Policy Support Research Articles

Social networks and business investment in emerging urban centres in rural Tanzania

Background: Business investments in rural areas of developing countries have been constrained by limited infrastructure and financial, institutional and policy support. Proximate social networks have emerged as decision-making support structures; however, empirical evidence is limited to formal companies in urban areas. Aim: This study examines how strong and weak social networks influence business investment decisions in emerging urban centres (EUCs) in rural areas. Setting: This study was undertaken in Ilula and Madizini, which are small towns in rural areas of the Iringa and Morogoro regions in Tanzania. Methods: Quantitative methods employing Gephi Geolayout and a bivariate probit model, supported by qualitative data, were used to examine spatiality and the influence of social networks on business investment decisions based on a random sample of 755 businesses. Results: The study found that both strong and weak social network ties influenced investment decisions in general wholesale-retail trading, food crop trading and transportation businesses. Institutions, however, deterred these investment decisions. Additionally, the reliance on strong and weak social ties in decision-making decreased as business owners’ experience, education and capital size increased. Conclusion: Transportation routes and exchange hotspots are instrumental in shaping the spatial nature of EUC business social networks. Social networks of strong and weak ties influence the choices of business investment. However, the importance of social network relations varies depending on human capital endowment and business-specific characteristics. Contribution: This study endorses strengthening social networking and institutional environment as a base to support rural business investment and networks, especially around agricultural value chains.

Investigation of the Current Status of Music Teaching Ability of Special Education Teachers and Exploration of Professional Development Paths

With the increasing popularity of special education, music education has gradu-ally become an important part of education for children with special needs. This paper investigates the current status of special education teachers' music teach-ing abilities and analyzes the impact of factors such as teachers' personal quali-ties, educational environment and resource allocation, and policy support on their teaching abilities. The research finds that teachers' professional back-ground, teaching experience, and training history are key factors influencing the quality of music education. Moreover, the allocation of educational resources and government policy support also play a crucial role in enhancing teachers' teaching abilities.

Balancing Authenticity and Adaptive Reuse: Resident-Centric Conservation Strategies for Huizhou Traditional Dwellings

Amid rapid urbanization and modernization, traditional Huizhou dwellings face significant challenges in balancing the preservation of architectural authenticity with the practical needs of adaptive reuse. This study investigates the tensions between maintaining cultural and structural integrity and meeting evolving lifestyle and functional demands. Adopting a resident-centered perspective, the research employs a quantitative survey method, collecting 390 valid responses from two UNESCO-listed villages. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to examine the influence of conservation status, government policy, value recognition, and authenticity on residents’ perceptions of adaptive reuse. While findings indicate strong resident support for preserving traditional architectural styles and cultural identity, concerns persist about compromised comfort, outdated spatial layouts, and limitations in daily functionality. These tensions illustrate a core challenge: how to sustain authenticity without obstructing modernization. The study contributes a validated analytical framework for heritage decision-making and offers practical insights for optimizing conservation strategies through policy support, stakeholder collaboration, and selective modernization.

Modernizing District Heating Networks: A Strategic Decision-Support Framework for Sustainable Retrofitting

This study explores modernization strategies for existing district heating (DH) networks to enhance their efficiency and sustainability, focusing on achieving net-zero emissions in urban heating systems. Building upon a literature review and expert interviews, we developed a strategic decision-support framework that outlines distinct strategies for retrofitting district heating grids and includes a portfolio analysis. This framework serves as a tool to guide DH operators and stakeholders in selecting well-founded modernization pathways by considering technical, economic, and social dimensions. The review identifies several promising measures, such as reducing operational temperatures at substations, implementing optimized substations, integrating renewable and waste heat sources, implementing thermal energy storage (TES), deploying smart metering and monitoring infrastructure, and expanding networks while addressing public concerns. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and policy support in successfully implementing these strategies. The developed strategic decision-support framework helps practitioners select a tailored modernization strategy aligned with the local context. Furthermore, the findings show the necessity of adopting a comprehensive approach that combines technical upgrades with robust stakeholder involvement and supportive policy measures to facilitate the transition to sustainable urban heating solutions. For example, the development of decision-support tools enables stakeholders to systematically evaluate and select grid modernization strategies, directly helping to reduce transmission losses and lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to climate goals and enhancing energy security. Indeed, as shown in the reviewed literature, retrofitting high-temperature district heating networks with low-temperature distribution and integrating renewables can lead to near-complete decarbonization of the supplied heat. Additionally, integrating advanced digital technologies, such as smart grid systems, can enhance grid efficiency and enable a greater share of variable renewable energy thus supporting national decarbonization targets. Further investigation could point to the most determining context factors for best choices to improve the sustainability and efficiency of existing DH systems.

TEACHER BURNOUT AND MENTAL HEALTH: AN URGENCY IN EDUCATIONAL SPACE

This study investigated the impact of teacher burnout on teachers' mental health and analyzed the working conditions and school management that influence this process. The overall objective was to understand the factors that contribute to burnout and identify supportive policies and practices that can prevent or minimize this phenomenon. The research was qualitative in nature, using the literature review methodology, with the analysis of articles, books and dissertations related to the topic. The results indicated that work overload, lack of recognition and constant pressure are determining factors for the emergence of burnout among teachers. In addition, it was identified that the school environment, with its working conditions and psychological support, has a great influence on teachers' mental health. The analysis concluded that the implementation of institutional support policies, professional appreciation and improvement of working conditions are fundamental strategies for preventing burnout and promoting teacher well-being. The final considerations suggest that, in order to improve the school environment and teachers' mental health, it is necessary to invest in effective policies and programs that consider the specificities of each school institution. Future studies should investigate how psychological support strategies can be applied effectively in different school contexts.

EDUKASI DAN KAMPANYE PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MENULAR (HIV-AIDS DAN TBC) DI TEMPAT KERJA

HIV-AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) are major health problems still faced by workers, especially in the industrial, construction, and migrant sectors. Lack of awareness, social stigma, and limited access to health information and services are major obstacles. Therefore, an effective educational approach and campaign are needed to raise awareness and shape preventive behavior in the work environment. This community service program aimed to improve workers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the prevention of HIV-AIDS and TB at PT X in Batam City. The method of implementing the activity includes initial observation, literature study, concept planning, implementation of education, focus group discussions (FGD), and evaluation through pre-post tests. The target of the activity is 30 PT X workers. Knowledge and attitudes are measured using a structured questionnaire, then the changes are analyzed after the educational intervention. Through educational sessions, group discussions, and visual campaigns, pre- and post-tests were conducted to evaluate the impact. The results showed significant improvement in knowledge (average score increased from 58.2 to 78.7) and positive attitudes (from 33% to 83%). This program proved effective in fostering preventive behaviors and reducing stigma against HIV and TB patients in the workplace. It is hoped that companies can continue these efforts sustainably through supportive policies, screening facilities, and regular counseling.

The Low-Carbon Economic Development Model Driven by Global Renewable Energy

This study explores the relationship between renewable energy and low-carbon economic development. It defines a low-carbon economy and renewable energy sources, highlighting their intrinsic link. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the research examines global practices and identifies challenges and solutions related to renewable energy adoption. Case studies from countries like Germany, Greece, and Spain demonstrate significant progress in reducing carbon emissions through renewable energy. However, challenges such as technical barriers, high initial costs, and policy limitations remain. The study concludes that technological innovation, international cooperation, and robust policy support are essential for overcoming these obstacles and achieving a sustainable, low-carbon future

Breaking Financial Barriers: Women's Economic Independence Through Food Delivery Platforms

Food delivery platforms have become an important source of flexible jobs in the dynamic Indian urban economy, providing women with new livelihood opportunities in recent years. With the digitization of workstations redefining the condition of work, this paper sets out to examine how, to what extent, these platforms support the economic empowerment of women in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Using primary data based on 271 women involved in formal and informal food delivery services, the study assesses such important dimensions of empowerment as generation of income, mastering financial empowerment, decision-making, and social recognition. The results demonstrate that the use of these platforms increases financial independence and self-confidence among many women, whilst business development and sustainability levels are low. The findings of Garrett are as follows: their ranking results present financial independence and family respect as the most valued outcomes, and the findings of the Chi-square analysis show that there exists a significant relationship between educational level and digital skill barriers. Systemic requirements that are also identified in the study are limitations of capital, safety, digital literacy, and socio-cultural norms, which still slow down the involvement of women completely. The study suggests that the delivery of food through the platforms is a way toward empowerment, yet targeting policy support, design inclusion, and online training are essential to keep access and impact equal. Keywords: Women’s empowerment, food delivery platforms, digital work, gig economy, financial independence, digital divide, gender barriers, informal economy, Coimbatore, platform inclusion

Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration in Stunting Mitigation Efforts: A Study in Mesuji Regency

Objective: In the face of the demographic bonus, a healthy workforce and productive employment are essential. However, stunting poses a significant threat to achieving this potential. Therefore, multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential, involving governments, the private sector, academia, and society. This study explores the dynamics of collaborative governance in overcoming stunting in Mesuji Regency, along with the role of actors. Methods: Using Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and document analysis, involving 15 key informants.Results: Demonstrate that local governments act as facilitators, while other stakeholders contribute through resources and active participation. Effective interagency coordination, ongoing policy support, and active stakeholder engagement are key supporting factors. Conclusion: The handling of stunting in Mesuji Regency shows the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration. The government plays the role of facilitator, while other actors are actively involved through resources and participation. Success is underpinned by effective coordination, sustainable policies, and the involvement of all parties.

Gene to Field: Biotechnological Interventions against New-Age Crop Pests

World agriculture continues to intensify while climate driven insect migration speeds up between geographic areas to cause agricultural producers to battle new insect pests which endanger both yield production and food safety standards. When measured comparatively pest control methods specifically chemical pesticides have demonstrated diminished operational effectiveness compared to their peak results. The increasing resistance of insects to chemical agents causes damage to helpful insect populations while disrupting ecosystem stability in natural areas. The future potential of biotechnology became evident as new sophisticated pest control systems started to emerge within the last few years. The article examines several modern control concepts including genetically altered organisms that resist insects (Bt crops) along with RNAi technologies and newer gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas as well as mechanisms to manage insect microorganisms and symbiotic partners. Modern pest management methods permit highly targeted control approaches which protect the environment. Several progress strategies in pest management face multiple obstacles from the potential for pest adaptation to new technologies along with complex implementation needs along with uncertain natural ecological situations and complex regulatory rules and public resistance. Future integration of ecological initiatives with biotechnological methods will unite local communities with farmers to achieve sustainable practices through supportive policy development. Multiple combined approaches indicate that sustainable pest control solutions will lead to increased effectiveness throughout future time periods.

Green and Low-Carbon Strategy of Logistics Enterprises Under “Dual Carbon”: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Simulation

In the low-carbon era, there is a serious challenge of climate change, which urgently needs to promote low-carbon consumption behavior in order to build sustainable low-carbon consumption patterns. The establishment of this model not only requires in-depth theoretical research as support, but also requires tripartite cooperation between the government, enterprises and the public to jointly promote the popularization and practice of the low-carbon consumption concept. Therefore, by constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model and simulation analysis, this study deeply discusses the mechanism of government policy on the strategy choice of logistics enterprises. The stability strategy and satisfying conditions are deeply analyzed by constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model of the logistics industry, government, and consumers. With the help of MATLAB R2023b simulation analysis, the following key conclusions are drawn: (1) The strategic choice of logistics enterprises is affected by various government policies, including research and development intensity, construction intensity, and punishment intensity. These government policies and measures guide logistics enterprises toward low-carbon development. (2) The government’s research, development, and punishment intensity are vital in determining whether logistics enterprises adopt low-carbon strategies. R&D efforts incentivize logistics companies to adopt low-carbon technologies by driving technological innovation and reducing costs. The penalties include economic sanctions to restrain companies that do not comply with low-carbon standards. In contrast, construction intensity mainly affects the consumption behavior of consumers and then indirectly affects the strategic choice of logistics enterprises through market demand. (3) Although the government’s active supervision is a necessary guarantee for logistics enterprises to implement low-carbon strategies, more is needed. This means that in addition to the government’s policy support, it also needs the active efforts of the logistics enterprises themselves and the improvement of the market mechanism to promote the low-carbon development of the logistics industry jointly. This study quantifies the impact of different factors on the system’s evolution, providing a precise decision-making basis for policymakers and helping promote the logistics industry’s and consumers’ low-carbon transition. It also provides theoretical support for the logistics industry’s low-carbon development and green low-carbon consumption and essential guidance for sustainable development.

한국어 집중 캠프의 설계 및 운영 사례: 광주 지역 이주배경 중학생을 대상으로

Objectives This study aims to analyze the design and operation of the “2024 University-Linked Korean Language Intensive Camp,” conducted during the school vacation for middle school students with Migration Background in the Gwangju region, and to draw educational implications for Korean language education programs targeting such students. Methods The camp was conducted for 24 middle school students with migrant backgrounds and consisted of level-based Korean language classes, experiential cultural education, and career exploration activities. After the camp, a survey was administered to analyze student satisfaction and identify areas for improvement in the camp’s operation. Results Students were particularly satisfied with the experiential activities, and most students responded positively to the camp. However, there were some limitations, such as a lack of camp guidance, problems in selecting students, and excessive intervention by interpreters. Based on this analysis, we suggested ways to improve camp operation and policy. Conclusions In the future, a systematic curriculum centered on academic Korean is needed, a sustainable follow-up learning system must be established in parallel, and lastly, policy support through cooperation with local communities and universities is needed.

Precision Agriculture in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

Precision agriculture (PA) in Africa, though still emerging, holds great promise for transforming smallholder farming. It enhances productivity through site-specific input use, digital tools, and data-driven decisions. However, adoption is limited by high costs, low digital literacy, poor infrastructure, and environmental challenges. Opportunities lie in falling tech costs, supportive policies, and growing digital platforms. Scaling PA requires better internet access, training, partnerships, and affordable, context-specific technologies.

Enhancing Work Productivity: The Role of Work-Life Balance, Job Stress Management, Job Satisfaction, and Environmental, Social, and Governance Integration

This study investigates the impact of work-life balance, stress management, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration on employee productivity in Bandung's hospitality sector, focusing on the mediating role of job satisfaction. The study examines 19 five-star and 94 four-star hotels, with a population of 226 general managers, managers, and supervisors. A sample of 183 respondents was determined using Slovin’s formula with 0.05 margin of error, and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings confirm that job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between work-life balance, stress management, and productivity. ESG integration, encompassing social and environmental responsibility, further enhances productivity by strengthening these relationships. This study extends the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, showing that ESG practices serve as additional job resources that reduce stress and improve job satisfaction, ultimately boosting productivity. This research highlights the need for supportive work-life balance policies, effective stress management, and ESG integration to enhance employee well-being and productivity. The study offers strategic insights for academia and industry, supporting sustainable HR practices in hospitality. A holistic approach integrating work-life balance, stress management, job satisfaction, and ESG policies is essential for improving productivity and ensuring sustainability.

Development of Traditional Sports at PORTINA in Temanggung Regency: A Survey Study

This study aims to analyze the development of traditional sports conducted by PORTINA in Temanggung Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with six key informants, direct observation, and documentation. The informants consisted of PORTINA administrators and traditional sports activists actively involved in coaching and promotional activities. The findings indicate that PORTINA Temanggung has implemented a multidimensional development strategy, including school-based integration, community coaching, and digital promotion. Routine training activities are held in public spaces, with a focus on games such as egrang, gobak sodor, and terompah panjang, supported by storytelling and cultural education. The organization also mobilizes local volunteers through training programs and collaborates with schools via extracurricular and cultural events. However, the study also reveals several challenges: limited infrastructure, inadequate funding, and declining youth interest due to modern digital lifestyles. To address these issues, PORTINA adapts by using social media and community-based innovation. The active participation of local communities and contextual coaching approaches are proven effective in sustaining traditional sports. This research contributes to the understanding of traditional sports development in rural areas and highlights the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration and stronger policy support to ensure the sustainability of traditional heritage in contemporary society.

How Does Artificial Intelligence Technology Influence Labor Share: The Role of Labor Structure Upgrading

The rapid development and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has sparked debates about its implications for labor markets, yet the micro-level relationship between AI and labor share remains underexplored. Based on the theory of skill-biased technological change, this study aims to examine whether AI technology increases labor share by labor structure upgrading at the enterprise level. Using panel data for China’s listed companies from 2012 to 2022, this study tests this relationship using a two-way fixed effects model. The empirical results reveal that AI technology significantly increases labor share, with labor structure upgrading playing a mediating role in this relationship. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the influence of AI technology on labor share is stronger for enterprises characterized by low labor market rigidity, high labor market supply, and talent policy support in external environments, as well as among labor-intensive, high-tech, and non-state-owned enterprises. Notably, this study finds that advancements in AI technology have achieved mutually beneficial outcomes of improving labor share and enhancing total factor productivity. Our research findings provide detailed empirical evidence for enterprises to formulate and implement AI strategies.

THE ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY IN IMPROVING LANGUAGE COMPETENCE AND COMPETITIVENESS OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES

Vocational education plays a pivotal role in enhancing the competitiveness of Vocational High School (SMK) graduates in the face of global demands. This study explores the role and effectiveness of vocational education policies in improving language competence and graduate employability at SMKN 1 Telagasari. Employing a case study approach, the findings reveal that policies encouraging collaboration between schools and industry, along with the adoption of competency-based curricula, significantly support the development of both technical skills and language-related soft skills. The results show a marked improvement in graduate employability following the implementation of these policies. However, the study also identifies challenges such as regional disparities in vocational education quality and limited funding and infrastructure. Strengthening policy support and increasing resource allocation are essential to improving vocational education outcomes at a national level.

Hasil Analisis SWOT Masalah Transparansi dalam Manajemen Humas yang Ada di Pohuwato

Public information transparency is a crucial element of good governance principles. Pohuwato Regency, one of the administrative regions in Gorontalo Province, continues to face significant challenges in implementing public information disclosure. The role of the Regional Government's Public Relations (PR) division in disseminating information has not functioned optimally, as indicated by the limited public access to important and strategic governmental information. This study aims to analyze transparency issues in Pohuwato using a SWOT analysis approach (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through interviews with PR officials, staff from the Communication and Information Office (Kominfo), and members of the community. The findings indicate that there is internal potential to be developed, such as the commitment of some officials to serve the public. However, weaknesses persist, including inadequate infrastructure and budgetary support. Opportunities to enhance transparency exist through the utilization of digital technology and national policy support, yet these are challenged by low information literacy among the public and a culture of bureaucratic secrecy. In conclusion, public information transparency in Pohuwato requires comprehensive and sustainable reform in public relations management.

Ecological distribution and commercial exploitation of Tamarindus Indica in Kenya: A review

Tamarindus indica L., commonly known as the tamarind tree, is a high-priority fruit species for crop diversification and development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its nutritional, medicinal, and industrial value, limited documentation exists on its processing, utilization, and commercialization in Kenya. This knowledge gap hinders efforts to promote its domestication and conservation. This review paper examines the ecological distribution, morphological characteristics, and commercial potential of Tamarindus indica in Kenya. A desk-based literature review from books, journals, and published reports was conducted. Findings indicate that tamarind is widely utilized, especially in Kenya’s coastal region, where its pulp is used to prepare Ukwanju juice and food sauces. However, inefficiencies within the tamarind value chain, including limited value addition, inadequate seedling systems, and weak market linkages, constrain its commercialization. To boost tamarind production and commercialization, coordinated efforts are needed among governments, investors, and researchers. Key priorities include policy support, private sector investment, and research on improved varieties and genetic conservation. Strengthening the value chain through better seedling systems, farmer hubs, processing, and efficient distribution is essential. Additionally, documenting indigenous knowledge will aid its domestication and sustainability.

Ecotourism as a Driver of Socio-ecological Transformation in Chhattisgarh: A Comprehensive Review

With over 44% of its land covered by forests, Chhattisgarh stands as one of India's greenest states, offering significant ecotourism potential owing to its unique geological features, rich biodiversity, and vibrant tribal traditions. This paper examines the ecological and economic dimensions of ecotourism in the state, with a focus on key areas such as the Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, and Kanger Valley National Park. Ecotourism in Chhattisgarh plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation, forest regeneration, and climate resilience by supporting habitat preservation, promoting geoheritage conservation, and enhancing carbon stock development. Initiatives like "Unexplored Bastar" foster sustainable livelihoods for local tribal communities by generating employment in guiding, hospitality, and craft-based microenterprises. Government support through infrastructure development, policy initiatives, and skill-building programs has further strengthened ecotourism’s impact. Despite facing challenges such as habitat degradation, human-wildlife conflict, and limited public awareness, ecotourism presents a viable model for sustainable development by aligning conservation efforts with inclusive socio-economic growth. The study highlights the importance of integrated management, policy support, and community engagement to ensure the long-term ecological and economic sustainability of ecotourism in Chhattisgarh.