Police Teams Research Articles

Установление дистанции выстрела по дробовой осыпи при отстреле патронов, снаряженных пыжами-контейнерами

Introduction. Most often, in cases of crimes related to the use of firearms, in addition to establishing that an object belongs to a firearm and resolving the issue of its serviceability and suitability for shooting, it is necessary to solve other non-identification tasks, such as establishing the direction and distance of the shot. As a rule, these two tasks are set together and the identification of such significant data as the distance of the shot and the angle at which the gunshot damage was inflicted allows us to give a correct criminal-legal assessment of the events that occurred. In this work, the results obtained by the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram were compared with the real data obtained when shooting cartridges, factory equipment with wad containers. Experimental part. The experiment was conducted in a closed shooting range, targets made of 1 mm thick metal sheets, chipboard and wallpaper were selected. The shooting was carried out from three distances: 5, 10, 15 meters; half of the targets were located at an angle of 90 degrees, the second half was placed at an angle of 75 degrees. A total of 54 shots were fired: 18 shots at targets made of wallpaper, 18 shots at metal sheets and 18 shots at chipboard. The weapon used in the experiment was a copy of the IZH-27M 12-caliber hunting rifle. The shooting was carried out from the upper barrel with a muzzle narrowing “choke” with cartridges of the Russian company “NPF “AZOT” the model “Azot Russian Hunter B/K”. Discussion of results. The obtained results of the scattering diameters of shot spread were used to determine the distance of the shot using the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram. The calculated intervals of distances were compared with the actual shooting distances. The results of the comparison show that the values of the intervals of the shot distance obtained by the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram give a significant error – the actual values of the shot distance are about a third greater than the upper limit of the interval of the shot distance determined by the A. F. Lisitsyn nomogram. According to the results of the study, a proprietary nomogram was derived to determine the shot distance from the traces of shot spread. Conclusions. If there is a trace of the wad container, to determine the distance of the shot, it is better not to use the Lisitsyn nomogram, but to build an experimental dependence of the maximum and minimum values of the diameters of the shot spread at specific distances for a gun from the scene of the incident or a similar model of weapon. There is a need to improve and update currently existing methodological research, since the use of outdated information hinders the rational implementation of the tasks assigned to forensic ballistics. It is necessary to conduct research to establish the firing distance of a poly projectile when using a weapon with a specific drilling of the Lancaster barrel bore. The latest developments in the weapons industry – such models as the TR 366 TKM with a “Paradox” type barrel drill, in which a 366 TKM shotgun cartridge with an oval capsule for a police squad can be used, require further improvement of methods for establishing the distance of the shot.

Penanggulangan Penyelundupan Narkotika Jenis Sabu-Sabu di Desa Pulo Teungoh Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Smuggling 1.2 tons of methamphetamine type narcotics in Pulo Teungoh Village, Kec. Meurebo, Kab. Aceh Barat is an international syndicate. This attempt was thwarted by a number of members of the Directorate of Drug Investigation at the Metro Jaya Police. The data collection method used is a juridical approach, such as the results of interviews and research observations. The results showed that the factors that cause drug smuggling are economic factors in the family tend to someone to commit a crime, be it stealing, murder or drug abuse. In an effort to overcome this, the West Aceh district government through Customs and Excise will more often carry out sea route operations by involving the police team in collaboration with the port and tightening the entry and exit routes via sea so that narcotics smuggling cases are less likely to occur, which are often passed by sea.

Restoring public confidence through the delivery of improved community policing in Rackhamshire

PurposeNeighbourhood policing is central to supporting public confidence in England and Wales. However, the delivery of neighbourhood policing models is increasingly fragmented and under pressure from austerity measures and from changes to demand and priorities. This research aims to understand the current state of neighbourhood policing in the county of “Rackhamshire” and its ability to support public confidence.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted six focus groups, three with officers who were part of Community Policing Teams (CPTs) and three with members of the community who were actively engaged with community policing and local concerns. These were supplemented by two interviews with senior officers (35 participants in total).FindingsAusterity-driven changes to policing in Rackhamshire have damaged the capacities of CPTs and residents have begun to lose confidence in the ability of the police to respond to their fears. The authors argue that reforms intended to make policing more efficient and effective appear to have the opposite effect on community policing, by preventing it from working in a way that can support public confidence and that this could have longer-term consequences.Originality/valueThe effects of austerity on the mechanisms by which neighbourhood policing supports confidence have been relatively neglected. By exploring the state of these mechanisms in one English constabulary, this research has exposed serious weaknesses in the way that community policing is able to support public confidence and suggests practical operational responses. In light of these findings, this study argues for the urgent reinstatement of earlier models of neighbourhood policing.

Sovereignty as new beginnings: Action beyond the liberal subject, among undercover police investigators in Europe, for example

This article argues that Schmitt's “state of exception” is only one expression of the deeper sovereign phenomenon, specifically the human capacity to inaugurate new beginnings in shared space. Sovereign action thus includes anything from Schmitt's vertically-imposed state of exception, which eliminates political subjecthood, to the thrill of horizontally-arranged movements, which enable it. To make this argument, the article foregoes the idea of the bounded, internally coherent liberal subject in favor of a relational subject, who is both internally divided and inherently tied to others. The subject's instability and relationality make new beginnings possible and renders sovereign action promising, even if risky. An unexpected example of this fuller view of sovereignty appears in an undercover police team in southern Europe that investigates global human smuggling and trafficking rings. Based on extensive ethnographic research, this article shows how they often act on their own ethical judgments, reached by considering the standpoints of people tied to their investigations, rather than through obedience to law, policy, or superior command. Acting outside constitutional order, these investigators, (re)constitute themselves as particular persons through their joint actions and simultaneously constitute modest sovereign spaces, however tentatively.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OF POLICE HORSES POLICE DIVISIONS

The article is to analyzes study the essence and content of the psychological support for the professional activities of employees of the equestrian unit, the Patrol Police Department, the National Police of Ukraine. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with certain goals, the specifics of the object and the subject of research. The methodological basis of the article was formed by normative legal acts, laws and orders on the organization of the system of psychological support for police officers, employees of the National Police. The tasks and functions of the psychological support system are considered. Depending on this, a number of recommendations are proposed for the implementation of the main directions of the system of psychological support for cavalrymen of the mounted police unit. A list of additional psychodiagnostic methods recommended for implementation at the stage of psychological selection, during professional training and in the performance of professional duties, taking into account the specifics of the duties of a cavalryman of a mounted police unit and with psychological support of professional activities, has been identified. A list of topics that it is advisable to introduce in the implementation of psychoprophylactic work with police cavalrymen is proposed. The main methods of optimizing the socio-psychological climate in teams are analyzed, and the need for appropriate measures aimed at rallying the police team and its systemic psychodiagnostic study is noted. The essence of the concept of psychological support in the system of psychological support for the performance of a police officer is considered. The basic principles on which the system of psychological support is based are analyzed. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the generalization and systematization of the results of research on the features of the system of psychological support for the professional activities of policemen of the mounted police unit, namely those basic structural elements and directions in the implementation of which it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the activities of the cavalryman. The importance of taking into account the characteristics of the performance of the police equestrian unit in the implementation of the system of psychological support is determined.

Efektivitas UU No. 41 Tahun 1999

According to the theory of effectiveness, the findings found by researchers have not reached the benchmark for the effectiveness of protected forests as confirmed in Law 41 of 1999 Article 47 on Forest Protection. The problem that occurs is the problem that is the main supporter of achieving the effectiveness of forest protection. The effectiveness of law no. 41 of 1999 Article 47 concerning benchmarks for effectiveness in the supervision of protected forests in order to maintain their sustainability. where there are problems faced by the agency responsible for the preservation of protected forests. factors inhibiting the effectiveness of law no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forest Protection is a budget cut since COVID-19 which hinders Forest Protection, then lack of public awareness of forest preservation, and lack of legal firmness from law enforcement officers. According to the theory of effectiveness that has not met the requirements or has not achieved this into a serious problem, lack of personnelForest Police Team (only two people), inadequate supporting facilities/infrastructure.figh siyasa review of the effectiveness of law no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forest Protection emphasizes that humans are able to be responsible for everything that Allah SWT has created. Which is where Allah SWT has forbidden humans to do mischief on earth.

ОПЕРАТИВНЕ РЕАГУВАННЯ ЯК ФУНКЦІЯ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ТА ОПЕРАТИВНОГО РЕАГУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The content of the activity of bodies and subdivisions of the National Police of Ukraine, which carry out operative response, is revealed. It is argued that the organizational-analytical support and operational response units of the National Police of Ukraine play a central role in organizing the immediate arrival of police officers to the applicant or at the specified scene in order to stop the offense, identify and detain the alleged offender, preserve traces of the offense and provide assistance victims within the powers of the police. The algorithm of response of police officers to statements and notifications about criminal, administrative offenses or other events coming from citizens, according to the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is clarified. The main problems that arise during the prompt response of police units to statements and reports of criminal, administrative offenses or events are identified. The average total time of assignment of tasks to police squads in the territory of the region and the average total time of arrival of squads to the scene in August 2020 were analyzed. The topical issue of organizing the response to reports of offenses and other events through the use of logistics devices involved in police teams is analyzed. Coordination of patrols is singled out as one of the means to reduce deadlines and improve control over the passage of information from the call center «102» to the main executor, which leads to a real reduction in the time of arrival of police squads to the scene. Also, the main means of activity of dispatchers have been identified, which allow to manage police squads and reduce the time to respond to applications and notifications of citizens. The own definition of operative response as one of functions of divisions of organizational and analytical maintenance and operative response of National police of Ukraine is formulated.

Road Safety: Search for Optimal Organizational Forms of Interaction

The authors conduct a comprehensive analysis of public relations related to the implementation of administrative reform of public administration in the Russian Federation, the transformation of socio-economic, political and legal relations that affect road safety; examine certain theoretical concepts, and conduct a comparative analysis of foreign forms of service by police squads with the possibility of their adaptation to the Russian reality. The novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive analysis of certain theoretical concepts, legal and organizational aspects related to the search for optimal organizational forms of interaction and the development of modern forms of road safety, consideration of debatable views, ideas, and value orientations related to the safety in question.

Elucidating Some Legal Insufficiency Of Prosecutors and Police Liaison For Criminal Investigation In Ethiopia: The Case Of Oromia Regional State

22 July 1991 to 21 August 1995, and 21 August 1995 to present by Transitional Charter and Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution respectively, Ethiopia adopted federal system and structured the regions along ethnic lines. And Oromia Regional State (ORS) is the most populous and the largest region in Ethiopia. Until 2007, the relationship between prosecutors and police as well as prosecutors’ and police’s institutions over criminal investigation in Ethiopia and in all its regional states has been mainly governed by Ethiopian criminal procedure code of 1961 (CPC of 1961) for more than four decades. This code and some piecemeal legislations had empowered police to investigate the commission of crimes independently and pass over the report to the prosecutors, while prosecutors were empowered, on receiving the report, either to instruct for re-investigation, close or institute charge against the suspect(s). However, ensuing the Ethiopian justice system reform baseline study that had conducted from 2003 – 2005, implementing the studied reform and/or overhaul the noticed gaps using Business Process Reengineering (BPR) as an instrument was started in 2007, particularly in ORS. As per this BPR, prosecutors and police had been adjusted to carryout criminal investigation together in team. To legalize BPR, at ORS level, proclamation No. 132 of 2007 was issued by Caffee (parliament) Oromia. Though this proclamation was repealed, those proclamations enacted after it, to govern the issue under consideration, follow similar approach – make criminal investigation the responsibility of prosecutors and police team. Now, it is proclamation No.213 of 2018, proclamation No.214 of 2018 and CPC of 1961 that are serving as adhesive for police and prosecutors to carryout criminal investigation together in team in ORS. Nonetheless, from its inception to today, criminal investigation team of prosecutors and police in ORS is full of tension. This tension affected and is affecting the administration of criminal justice system in ORS. This writer argues legal insufficiency is a primary reason for the tension in the prosecutors and the police liaison for criminal investigation. Yet, the insufficiency discourse of these laws should have gotten attention but lacked it. Though scanty, this essay purports to get out the insufficiency of laws that are governing prosecutors and police liaison for criminal investigation in the ORS, and try to recommend measures to be taken to avoid and smooth the relationship between police and prosecutors in the region.

Assessing the Effectiveness of an Integrated Speed Management Plan on Highways

Manned speed enforcement has long been used as a safety measure to improve drivers' compliance with posted speed limits on highways. The sustainable presence of police squads at high-risk locations is key to the successful implementation of an enforcement program and is usually supported by other measures, such as educational campaigns, messages, and warnings. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated speed management plan that is focused on manned traffic enforcement at three highway locations near the City of Leduc, Canada. Baseline speed data was collected and used to develop an enforcement deployment schedule. Following a public educational and engagement program, the enforcement plan was implemented. A detailed analysis was conducted for the speed data before, during, and after manned enforcement operations. To account for potential confounding factors, the evaluation method utilized a control site to correct for trends and other effects. The results showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in the average speed of vehicles that ranged from 1.14 to 8.96 km/h while the number of speed violations dropped by up to 25.5% at enforcement locations. Overall, the results from this study demonstrated that implementing an integrated speed management program, with manned enforcement at its core, has a high potential to improve safety by improving compliance, reducing the number of violations, and decreasing the average speeds on highways. The sustained manned enforcement is expected to increase drivers’ compliance with speed limits, which should eventually reduce collisions and improve safety. Keywords: Vehicular Speed, Manned Enforcement, Speed Violations, Safety Impacts, Speed Limit Compliance DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-1-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2021

English rural policing: job stress and psychological distress

PurposeJob stressor exposure is associated with mental health in police officers. Police stress research rarely draws a distinction between urban and rural policing, raising the possibility that stressors specific to the rural context remain unidentified and their implications unknown. This may hinder actions to protect the mental health of those involved in policing rural communities.Design/methodology/approachAmong rural policing teams in an English county police force this study used an exploratory sequential mixed method design to (1) identify and quantify exposure to rural policing stressors and (2) examine links between job stressor exposure and psychological distress.FindingsInterviews (N = 34) identified three rural policing job stressor themes: (1) job demands, (2) isolation and (3) critical decisions. Survey data (N = 229) indicated significant differences in exposure by rank to demand and critical decision stressors, with police community support officers (PCSOs) reporting lower exposure than officers of constable and sergeant rank. Overall, 44% of respondents reported symptoms of psychological distress indicative of likely minor psychiatric disorder; higher levels of psychological distress were associated with higher stressor exposure across all three job stressor themes for PCSOs and constables and within the job demand theme for sergeants.Originality/valueFindings point towards practical actions focussed on resource provision for officers and a research strategy to ameliorate the impact of stressors in English rural policing.

Reluctant collaboration in community policing. How police team up with youth prior to 1st of May demonstrations in Germany

Based on a 3-year ethnography on crime prevention of the police in Germany, this article analyses how the police incorporate youth in their de-escalation work preceding an annual demonstration on the 1st of May. A multimodal conversation analysis of work meetings traces how membership categorisation and assumption of social responsibility change: over the course of several months the police turn initially reluctant youth who the police at the outset considered ‘troublemakers’ into their ‘helpers’. They build an alliance by working with youth centres, influential people from the neighbourhood and participants of the previous year’s project. Whereas the police are the driving force at the beginning of the project, on the day of the demonstration they remain in the background and merely supervise the youth. This sequential development is discussed as a precarious process of disciplining the youth, driving the formation of a neighbourhood community and encouraging political consensus in society.

Penerapan Alat Bukti Dalam Sistem Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Penipuan

Many people take advantage of the situation by misusing the means of cellular technology communication, one of which is a crime that is a fraud that often occurs today is fraud by using sophisticated technology tools such as cellular phones by utilizing Short Message Service services. The problem that will be discussed is how is the application of evidence in the system of proof of fraud and whether the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the application of evidence in the system of evidence of criminal acts of fraud.This legal research method uses a type of normative descriptive legal research, approach to the problem and this study uses a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach. The type of data is primary data and secondary data. Data sources are secondary data, tertiary primary data. Data collection with literature studies, field studies. Data processing is carried out including data selection and data classification. Data analysis used is qualitative analysis.From the results of this study the authors found that the application of evidence in the system of proof of criminal acts of fraud is that the truth must be tested by means of evidence thus, the means and strength of evidence basically inherent in each evidence found. Supporting factors in the application of this evidence must be cooperation between legal institutions and providers of cellular telephone networks and the active role of victims in resolving fraudulent crimes. The inhibiting factors in the application of this evidence are the lack of facilities and infrastructure at the Lampung Police's special cyber unit, the next obstacle if the perpetrators did not leave their last GPS cellphone, so the Lampung cyber police could not find out where the perpetrators of the fraud were. The conclusion is that an act can be said to be criminal fraud if the elements are fulfilled according to the Law. In carrying out the verification of fraud through SMS, besides supporting factors in the form of a cyber police team, the task is specifically to deal with cyber crime.

Frequency of COVID-19 IgG Antibodies among Special Police Squad Lahore, Pakistan.

To find out the sero-prevalence of COVID-19 IgG antibodies among policemen performing duties at high risk areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Cross-sectional, observational study. Chughtai Lab Lahore from 20th to 30th May 2020. One hundred and fifty-four young policemen (mean age 27.1 ±3.8 years) were included in the study after written consent. Squad officers who had any sign of acute respiratory infection were excluded from the study. The participants were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding nature of exposure with the infected cases, kind of personal protective equipment they are provided with and living arrangements. Three ml of blood samples were collected from the participants and immediately sent to the lab for analysis. COVID-19 IgG antibodies were analysed using chemiluminescence immunoassay method on Architect Ci8200 (Abbott). SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis. All participants were males and mean age was 27.1 ±3.8 years. Out of 154 squad members, 24 were reactive for COVID-19 IgG antibodies and performing duties at the areas of high virus exposure. None of COVID-19 IgG reactive cases exhibited symptoms and most of them performed duties at high risk areas with only masks provided as personal protective equipment. Only 10% of the participants who were exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 were found to have anti-COVID IgG. COVID-19 IgG antibody reactive cases may not show any symptoms. Police force is at high risk of exposure. Serosurveys can help to find the spread of infection in the community and aid in planning healthcare strategies. Key Words: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, Seroprevalence, Pandemic, Asymptomatic cases.

Design and Development of an Autonomous Pilot Drone for Security and Rescue Assistance

The proposed project is to design an Autonomous Pilot Drone to assist the police or rescue team or an ambulance in order to rescue the casualties during accidents or in emergency situations and to monitor the area during that incident. There are many commercially available drone platforms, but all of them require manual interaction through a remote controller. This resulted in building an Autonomous Pilot Drone for Security and Rescue Assistance. In the proposed system the drone is a design using an autonomous guiding system with GPS technology. Such drones can fly and hover with programmed input from the on-board computer. Several unexpected issues made to sort out problems like slight weight imbalance, noisy sensor data, error in PID tuning and problem occurred when the battery gets voltage droplet. To fly such drone in autonomous mode, obstacle avoiding sensor is used to avoid accidents. The results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed drone through Mission planning software and hardware result

UK senior police officer with COVID-19

UK senior police officer with COVID-19

How Police Policies and Practices Impact Successful Crime Investigation: Factors That Enable Police Departments to “Clear” Crimes

A nationwide survey of U.S. law enforcement agencies was conducted by Horvath et al. (2001) with an aim of describing comprehensive information about police practices and policies regarding the criminal investigation process. Using the survey results, this study explores whether and how police organizations vary in their ability to clear crimes by examining organizational policies and practices that can predict cleared crimes against persons and property. The study’s results reveal, contrary to the conclusions of the RAND Corporation’s landmark 1977 report on police criminal investigations, that certain organizational characteristics of “crime control” efforts, including the police department’s perceived importance of clearance rates, cold case units, detachment from the public, case screening methods, Automated Fingerprint Identification System ownership, the use of “team policing”, and members of task forces were effective, but that those with a more “due process” orientation such as education requirements for investigators and their supervisors, prosecutor consultation, and problems with prosecutors’ advice tended to inhibit the clearing of cases. Implications for the effectiveness of police organizational policies related to the criminal investigation process are discussed.

Luca by Franck Thilliez

Reviewed by: Luca by Franck Thilliez Nathalie G. Cornelius Thilliez, Franck. Luca. Fleuve, 2019. ISBN 978-2-265-11781-5. Pp. 552. The move of Frank Sharko's brigade from the outmoded but familiar le 36 to the slick modernity of le Bastion marks a new era in the Sharko-Hennebelle thriller series. Sharko, a veteran with a predilection for old-fashioned policing and intuitive hunches, will need to resort to cutting-edge detection techniques to chase down tech-savvy criminals. Four initially distinct mysteries simultaneously fall upon the police team: the sudden disappearance of a surrogate in a highly publicized custody case, the kidnapping of a jogger who streams video of her exercise routes, the sudden death of a man bearing a portentous letter inviting the brigade to a macabre game, and the discovery of an eviscerated corpse abandoned in a forest ditch. As the investigations progress, leads converge but also multiply in complexity. In this solid police thriller, the brigade finds itself drawn into a race against time. Luca is one of the author's best, and, true to Thilliez's style, it is a delightfully layered narrative. It features a tightly-wound plot with fast-paced action, unexpected traps, and intriguing puzzles. Perpetrators, whose unnatural acts push the boundaries of the imagination, congregate in vividly described venues frequented by the fringes of society. Disparate mythological, medical, and digital references cleverly combine to weave a network of terrifying realism that fascinates the reader from start to finish. In counterbalance to this world of darkness and violence, Thilliez confers emotional depth upon the supporting characters. The personal lives of Sharko and Hennebelle take a refreshing step back. The reader learns of Captain Nicolas Bellanger's psychiatric treatments for the painful loss of his lover (which occurred in an earlier Thilliez novel) and the challenges he faces as a consequence of this trauma. Through the officer's reflections, the reader is educated on memory's sensory and emotional components, and vicariously experiences its soothing properties which paradoxically can sabotage the healing process. The mystery behind new colleague Audra Spick's reticence to discuss her past is intriguing and heart-wrenching. What further elevates this thriller is its unabashed foray into contentious ethical issues. The author delves into the difficulties of defining social, digital, and genetic identity. Well-researched information on transhumanism, bio-hacking, genetic manipulation, digital algorithms, and data collection is timely and thought-provoking. Prospective readers should understand that, if they enter into the thriller's literary contract for escapist purposes, they will find themselves on a journey that offers more than superficial entertainment. The novel, as a mirror of society, reminds the readers that the distraction technology offers is not without consequence. In our consumerist society, every digital act leaves a footprint of information exploitable by those with the knowledge, power, and financial backing to collect it. Luca convincingly demonstrates how even an insignificant choice can unpredictably modify the topography of our literary, technological, or biological reality. [End Page 254] Nathalie G. Cornelius Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Copyright © 2020 American Association of Teachers of French

Sport and Society in the Soviet Union: The Politics of Football after Stalin by Zeller Manfred Nicki Challenger (review)

SEER, 98, 1, JANUARY 2020 188 Zeller, Manfred. Sport and Society in the Soviet Union: The Politics of Football after Stalin. Translation by Nicki Challenger. The Library of Modern Russia. I. B. Tauris, London and New York, 2018. xx + 300 pp. Illustrations. Notes. List of source documents. Bibliography. Index. £75.00: $110.00. Manfred Zeller’s monograph on Soviet football fan culture, originally published in German, has now been translated and published in English. The book aims to provide a broad analysis of Soviet football fan culture in the post-World War Two period. This is a much needed study that explores various aspects of Soviet fan culture previously neglected by both Russian and Western scholars. Chapter one gives an account of current research on fan culture and spectator sport in which Zeller concludes that the historiography of both is ‘in its infancy at an international level’ (p. 13). The rest of the chapter discusses sources, methodology and analysis. Zeller conducted in-depth interviews with thirty-two Soviet football fans who supported Soviet soccer teams from the 1950s to the 1980s, and carried out significant archival research in Moscow and Kiev, in the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Central State Archives of Public Organizations of Ukraine and the Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine. He was given access to Soviet Sport Committee documents, to numerous football referees’ reports, and to thousands of soccer fan letters in which they congratulated their favourite teams, requested that their local team be promoted to a higher league, complained about incorrect decisions by referees, criticized TV and radio soccer commentators, etc. In addition various articles about football, soccer fan letters and public statements made by the USSR Sports Committee that were published in the daily newspaper, Sovetskii Sport, and the by-weekly magazine Futbol proved to be valuable sources. Chapter two describes the fan rivalry between the Moscow teams Dinamo, Spartak and TsDKA in the 1930s to 1950s. Following research by Robert Edelman, Zeller analyses the almost universal popularity amongst Muscovites of Spartak Moscow — ‘the team of the people’ which they rooted for regardless of their professional affiliation. Zeller writes about the iconic role of Nikolai Starostin and his brother in managing and promoting the team. The bitter rivalry between Spartak and Dinamo; the attempts of Lavrentii Beria to arrest the Starostin brothers in order to prop up Dinamo, and the new image of Spartak as a representative of the victims of the Stalin purges are covered from various angles and with many interesting details. The fan interviews indicate that in the post-World War Two period many Moscow bolelshiki rooted for TsDKA: the stands were full of former officers and soldiers, as they identified ‘the army team’ with Soviet war victories more than did the fans of Dinamo, REVIEWS 189 the police team. The chapter then zooms in on the defeat of the Soviet national soccer team, mostly consisting of TsDKA players, at the Olympics in 1952 which led to the disbanding of TsDKA by the USSR Sports Committee — one of Stalin’s last gestures in the world of Soviet sports. Several of the interviewees were old enough to witness these events and provided their recollections. Chapter three mostly deals with stadium violence (rather mild by modern standards) in Moscow, Kiev and other Soviet cities in the 1950s and 1960s and the reaction of soccer fans and police, as well as party and Soviet authorities. It offers a convincing lexical and stylistic analysis of the Soviet fan chants, ‘Sudiu na mylo’ and ‘Sudia pederast’, indicating how difficult and sometimes dangerous the work of the soccer referees was, as many of them were attacked not just verbally but also by glass bottles and stones. This kind of behaviour was reported from every corner of the Soviet Union — Kiev, Donetsk, Poltava, Kishinev, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Tashkent, Leningrad and Moscow. Zeller reports that the famous football referee Nikolai Latyshev was beaten twice in separate incidents: in Tbilisi and in Moscow. Zeller’s data leads to a valid observation that ‘in the years after Stalin’s death […] football stadiums were the ideal...

Психологическое консультирование руководителей органов внутренних дел по вопросам эффективного управления служебным коллективом

The article examines the nature and content of the main directions of psychological counseling police executives. The relevance is justified by the need to determine the specifics of counseling for police leaders, systematize ideas about the types of psychological counseling of leaders by a psychologist. Psychological counseling is defined as a type of organizational counseling aimed at developing the managerial competence of a leader through the acquisition of psychological and pedagogical knowledge, skills and abilities. The domain of psychological counseling of the executives is determined in the context of the main areas of management of the staff.
 Five directions of consulting a police executives are described: 1) organization of selection and appointmentof employees; 2) the organization and conduct of events of moral and psychological support; 3) the formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in police teams and department, as well as issues of improving the style and methods of managing employees; 4) the participation of the leader in minimizing the consequences of emergencies and their prevention; 5) optimization of the operational activities of the police officer. The results of psychological counseling are divided into primary, associated with improving managerial competence and the effectiveness of managing subordinate personnel, secondary, associated with the realization by the head of the value of psychological and pedagogical knowledge in the field of management of the staff.