADRC were connected with their bandwidth through the pole configuration method to reduce the required tuning parameters, and used an improved grey wolf optimizer to tune the LADRC parameters.FindingsThe anti-interference control simulation and experiment on the LADRC, ADRC and proportion integration differentiation (PID) were carried out to test the robustness, anti-interference ability and superiority of the designed LADRC. The simulation and experiment results showed that the LADRC control and anti-interference control had excellent performance, and because of its simple structure and fewer parameters, LADRC was easier to implement and had a better control effect and anti-interference.Originality/valueFor the problems of parameter perturbation, unknown interference and inaccurate model in the electrohydraulic position servo system, the designed third-order LADRC has good tracking accuracy and anti-interference, has few parameters and is conducive to promotion.

The Combustion Characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Fuel in the Presence of Magnetic Field

The study objective is to investigate the combustion characteristics of Callophyllum inophyllum fuel in presence of a magnetic fields. To conduct the experiment, a bunsen burner was utilized, with fuel and air being dispensed via a syringe pump and compressor, both regulated by a flowmeter. The fuel and air pipes were heated to 532.15 (K) to facilitate fuel evaporation. The equivalent ratio of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 was adjusted to control air discharge and fuel. An 11,000 gausses artificial magnet was used, with N-S, N-S, N-N, and S-S being the various magnetic pole configurations. The study found that the magnetic field can enhance combustion quality by affecting the molecules involved in the combustion process. The magnetic field's force also intensifies the movement of O2, making it more energetic. As O2 travels from the North Pole to the South Pole through the combustion reaction zone, it quickens the oxidation-reduction process and curtails diffusion combustion. The red color's intensity diminishes with the magnetic field's effect, indicating this phenomenon. When a magnetic field is applied, the polarity of C.inophyllum biodiesel fuel becomes highly favorable. The triglyceride carbon chain bonds become unstable, and the van der Walls dispersion forces are weakened, which facilitates easier O2 binding to the fuel, resulting in more efficient combustion. An increase in the laminar burning velocity value can be noticed when exposed to a magnetic field.

Current oscillation elimination for the helicopter transient electromagnetic inverter based on pole configuration

In a helicopter transient electromagnetic system, the quality of the transmitting-current waveform will affect the geological exploration effect. In this paper, a helicopter TEM inverter, based on a single-clamp source and pulse width modulation technology, is designed and analyzed. Besides, it finds that there will be current oscillation in the early measuring stage. For this problem, first, the factors that cause the current oscillation are analyzed. Then, it is proposed to apply the RC snubber to eliminate this current oscillation. Since the imaginary part of the pole is the essence of oscillation, configuring the pole can eliminate the current oscillation. By establishing the early measuring stage system model, the characteristic equation of the load current with the snubber circuit is deduced. Next, the characteristic equation is solved by the exhaustive method and the root locus method to obtain the parametric region that eliminates the oscillation. Finally, through simulation and experimental verification, the proposed snubber circuit design method can be used to eliminate the early measuring stage current oscillation. Compared to the method of switching into the damping circuit, it can achieve the same performance, more important is that there is no switching action and it is easy to achieve.

State feedback spool position control with integral compensation for servo proportional valve

In recent years, servo proportional valves have been widely used in the industry owing to the advantages of high stability and low cost. However, the nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty present in the servo proportional valves make it difficult to control the spool position. This paper proposes a state feedback control with integral compensation for the spool displacement control of the servo proportional valve, which aims to solve the problem that state feedback is difficult to overcome system nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty. The key to this control method is the addition of an outer loop negative feedback and an integral element. At the same time, the control method can realize pole configuration, convenient control parameter adjustment, low hardware requirements, and easy engineering application. Experimental and simulation results show that the integral element can compensate for the system’s nonlinearities and uncertain parameters, and eliminate the steady-state error of displacement tracking. The state feedback with integral compensation can improve the frequency response of the servo proportional valve compared to traditional PID control.

Design, Prototype and Experimental Verification of Single Phase Flux Switching Motor Using Low Cost Magnets

There has an increasing demand for a low cost brushless alternative to the series universal motor and single phase induction motor in domestic appliance and automotive applications. Single phase FSM with field winding has relatively low efficiency and low power factor. This paper tries to investigate a topology of single phase FSM which uses low cost magnet, i.e., Ferrite instead of field winding to provide field excitation. By using field focusing effect, the magnets are properly arranged to provide the required airgap flux. A standard design procedure for the presented FSM is developed. Extensive comparisons to the single phase induction motor, single phase permanent magnet motor and universal motor are made. A prototype with 8/4 pole configuration is fabricated. The experiment results are given and compared to the FEA simulated results. In addition, the electromagnetic vibrations and acoustic noises are also considered and measured which is always seen as the main disadvantage of this kind of motor.

Analysis and design of control systems via parameter‐based approach

Analysis and design of control systems via parameter‐based approach

Analysis of Maximizing the Power Output of Switched Reluctance Generator Using Different Core Materials

Switched reluctance generator (SRG) has become the key focus of research for its usage in wind power generation. The sizing and performance of SRG depend on the core material used for the stator and rotor. This paper analyses the impact of the magnetic loading of different core materials on the performance of SRG in terms of self-inductance, torque, iron losses, ohmic losses, and generated voltage. 1 kW SRG with different pole configuration 8/6 SRG and 12/8 SRG for the wind speed of 3 m/s to 6 m/s has been designed. Static and dynamic analyses using the finite element analysis (FEA) were carried out for analytically designed 1 kW SRG with different core materials with the same lamination thickness. Prototypes of 8/6 SRG and 12/8 SRG are fabricated. The output of simulation results has been validated by experimental measurements.

Study the dynamic performance of PM machines for different rotor topologies

<p>For hybrid and electric vehicle drive-train (automotive applications) achieving high torque and efficiency at a wide range of operating conditions can be considered an important matter. Therefore, precise structure optimization of the permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is recommended. Consequently, the effect of the main leading design parameters (such as PM arrangement, magnet thickness, pole arc to pole pitch ratio, airgap length as well as the effect of shaft material) for a different number of rotor poles configuration of PMSM can achieve optimum design results in electric motors with economical cost and excellent performance. This paper submits a comparative analysis of different rotor topologies of (PMSM). Moreover, the dynamic performances of the suggested rotor geometry topologies are investigated based on investigation of finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis offers a piece of complete information about the magnetic flux distribution and magnetic flux density over the motor geometry. Gained results from the analysis are used to give a decision for the selection of a suitable PMSM design.</p>