The Centre was established in March 2025 as a central repository to document the gaps in nursing workforce data needed to inform planning and policy development. To establish research priorities, an inaugural panel of Centre experts created 98 initial research questions (GNWC) across five domains: education, practice, regulation, policy, and systemic issues. Released in May 2025, the World Health Organization's (WHO) State of the World's Nursing 2025 (SOWN) provides updated worldwide nursing workforce data and global analysis. This study explores GNWC framework alignment with topics addressed in SOWN to affirm its direction and to augment research areas that are underrepresented. A framework analysis was conducted to compare SOWN findings with the GNWC research question framework. Findings between the two reports were categorized to identify areas of convergence and divergence. Thematic information was extracted from SOWN, and each GNWC question was examined in relation to the extracted information. Data were grouped by topic into five domains and classified according to thematic congruence. An iterative process was used to capture the consensus on alignment reached between the researcher and the panel of experts. Varied thematic congruence was identified between SOWN and the five domains of the GNWC framework: Education, Practice, Regulation, Policy, and Systemic issues. Shared understandings of global challenges were evident in all domains, with both minor and major differences identified. The analysis demonstrates substantial thematic congruence between the GNWC research question framework and SOWN across several domains. Areas of more limited coverage include Education and Systemic issues. Identifying challenges and evidence gaps in the global nursing workforce helps set research priorities and develop evidence-based strategies to strengthen it, thereby improving patient access to care and health outcomes.

Representing technological "minds": How anthropomorphic inferences influence legal judgments and policy opinions.

Drug policy remains a politically and socially contested domain, with third-sector voices often marginalised despite their central role in advocacy and service delivery. The 2024 New South Wales (NSW) Drug Summit provided a rare, government-convened deliberative forum for third-sector organisations to contribute to state drug policy debate. This study examined how third-sector organisations framed drug policy issues and proposed solutions in advocacy documents produced in the lead-up to the summit and assessed the extent to which these frames were reflected in the summit's official outcome document, the Report on the 2024 NSW Drug Summit (the report). We conducted a qualitative document analysis of 33 publicly available third-sector advocacy documents, alongside the report. A deductive framing analysis was applied using Entman's four-frame model (problem definition, causal attribution, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendations), supplemented by Benford and Snow's collective action frames (diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational), to enable systematic comparison across documents. Advocacy documents predominantly framed drug-related harm as rooted in structural injustice, highlighting criminalisation, discriminatory policing, systemic underinvestment, and stigma. They attributed responsibility to specific laws and institutions and called for decriminalisation, expanded harm reduction, improved treatment access, and stronger peer-led services. Although the report acknowledged strong support for decriminalisation, it did not include it as a recommendation. Instead, the report framed harm primarily as the result of service fragmentation and access barriers and prioritised less contentious service-level reforms. The majority of third-sector organisations advanced cohesive, rights-based, and harm-reduction-oriented frames, including strong support for legal reform. In contrast, the report framed drug policy reform primarily through service-level and harm-reduction recommendations, while more politically contentious proposals-particularly decriminalisation and prison-based harm reduction-were less visible or absent. Our findings illustrate how frame-tracking can help clarify patterns of alignment and divergence between stakeholder advocacy and agenda-setting outputs in invited participatory forums.

ABSTRACT Global student migration is a prominent issue in educational policy; one problematised by rising nationalist and anti-immigration rhetoric. UK higher education operates within a politically and economically precarious environment. International students – who pay higher fees than domestic students – have become vital to the financial stability of universities and the broader UK economy. However, their growing numbers have also sparked criticism, particularly in relation to immigration concerns and perceived impacts on education quality. This study uses discourse network analysis to examine UK parliamentary debates from 2020 to 2023, a period shaped by Brexit and the Covid-19 pandemic. It identifies six key discursive categories in political debates on international students: (1) economic, (2) higher education culture, (3) quality, (4) UK reputation, (5) resources, and (6) a nexus of international students and broader migration issues. We analyse the actors and coalitions involved in these debates and how their positions evolved over time. Despite ongoing political tensions around migration and hostile government policies, we paradoxically find broad cross-party consensus on the positive role of international students in the UK. By mapping these shifting dynamics, this paper contributes to understanding the evolution of government policy and debates surrounding international students in post-Brexit Britain.

ABSTRACT This article examines the moralization of educational policy debates in the United States, focusing on recent campaigns to ban Critical Race Theory (CRT). Once an academic framework for analyzing race, law, and power, CRT has become a polarizing symbol in several state legislatures, school boards, and public discourse. Drawing on scholarship on moralization and affect, I argue that the traction of CRT bans lies not only in partisan mobilization but in processes of affective moralization, namely, the framing of educational policy issues as moral imperatives infused with emotional intensity. Emotions such as fear, outrage, and resentment amplify moral claims, transforming curricular disputes into existential battles over identity, belonging, and national values. By theorizing affective moralization, this article extends existing scholarship on moralization in educational policy, demonstrating how affect and moralization are mutually reinforcing. The analysis highlights both the scholarly importance and the democratic risks of moralized policy discourse in education.

Abstract Governments are seeking innovative ways to address complex policy issues in increasingly fragmented and fiscally constrained service contexts. Co‐governance is a relatively new mechanism for facilitating collective decision‐making between government and other stakeholders. Effective co‐governance can be difficult to establish and resource‐ and time‐intensive to implement. This article presents findings from a study that aimed to develop a model for implementing effective co‐governance—relevant to both government and non‐government stakeholders. First, we developed a conceptual model of the co‐governance process based on a review of the literature. We then tested it in three very different co‐governance arrangements in Australia. Cross‐case analysis identified the drivers and process of co‐governance, components within each stage of the process, and factors that enabled its implementation. The model of co‐governance developed has practical application by guiding the implementation and evaluation of co‐governance and serving as a platform for future research. Points for practitioners Co‐governance—government and community sharing decision‐making—is being used to respond to complex issues but is not well understood. We develop an evidence‐based model of co‐governance using three Australian case studies. The model describes when to consider co‐governance, such as addressing complex, long‐term issues, where there are fragmented responsibilities, and where there is low trust. The model sets out the process to establish, implement, and monitor co‐governance and the factors that support this process. The model can be used by government and community organisations to consider whether co‐governance is appropriate and, if so, how to implement it. The model can also be a platform for future research.

ObjectiveTo examine the legal, ethical, and policy issues associated with gig work in nursing across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.MethodsNarrative review and cross-country comparative analysis.ResultsSixteen studies were included. While the term "gig work" is not generally applied to nursing in both the United Kingdom and Canada, the availability of flexible, temporary, short-term work is common, manifesting primarily through either bank nursing or agency nursing mediated by various digital platforms. The phenomenon of internal banking was observed across all three countries. Despite the increasing trend of gig work, legal ambiguities exist regarding the classification of nurses as employees or independent contractors which has significant ramifications for liability and accountability. With the short-term nature of gig work, patient safety concerns also exist, particularly for nurses navigating new healthcare contexts. Compounding these challenges, many gig platforms lack standardized mechanisms to verify nurses' credentials or enforce compliance with scope-of-practice regulations. Ethically, this regulatory vacuum perpetuates systemic inequities, as gig nurses may face substandard wages, exclusion from benefits, and exploitative contractual terms.ConclusionWhile gig work offers nurses unprecedented autonomy and flexibility, its unchecked growth risks normalizing precarious labor conditions, eroding workplace protections, and raising patient safety concerns. To sustainably integrate the gig model, legislators must close classification loopholes. Healthcare institutions should implement registries for vetted gig workers and enforce standardized onboarding protocols to maintain care quality. Simultaneously, gig platforms require regulatory oversight to mandate real-time credential verification, wage guarantees, and scope-of-practice safeguards.

Sleep is policy: Why adolescent well-being depends on time in bed Longitudinal research indicates that protecting adolescent sleep is among the most effective policies for youth well-being, as explained by Eun Jin Jung. Adequate sleep is not a lifestyle choice for adolescents – it is a policy issue with measurable consequences for life satisfaction and mental health. Adolescent sleep deprivation is often framed as an individual or family-level issue. New longitudinal evidence challenges this view. Drawing on seven years of nationally representative panel data, this research demonstrates that longer sleep duration causally improves adolescents’ life satisfaction over time, while the reverse relationship does not hold. The findings point to an urgent need for policy-level interventions addressing school schedules, academic intensity, and youth well-being frameworks.

This study envisages to emphasize the significance of utilizing Artificial Intelligence in the currently prevailing banking and financial businesses. This article seeks to dissipate and address the possible ventures confederated with financial institutions which avail these technologies, customers or users, and investors including the market cyclicity and comprehensive risk. It emphasizes on the role of AI applications in enhancing financial organizations’ contentious interests which further obliges or compels the collaboration and participation of policymakers and regulators. The pertinence and affirmation of Artificial Intelligence systems in precipitating corporate operations, risk management, and revenue growth is gaining propulsion worldwide. This article examines the inference of rapid use of Artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector. It also focuses on the benefits of such technology with respect to financial depth and coherence while accentuating the scrutiny regarding the expansion of digital divide between developed and developing countries. The research imparts to the conversation about the effect of AI by emanating and tabulating the threats it may initiate with respect to the integrity and stability to the financial depth while also looking into the policy issues and effective regulatory measures. AI and its application in the financial sector are constantly growing but the entire extent of its strengths and disadvantages remains unidentified. Despite being provided the potential for unanticipated consequences, there is still a need to consolidate prudential monitoring. While attempting to highlight the consequences regarding implementation of AI and to determine the benefits and risks which accompanies the use of AI, this research work aims to arrive to a conclusion with proffering and recommendations for the regulatory bodies and the policymakers in the guise of responses and suggestions to pursue stimulating innovation of AI in finance to safeguard financial investors and consumers.

The article analyzes the activities of the territorial bodies of the migration service of Transcarpathia in regulating ethno-migration processes in the implementation of state migration policy in 2001 – 2004. The specificity of the Transcarpathian region as a multi-ethnic border region, which at the beginning of the 21st century became a key hub in the system of migration flow management and protection of the rights of national minorities in the context of Ukraine's European integration aspirations, determined the relevance of the problem under study. Unpublished archival documents are introduced into scientific circulation, revealing the practical side of the interaction between the territorial bodies of the region's migration service and representatives of ethnic communities and asylum seekers. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of social adaptation programs for the most numerous national minorities, overcoming barriers in the cultural, educational, and spiritual spheres, and strengthening the historical and traditional atmosphere of interethnic tolerance. The formation of national cultural societies of national minorities, cultural and educational institutions, and their participation in the political life of the region are traced. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the educational and linguistic needs of national minorities in order to preserve their ethno-cultural identity. The peculiarities of the creation and functioning of temporary accommodation centers for persons who have applied for refugee status were identified and analyzed in detail. The mechanism for granting refugee status and cooperation with international and non-governmental organizations involved in migration policy issues to prevent violations of the rights of asylum seekers were analyzed. The opinion is substantiated that the effective implementation of state policy on ensuring the rights of national minorities and refugees in the region was hampered by imperfect interagency coordination, a shortage of financial resources, and a lack of qualified personnel in relevant specialties. The experience of the territorial bodies of the migration service in Transcarpathia became the basis for the formation of a national asylum system in Ukraine. At the same time, this issue has been little studied and requires further research to develop practical solutions for improving national migration policy.

This study examines the news media’s coverage of intraregional immigration issues in three Latin American countries –Colombia, Chile, and Mexico– from 2014 to 2018, when immigration became a salient political issue in these nations. We examine the news coverage by utilizing a novel sample of approximately 20,000 news articles and relying on a Structure Topic Modelling (STM) analysis to detect the most prevalent topics in the news. Our findings reveal that policy issues and stories related to human rights constitute the primary focus of news media coverage on immigration in those countries. We also investigate whether there are differences in the coverage between legacy and non-traditional news outlets. The results show differences among traditional and non-traditional/digital-native media regarding immigrant stories, and across the three countries analyzed, different patterns of news coverage emerged. These findings advance our understanding of immigration reporting in developing democracies and shed light on the role of media in Latin America.

Abstract We study how citizens' right to directly decide on policies through popular initiatives affects the attractiveness of extreme candidates in representative elections. In our theoretical framework, single prominent policy issues on which individual voters hold extreme views get a large weight in their assessment of candidates, thereby favouring ideologically extreme ones. If citizens can decide the controversial policy issues separately on the ballot, then this decouples the issues from legislative politics, and moderate candidates become relatively more attractive to voters. We apply our theory to US state legislative elections, and find that ideologically extreme candidates receive significantly lower voter support in initiative than in non‐initiative states. This holds in particular for states with low qualification requirements for initiatives. In concurrent elections for the US House of Representatives, we do not observe this difference in the electoral success of extreme candidates between initiative and non‐initiative states. The effect seems to be partly mediated by lower campaign donations to extreme candidates.

This study examines youth political participation and electoral expectations in the 2024 Local Election of Lubuklinggau City, with a particular focus on university students as strategic voters in local democracy. Despite their growing demographic dominance, youth participation is often characterized by high electoral turnout but limited deliberative engagement. This research aims to analyze voting intention, attitudes toward money politics, sources of political information, priority issues, and factors influencing candidate preferences among young voters. The study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 442 student respondents aged 18–35 years. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple inferential techniques. The findings indicate that youth voting intention is relatively high; however, political participation remains largely procedural rather than discursive. Most respondents demonstrate a strong normative rejection of money politics and rely heavily on social media as their primary source of political information. Education costs, employment opportunities, and living expenses emerge as the most influential policy issues shaping electoral preferences. This study contributes to the literature on local democratic participation by highlighting the gap between electoral participation and substantive political engagement among young voters. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening political education, media literacy, and program-based digital campaign strategies to enhance the quality of youth participation in local elections.

ABSTRACT Cooperatives are recognised as people-centred enterprises that encourage human development, democratic participation and inclusive growth. Governments throughout Asia acknowledge the importance of cooperatives in providing social services while supporting community development. We explore practical policy issues to improve the conditions promoting cooperatives in South Korea, Japan and Indonesia, and provide policy recommendations for human development. This study presents distinct policy implications by organizational form, resources and competence for both hierarchically structured cooperatives and horizontally organised cooperatives. We recommend a greater emphasis on member education for the former and prioritize collaborations with professional training institutions and universities for the latter.

Loneliness among older adults is addressed as a global public health issue and constitutes a key policy issue, internationally and within countries. Denmark is a country where numerous policies, initiatives, and campaigns, with aims of reducing loneliness, have been conducted over the past decade. The news media influence public understandings of loneliness and how the issue is dealt with in policy and practice. The aim of this study is to examine how loneliness among older adults is constructed in the Danish news media. Danish news articles were analyzed through the lens of Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA), with emphasis on the interplay between media representations and societal discourses in the construction of loneliness. Four discourses were identified in the analysis: (1) a discourse of social activities to reduce loneliness; (2) a discourse of loneliness as a societal and political issue; (3) a discourse of housing and the importance of the physical environment for reducing loneliness; and (4) a discourse of lived experiences of loneliness in later life. Articles were dominated by a focus on activity-based interventions, in which politicians, project managers, volunteers, and older adults were given a voice. Structural conditions, shortcomings in eldercare provision, and portrayals of older adults as "forgotten" were constructed as primary causes of loneliness. In these articles, older adults were portrayed as victims and were not present. It is important to maintain a critical awareness of the role the news media plays in constructing images of ageing, old age, and loneliness.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the key technology that allows the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and integration of renewable energy, but their development faces a complex of technical, environmental, and policy issues that require a multidimensional analysis. This review critically evaluates electrochemical activities, structural innovations, environmental effects, and regulatory frameworks used to deploy LIBs in EVs to inform the current development strategies. A narrative literature review was conducted across Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of science, IEEE Xplore, ACS, and Scopus where peer-reviewed articles, technical reports, and policy documents published between 2015 and 2025 were searched. Thematic synthesis melded discoveries in electrochemical processes, materials science, and policy space. LIBs have a better energy density (130-275 Whkg-1) and life- cycle greenhouse gas emission reductions of 46-52% compared to internal combustion engines with manufacturing emission (5075kg CO2-eq) payback within 1.5-3years of average driving. Major industrial innovation includes high-nickel cathodes, e.g., NMC811 and NCA, allow EV ranges of 400-500km, silicon-graphite composite anodes with up to 550-650 mAh g-1 capacity, and cell-to-pack designs. These innovations have been commercialized by CATL and BYD (Build Your Dreams) and raise cell-level energy density by 10-15% via removal of module-level components. The regulatory frameworks in the EU, US, and China are analyzed as the sources of market growth and the shift in the circular economy. The review finds that steady electrification must have an integrated policy to cover supply-chain equity, set chemistry-independent performance standards, and facilitated commercialization routes to solid-state and sodium-ion technologies that will characterize the post-lithium-ion phase.

ABSTRACT At the time of the 2019 European Parliament election, the environment was one of the most important issues among citizens. As the environment represents an important EU policy issue, candidates in this election are expected to respond to public salience and discuss environmental issues during the campaign. However, they may have failed to do this, as European elections are often claimed to be dominated by national issues, implying that they might fail to establish an electoral connection between voters and representatives on EU policy issues. This paper investigates candidates’ responsiveness by assessing whether they increased their focus on environmental issues in their 2019 campaign tweets compared to 2014 in line with the increase in environmental concern among citizens. Results show that candidates respond to citizens’ environmental concerns, especially candidates from GAL parties. These findings indicate that European Parliament elections can serve as an arena to discuss EU policy issues.

Activism exposes individuals to sustained harassment, threat and psychological strain in contexts marked by discrimination and weak institutional protection. For LGBTQ communities, public engagement frequently increases vulnerability to both offline and digital harm, with cumulative consequences for mental health. Using the Balkans as a case example, this perspective sees activist mental health through a public health and health policy lens, framing distress not as an individual coping failure but as an outcome of structural barriers and minority stress processes, including inadequate legal protection, limited access to culturally competent mental health care and insufficient accountability for platform-mediated harm. This article highlights the population-level implications of unaddressed structural stressors, like burnout, disengagement and reduced sustainability of civil society participation, by situating activist mental health within broader questions of health system performance, access to care and governance. Upstream policy responses that strengthen institutional protection, ensure equitable access to mental health services and promote safer digital environments would address these challenges, positioning activist mental health as a critical public health policy issue.

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the implications of carceral logics within education policy related to school discipline. Exclusionary school discipline is a significant policy issue, with suspensions, expulsions, detentions and exits, often due to student behaviour deemed disruptive or violent, occurring in Australia and other similar settler colonial countries. Exclusion from school has not been shown to resolve the issue of disruptive behaviour and students who are excluded are disproportionately from marginalised groups and, as a result of school exclusion, have a greater risk of contact with the criminal legal system. There is, therefore, a considerable need to address the issue of school exclusion so that students are able to participate in school life and gain a valuable education. In this article we examine the policy landscape of Victoria, a state of Australia, to understand intersections between behaviour, inclusion and exclusion. In particular, we are interested in possible unintended consequences of the policies in place and the influence of an embedded carcerality in the education system that may typically go undetected. We argue that attention to these less obvious factors in the policies – perhaps uncomfortable truths – can enable possibilities for transformational change that could benefit all those within the schooling system.

Geographic information in the French national health data system: Key challenges for territorial health studies.