A growing population of people living with Alzheimer's Disease requires improved supports for aging in place. Assistive technologies (ATs) can delay institutionalization, reduce care partner strain, and improve quality of life for this population. The abilities and needs of this population change during disease progression, but it remains unclear which ATs are best suited for specific stages. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide a snapshot in time by mapping currently available ATs assessed in peer-reviewed research, across the seven stages of Alzheimer's Disease progression. The review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework to identify and harvest information from Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase databases. Inclusion criteria were Alzheimer's Disease, technology interventions of any type and duration, English language, and the period between 2000 and 2023. Data was extracted and analyzed using six predetermined domains of ATs for dementia: safety devices, clinical devices, memory aids, ATs for preventing social isolation, ATs for leisure activities, and ATs for supporting everyday tasks. A total of 87 ATs, reported in 47 articles, were mapped along seven stages of the disease. A variety of ATs are available, with high technology (e.g., tracking devices) targeting initial stages, and low technology (e.g., weighted blanket) targeting later stages. Music therapies were present across all disease stages. The map has the potential to inform people with Alzheimer's Disease, care partners, technology companies, policy makers and service providers on current AT availability and need for further development.

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs), is increasing, but knowledge of their short and long-term toxicological effects remains limited. Here, aerosols generated from an e-cigarette using a flavour-free e-liquid base, both with and without nicotine, an HTP, and a conventional cigarette were characterised for the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Furthermore, extracts from vapour and smoke were generated, and their acute toxicity was assessed in human lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Cigarette smoke contained significantly more toxic compounds and induced the highest degree of toxicity in all the tested cell lines, followed by the HTP, and then the nicotine containing e-cigarette. Notably, the nicotine containing e-cigarette produced similar levels of formaldehyde as the HTP and cigarette smoke, and caused a greater decrease in cell viability in primary lung fibroblasts compared to the nicotine-free e-cigarette. Although the HTP aerosol contained lower levels of toxicants than cigarette smoke, some VOCs specific to HTPs were detected. More independent research is needed to identify toxicant-specific production in emerging nicotine delivery systems and their potential health impacts to better inform policy makers, health care providers and the general public.

Throughout the first months of President Donald Trump's second term in office, his administration has taken swift action to undermine the role that government health agencies play in the health policy-making process. This article makes the case that the Trump administration's efforts to undermine government health agencies’ regulatory authority reflect a dislike and distrust of the people who serve in key civil service roles. It also provides evidence that efforts to roll back regulatory authority are part of a long-standing political strategy to cater to public dislike and distrust of scientific, medical, and academic experts. While the public could provide policy makers with an incentive to protect public health agencies and the people who staff them, recent public opinion research shows that many Americans simply do not know or do not care enough about the Trump administration's actions to call for their elected officials to stop them. This article concludes by offering several health communication strategies and directions for future research (the “science of standing up for science”) that might inspire public concern about efforts to roll back government health agencies’ regulatory authority and might motivate people to show support for the civil servants who staff those agencies.

Inequitable access to medicines for neglected tropical diseases in Europe: health system vulnerabilities and a call for coordinated action.

Conduct a systematic review of quantitative evidence comparing the adverse health impacts of dental amalgam versus other dental restorative materials. Bibliographic database searches, limited by a date of 2007 and English language, were supplemented by citation chasing, searches of Google Search and checking topically similar systematic reviews. We sought empirical studies evaluating the health impacts of materials used for direct dental restorations. Two reviewers independently conducted title and abstract and full-text screening. Data extraction and quality appraisal using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Tool were carried out by one reviewer and checked by a second. We used narrative synthesis to group studies by restorative material and health impact evaluated. 195 studies (245 articles) were included, with 61 studies (87 articles) prioritised for narrative synthesis. Studies evaluated a variety of health impacts for the following restorative materials: amalgam versus resin-based composite (RBC): (n = 6), amalgam only (n = 52), RBC only (n = 16), glass ionomer versus RBC (n = 3). Both amalgam and non-amalgam materials may be associated with various health impacts. However, confidence in these findings is limited due to the small quantity of direct comparative evidence and heterogeneity of outcome measures and findings within health impact categories. Findings of this review may support policy makers and researchers to identify and address future research needs. Findings highlight what is known regarding the comparative health impacts of different restorative materials, which may inform clinical decision-making alongside consideration of international guidelines, cost, material longevity, potential environmental impacts and patient-preference.

ABSTRACT This study explores the intersection of gender dynamics and access to rehabilitation services for women with amputation in Cambodia. Taking place in a semi-urban setting in Cambodia, the study employs a Community-Based Participatory Research approach, fostering collaboration with local communities and stakeholders. The study focuses on women with amputations, to examine barriers and challenges to rehabilitation services. By utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 women and reflexive thematic analysis, this research aims to understand the perspectives of women with amputation about access, acceptability and perceptions of rehabilitation. Six interlinked themes were identified that elucidated the lived experiences of Cambodian women with amputations: Family Dimensions, Financial Impact, the Impact on the Role of Women, Social Isolation and Exclusion, the Care Journey, and the Psychological Distress. Greater awareness of rehabilitation is recommended among the general public, health professionals and policy makers to reduce stigma, improve referral channels and develop gender-specific approaches in service-provision, such as recommendations for women only service initiatives and implementation of staff training to improve awareness and understandings of needs and experiences of women with disabilities. Through a comprehensive exploration, the study contributes to improved understandings about gender-sensitive and equal healthcare solutions, aligning with SDGs, and addressing post-conflict disparities.

Commercial activities (eg, lobbying, water extraction) have important implications for population health and health equity. Identifying these activities can inform public health policy, practice, and surveillance. The aims of this study were to adapt a cross-industry typology of corporate activities (the HEALTH-CORP typology) to the Food & Beverage (F&B) industry and identify expert-informed measurement priorities for this industry. Activities within the HEALTH-CORP typology are categorized into domains of corporate influence (eg, political practices, environmental practices). Health experts (n = 22) rated the importance of measuring each domain on a 4-point scale (from 'not important' (0) to 'very important' (3)) and provided written feedback to guide the adaptation. We used qualitative and non-parametric quantitative techniques (eg, Mann-Whitney U tests) to analyze and implement participants' feedback. The domain political practices received the highest mean importance rating (M = 2.95, IQR = 0); employment practices received the lowest (M = 2.14, IQR = 2). Ratings for some domains differed by whether experts reported employment in low-and-middle income countries. The resulting HEALTH-CORP-FB typology contains 89 F&B industry activities (eg, profiteering, child-appealing packaging). The typology provides a resource for policy makers and other stakeholders and the findings lend insight into measurement and monitoring priorities for this industry.

ABSTRACT This article investigates the concept of cultural value in the context of the German cultural sector. Cultural value is a well-established term in certain cultural policy environments, where an emphasis is placed on publicly funded cultural institutions and activities to evidence their value to society and individuals. No comparable discourse exists within the German sector. The purpose of this article is to examine this topic within the German cultural policy landscape, specifically concentrating on expressions of cultural value within state-funded cultural institutions via a qualitative research study. Cultural institutions in Germany believe it their responsibility to create value for the public and offer artistic experiences that can be considered as relevant to the public’s interests. To achieve this will require cultural policy makers to move beyond symbolic areas of cultural policy and towards an activating cultural policy that is cognisant of its value-creating ability.

Abstract Coastal towns are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate-induced hazards such as storm surges and coastal floods. These hazards lead to the destruction of critical infrastructure, social stability, and livelihoods. In response, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers have emphasised the need for sustainable financing to address the impact of climate-induced hazards in at-risk communities. Yet little scholarly attention has been given to the mechanisms deployed at both household and institutional levels to cope with and recover from the impact of climate-induced hazards. This study examines the impact of storm surges in coastal communities in Ghana and explores various mechanisms deployed to finance household coping mechanisms. The paper employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative data with quantitative data from household surveys, to assess the socioeconomic impact of storm surges. Results reveal that 78% of respondents experienced significant income losses, with 57% reporting school dropout among dependents and 26% expressing concerns about food insecurity. Property damage, especially to housing and fishing gear, has severely affected livelihoods. Despite available climate finance mechanisms, only 16% identified government support during crises, while 54% sought assistance from informal networks like friends and family. Systemic challenges, including inefficient bureaucratic processes and inadequate institutional capacity, hinder effective climate financial assistance and other support mechanisms. The study suggests prioritising sustainable recovery initiatives, strengthening local institutional capacity, and integrating climate funding into community-based strategies to enhance resilience, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of climate resilience and offering actionable recommendations for foreign donors, NGOs, and policymakers to support Ghana's coastal communities.

Purpose Creativity fosters innovativeness, competitiveness and sustained success. This study aims to evaluate the mediating role of employee creativity in the nexus of human resource management (HRM) practice and organizational ambidexterity. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 973 employees of 75 health care institutions comprising 48 (indigenously-owned) and 27 (internationally-owned). The positivist paradigm was adopted. Construct validity and reliability were established using confirmatory factor analysis. The study hypotheses and proposed model were evaluated using structural equation modeling Findings The study’s results show that ability-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity were positively related. Motivation-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity were positively related. Opportunity-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity were nonsignificantly related. Employee creativity mediates the ability-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity relationship. Similarly, employee creativity mediates the motivation-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity relationship. Nonetheless, employee creativity did not mediate the opportunity-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity relationship. Research limitations/implications The generalizability of the findings will be constrained due to the research’s health care focus and cross-sectional data. Practical implications The findings of the study would provide valuable insight to stakeholder’s, policy makers and management of health care institutions in developing a supportive work environment that promote the generation of originality and novelty in ideas to ensure institutional competitiveness, competencies and innovativeness. Originality/value By evidencing empirically that employee creativity mediates the ability-enhancing practices, motivation-enhancing practices and organizational ambidexterity relationship, the study extends the literature on employee creativity, HRM practices and organizational ambidexterity.

The lived experiences of those who work at night have been subject to increased attention from both scholars and policy makers; however, there remains limited geospatial and quantitative evidence on the challenges they face and how these unfold across space and time. This gap is most evident in the continued dependence on “daytime” data and assumptions, that presume the traditional “9–5” working day, at the expense of the specific needs of night workers. In this context, lack of access to food has emerged as a critical yet underexplored issue. While recent accessibility models increasingly account for the temporal dynamics of their supply-side components (e.g., service operating hours), they either overlook population dynamics or treat nighttime populations as homogenous, thus masking the distinct service needs of active night workers. This study addresses these limitations by developing the first dynamic food accessibility model that explicitly accounts for the shifting spatial distribution of night workers in Greater London. Leveraging novel mobile phone location data, we provide deeper insights into the spatial and temporal realities of working at night in London. Beyond demonstrating that access to food retail outlets for night workers is markedly poorer than for daytime workers, our proposed (in)sufficient accessibility framework identifies where and when this issue is most acute. Through its empirical insights and methodological innovations, this article therefore contributes to ongoing debates on spatial justice and nighttime urban strategies.

ABSTRACT The dramatic writing tradition in Türkiye is shaped by the interaction between Western dramatic norms introduced through translation and Anatolia's local performative traditions, giving rise to attempts to forge a distinctive dramatic voice. This article examines the selection criteria and paratextual materials in all English-language anthologies of Turkish drama published between 1976 and 2011. Its aim is to foreground the image of Turkish theater these anthologies construct in the Anglosphere and to analyze the mechanisms through which the visibility of its distinctive voice is secured. The article concludes by identifying two tendencies in image-making through anthologization: an image of Turkish theater as derivative of its Western counterpart, shaped by the nation-state's official cultural policies, versus an image grounded in Turkish theater's distinctive voices, in which a non-hierarchical, intercultural exchange with the Western world is achieved.

The methods of foresight analysis and scenario planning (FASP) are being applied in a wide range of use cases as institutions to plan for an uncertain future. Such efforts promise to mitigate future risk by informing action in the present. However, FASP approaches have failed to consider what lessons might be learned from the shortcomings of prior imaginative practices for risk mitigation. This article draws on work from Critical Security Studies to consider how FASP methods might be sharpened as tools for policy makers and academic researchers alike. In particular, we argue that FASP risks reproducing the very forms of overconfidence and epistemological closure that earlier risk management paradigms generated. By engaging concepts such as premediation, non-knowledge, and the politics of prediction, the article highlights how imaginative practices can both mitigate and manufacture vulnerability. A critically informed FASP framework therefore requires methodological transparency, epistemic humility, and explicit attention to the generative effects of imagining futures in the present.

This work aimed at the use and understanding the impact of education in solving the growing environmental pollution and radiation exposure, which are both attributed to natural phenomena and human activities. It's a case study of two different universities in Libya namely; Omar Al-Mukhtar University, of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and Qubba Branch, University of Derna, Libya that are willing to utilize their knowledge in mitigating and combating environmental pollution. The total population of students studying environmental science and environmental education in these universities is 425, whereby, 402 students responded to the questionnaire used in the current study. This questionnaire comprises of four sections; socio-demographic section, knowledge, concern, willingness and behavior. Whereby; knowledge/environmental education was considered as the dependent variable while the other variables are considered as the independent variables. Descriptive statistics of the data using graphical representation of the obtained results demonstrates that 82.2% of the students respond with 5 and above (on a scale of 1 to 10), indicating that they know the major environmental pollution. Also, 45% of the students respond with 9 and 10 in demonstrating that they have knowledge on the major causes of environmental pollution. Furthermore, 72.2% of the responders responds with 6 and above to indicate that they know the major solutions for environmental pollution and based on this answers, interpretable artificial intelligence was used to determine the impacts of the independent variables on the targets. Overall, the performance results demonstrated that GPR-BO-M2 showed the highest performance among all the combinations used in modelling stage with R2-values = 0.951/0.937, RMSE = 0.684/0.651, MSE = 0.467/0.424 and MAE = 0.263/0.232. Hence, the results obtained in this work can be utilized by students, educationist, policy makers and experts in understanding and mitigating environmental pollution.

This study aims to deeply analyze the mechanism by which the issuance of green bonds affects the ESG evaluation of enterprises. Using the sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2023, the dual difference method was employed to empirically analyze the impact of green bond issuance on the ESG performance of companies and its mechanism. The study found: Firstly, compared with enterprises that issue ordinary bonds, the issuance of green bonds significantly improved the ESG rating of enterprises. This conclusion remained robust even after controlling for endogeneity issues and replacing variables. Secondly, the mechanism test indicated that green bonds indirectly improved the ESG performance of enterprises through three paths: enhancing information disclosure transparency, reducing agency costs, and promoting green innovation. Thirdly, the heterogeneity analysis showed that the promotion effect of green bonds on ESG was more significant in non-state-owned enterprises, heavy-polluting industries, and enterprises in the eastern region. This study not only enriches the theoretical system of green finance and enterprise sustainable development, but also provides empirical evidence for policy makers to guide enterprises to optimize ESG practices through green bond financing.

Abstract Social interaction is widely recognised as a critical component of effective learning. However, as online learning becomes increasingly embedded within higher education, digital environments continue to face persistent difficulties in fostering meaningful social learning experiences. With more institutions than ever adopting online delivery, it is imperative to systematically investigate these challenges to inform pedagogical strategies that can better support collaboration and engagement. This article presents a systematic literature review of 36 recent studies examining the challenges faced by learners in online social learning contexts. The findings of the review were reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and organised and interpreted through the Community of Inquiry framework. The analysis demonstrates that the reported challenges are not isolated to a single dimension of the framework but instead exert a combined influence on cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence, underscoring the interdependent nature of these constructs in online learning. To extend this interpretation, we employed the activity‐centred analysis and design framework to examine how learning designs can constrain social interaction and collaborative inquiry. Additionally, the review highlights opportunities for improving learning design practices and identifies the potential of artificial intelligence in addressing barriers to online social learning. Drawing connections between challenges, design considerations, and emerging technological interventions, this study contributes to universal discussions on equity, inclusion, and collaboration, offering insights that are globally relevant to the design of a socially connected digital landscape of higher education. Context and implications Rationale for this study: This study addresses a gap by examining barriers to social learning in online higher education and how they stem from learning design. Why the new findings matter: Findings show these challenges are systemic and interconnected. Integrating CoI and ACAD provides a deeper explanation of their causes and informs more effective design interventions. Implications for practitioners, policy makers, researchers: The findings highlight the need for more intentional learning design to support meaningful social interaction in online environments. For practitioners, this means structuring collaborative tasks, roles, and facilitation strategies that promote engagement and psychological safety. For institutions and policymakers, the study underscores the importance of investing in staff capability, appropriate technologies, and inclusive design practices. For researchers, it provides a foundation for exploring design‐based and AI‐supported interventions to strengthen social learning. Overall, the study emphasises that improving tools alone is insufficient; aligning tasks, technologies, and social structures is essential for fostering connected, engaging, and equitable online learning experiences.

ABSTRACT The manosphere is a loose network of anti-feminist and more broadly reactionary male-centred online spaces, influencers and communities. A range of scholars, activists, practitioners and policy makers have turned their attention to generating strategies aimed at countering the misogynistic reactionary ideologies that boys and young men influenced by the manosphere are increasingly adopting. While great work is being undertaken in this space, what if there are also answers to this worrying phenomenon in the wider landscape of male-centred online community building? Are there other male-centred online communities at the margins of, adjacent to, or actively seeking to counter the manosphere that might hold keys to better understanding and combating its rise? How can thinking through the wider phenomenon of male-centred online communities inform new imaginaries that challenge, rather than perpetuate, male supremacy? In this curated conversation, we bring together key scholars whose work on masculinities, the manosphere and the wider phenomenon of male-centred online community building might help us to better understand and more effectively counter the manosphere. This panel addresses the digital conditions that have allowed male supremacist discourse to proliferate and imagines what could lie beyond the vitriol for men online through imagining alternative spaces and thought.

Adolescent is the crucial phase of the age group of 10 – 19 years. This is the phase of carnal, psychological development associated with sexual maturation. India is a country with largest ever adolescent population. According to the statement of UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) India will continue as the country of youngest populations in the globe till 2030. India lives in her seven hundred thousand villages that are remote areas. More than 60% population resides in villages. Adolescent HIV/ AIDS is now an epidemic and adolescent HIV/AIDS should be managed separately apart from the adult HIV/AIDS. The students, street youths and slum youths are mainly covered the group of adolescence. Due to psychological vulnerability adolescence are contracted with HIV/AIDS. Basically the adolescent HIV/AIDS is detected among the adolescent sex workers, child labors, and migrant population. Due to lack of education and awareness the disease is rapidly progressing among the adolescence in remote India. The common way of the transmission of HIV/AIDS is heterosexual in nature. The socio- cultural frame work should be developed to manage HIV/ AIDS. The purpose of this research paper will be to contribute policy makers by exploring the common issues and challenges in the HIV/AIDS programme.

To estimate the rate of hospitalisation, identify associated factors and assess out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) among adults with multimorbidity in Kerala, India. Community-based cross-sectional study. Two districts of Kerala, representing different geographic regions of the state. A total of 432 adults aged ≥30 years with multimorbidity were selected using multistage cluster sampling; 52.3% were women. Self-reported hospitalisation in the preceding 12 months and OOPE related to multimorbidity. Hospitalisation in the past year was reported by 26.62% of participants (n=115; 95% CI 22.5% to 31.1%). Among them, the majority (n=78, 67.83%) were admitted to government hospitals, and most hospital stays lasted <7 days (n=77, 67%). Hospitalisation was significantly higher among residents of Kollam district (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 1.52; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.12), participants with health insurance (APR 1.38; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) and those with more than two chronic conditions (APR 1.76; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.41). Among participants who incurred OOPE (90.7%), the median annual expenditure was ₹30 720 (US$353) (IQR ₹17 850-59 725). Medicines constituted the largest share of OOPE (61.7%). One in four adults with multimorbidity in Kerala reported hospitalisation. A significant proportion of OOPE was for drugs. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted financial protection measures, equitable resource allocation and strengthening of primary care services to reduce avoidable hospitalisations and economic burden. The increase in hospitalisation among those with insurance coverage requires careful attention from policy makers. Regulation of drug prices may be required to reduce the financial burden imposed by drugs.

With rapid advancements in online technology, police departments face increasing challenges and resource disadvantages in controlling cybercrime. Paradoxically, these same technological advancements provide a critical means for bringing offenders to justice. This exploratory study examines real-world police-guardian interactions to understand how Routine Activities Theory’s concept of capable guardianship can be effectively applied to combat crime in the digital realm. Through a rigorous content analysis of publicly documented cases involving online crimes against vulnerable victims, specifically children and animals, this study identifies five key factors crucial to successful police-guardian interventions. These factors are: prestige gained by the capable guardian within their community, the perceived defenselessness of the victim, the anonymity afforded to the guardian, the strategic use of media amplification, and the level of trust established between the guardians and law enforcement. The findings offer a vital framework for policy makers and law enforcement to better understand, engage, and leverage online citizen groups, maximizing their collaborative potential to enhance security and improve offender apprehension in cyberspace.